An kanser ha prostate nadayagnos pinaagi han mga pagsari ngan proseso, nga bangin nag-uupod han:
1. Digital Rectal Exam (DRE): An doktor nagbubutang hin guwantes, lubricated nga tudlo ha rectum basi abaton an prostate kon may-ada ba mga abnormalidad.
2. Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Test: Usa ini nga blood test nga nagsusukol han lebel han PSA, usa nga protina nga ginhihimo han prostate gland.
An hitaas nga mga sukol han PSA mahimo magpasabot hin kanser ha prostate.
3. Transrectal Ultrasound (TRUS): Ginbubutang an gutiay nga probe ha rectum basi makita an prostate pinaagi han paggamit hin sound waves.
Makakabulig ini ha paghibaro han bisan ano nga abnormalidad ha prostate gland.
4. Biopsy: Ginkuha an gutiay nga bahin han prostate tissue ngan gin-usisa ha mikroskopyo basi makita kon may-ada ba kanser nga mga selyula.
Ini la an sigurado nga paagi ha pag-eksamin han kanser ha prostate.
5. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): An MRI scan han prostate makakabulig ha pagkilala han bisan ano nga abnormalidad ngan maggigiya ha proseso han biopsy.
6. Genomic Testing: An iba nga doktor bangin gumamit hin genomic test basi hibaroan an kadaku han kanser ngan basi makagdesisyon kon ano an bubuhaton.
7. Bone Scan: Mahimo himoon an bone scan basi hibaroan kon nagsarang na an kanser ha mga tul-an.
8. Computed Tomography (CT) Scan: An CT scan mahimo gamiton ha pag-usisa kon an kanser nagsarang na ha iba nga mga organo o tisyu.
Importante nga hinumdoman nga diri ngatanan nga kalalakin-an nga may hitaas nga PSA o abnormal nga resulta han DRE an may prostate cancer, ngan diri ngatanan nga prostate cancer an nagigin hinungdan han hitaas nga PSA.
Salit, kinahanglan an biopsy basi makompirma an diagnosis.
Dugang pa, an desisyon nga magpa-biopsy ginhihimo katapos tagdon an mga resulta hini nga mga pag-eksamin ngan an mga hinungdan han peligro ngan karuyag han indibiduwal.
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Marenco J, Kasivisvanathan V, Emberton M: New standards in prostate biopsy. Arch Esp Urol. 2019, 72 (2): 142-149.
Moradi M, Mousavi P, Abolmaesumi P: Computer-aided diagnosis of prostate cancer with emphasis on ultrasound-based approaches: a review. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2007, 33 (7): 1010-28.
Cuperlovic-Culf M, Belacel N, Davey M, Ouellette RJ: Multi-gene biomarker panel for reference free prostate cancer diagnosis: determination and independent validation. Biomarkers. 2010, 15 (8): 693-706.
McGrath SE, Michael A, Morgan R, Pandha H: EN2: a novel prostate cancer biomarker. Biomark Med. 2013, 7 (6): 893-901.
An Y, Chang W, Wang W, Wu H, Pu K, Wu A, Qin Z, Tao Y, Yue Z, Wang P, Wang Z: A novel tetrapeptide fluorescence sensor for early diagnosis of prostate cancer based on imaging Zn2+ in healthy versus cancerous cells. J Adv Res. 2020, 24 (): 363-370.
[Consensus of Chinese experts on the application of molecular imaging targeting prostate specific membrane antigen in prostate cancer patients]. Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2018, 56 (2): 91-94.
Zhong WD, He HC, Bi XC, Ou RB, Jiang SA, Liu LS: cDNA macroarray for analysis of gene expression profiles in prostate cancer. Chin Med J (Engl). 2006, 119 (7): 570-3.
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How is prostate cancer diagnosed?
Prostate cancer is diagnosed through a combination of tests and procedures, which may include:
1. Digital Rectal Exam (DRE): A doctor inserts a gloved, lubricated finger into the rectum to feel the prostate for any abnormalities.
2. Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Test: This is a blood test that measures the level of PSA, a protein produced by the prostate gland.
Elevated PSA levels may indicate the presence of prostate cancer.
3. Transrectal Ultrasound (TRUS): A small probe is inserted into the rectum to create an image of the prostate using sound waves.
This can help identify any abnormalities in the prostate gland.
4. Biopsy: A small sample of prostate tissue is removed and examined under a microscope for the presence of cancer cells.
This is the only definitive way to diagnose prostate cancer.
5. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): An MRI scan of the prostate can help identify any abnormalities and guide the biopsy procedure.
6. Genomic Testing: Some doctors may use genomic tests to help determine the aggressiveness of the cancer and guide treatment decisions.
7. Bone Scan: A bone scan may be performed to check if the cancer has spread to the bones.
8. Computed Tomography (CT) Scan: A CT scan may be used to check if the cancer has spread to other organs or tissues.
It is important to note that not all men with elevated PSA levels or abnormal DRE results will have prostate cancer, and not all prostate cancers will cause elevated PSA levels.
Therefore, a biopsy is necessary to confirm the diagnosis.
Additionally, the decision to undergo a biopsy is made after considering the results of these tests and the individual's risk factors and preferences.
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