Eyi le ṣẹlẹ nitori awọn iyipada jiini ti o yori si overexpression ti awọn ifosiwewe idagba kan tabi idilọwọ ti awọn jiini idilọwọ akàn.
Àwọn ìyípadà wọ̀nyí lè mú kí àwọn sẹ́ẹ̀lì máa pọ̀ sí i lọ́nà tí kò bófin mu, èyí sì lè yọrí sí ìdàgbàsókè iṣan.
Bí kòkòrò náà ṣe ń pọ̀ sí i, ó lè gbógun ti àwọn ẹ̀jẹ̀ àti ẹ̀yà ara tó wà nítòsí, irú bí afẹ́fẹ́, kòkòrò inú ara, àti àwọn kòkòrò lymph tó wà nítòsí.
Nígbà míì, àwọn sẹ́ẹ̀lì àrùn jẹjẹrẹ lè ya ara wọn kúrò nínú ohun tó ń fa àrùn jẹjẹrẹ, kí wọ́n sì tàn dé àwọn apá mìíràn nínú ara nípasẹ̀ ẹ̀jẹ̀ tàbí ètò lymphatic, ìyẹn ohun tí wọ́n ń pè ní metastasis.
Nígbà tí àrùn jẹjẹrẹ náà bá ti tàn kálẹ̀, ó máa ń ṣòro láti tọ́jú rẹ̀.
Àwọn èròjà tí wọ́n ń pè ní hormones, pàápàá hormones tí wọ́n ń pè ní androgen, ìyẹn testosterone, tún lè nípa lórí àrùn jẹjẹrẹ kòkòrò yìí.
Testosterone lè mú kí àwọn sẹ́ẹ̀lì jẹjẹrẹ kòkòrò kòkòrò kòkòrò kòkòrò kòkòrò kòkòrò kòkòrò kòkòrò kòkòrò kòkòrò kòkòrò kòkòrò kòkòrò kòkòrò kòkòrò kòkòrò kòkòrò kòkòrò kòkòrò kòkòrò kòkòrò kòkòrò kòkòrò kòkòrò.
Zobniw CM, Causebrook A, Fong MK: Clinical use of abiraterone in the treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Res Rep Urol. 2014, 6 (): 97-105.
Lim HY, Agarwal AM, Agarwal N, Ward JH: Recurrent epistaxis as a presenting sign of androgen-sensitive metastatic prostate cancer. Singapore Med J. 2009, 50 (5): e178-80.
Kohli M, Qin R, Jimenez R, Dehm SM: Biomarker-based targeting of the androgen-androgen receptor axis in advanced prostate cancer. Adv Urol. 2012, 2012 (): 781459.
Nelson JB, Hedican SP, George DJ, Reddi AH, Piantadosi S, Eisenberger MA, Simons JW: Identification of endothelin-1 in the pathophysiology of metastatic adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Nat Med. 1995, 1 (9): 944-9.
Msaouel P, Nandikolla G, Pneumaticos SG, Koutsilieris M: Bone microenvironment-targeted manipulations for the treatment of osteoblastic metastasis in castration-resistant prostate cancer. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2013, 22 (11): 1385-400.
Kotani K, Sekine Y, Ishikawa S, Ikpot IZ, Suzuki K, Remaley AT: High-density lipoprotein and prostate cancer: an overview. J Epidemiol. 2013, 23 (5): 313-9.
Jadvar H: Molecular imaging of prostate cancer: a concise synopsis. Mol Imaging. , 8 (2): 56-64.
Ìyàsímímọ́: ìtọ́jú ìlera
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A ò gbọ́dọ̀ lo ìsọfúnni tó wà nínú ìwé náà láti ṣe àyẹ̀wò tàbí láti wo àìsàn tàbí àìsàn kan wò, àwọn tó bá sì ń wá ìmọ̀ràn nípa ìṣègùn fúnra wọn gbọ́dọ̀ bá dókítà tó ní ìwé àṣẹ sọ̀rọ̀.
Jọwọ ṣe akiyesi nẹtiwọọki neural ti o ṣe agbejade awọn idahun si awọn ibeere, jẹ pataki ti ko tọ nigbati o ba de si akoonu nọmba. Fun apẹẹrẹ, nọmba awọn eniyan ti a ṣe ayẹwo pẹlu aisan kan pato.
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Ìyàsímímọ́: ẹ̀tọ́ ọmọnìyàn
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Ti o ba gbagbọ ni igbagbọ to dara pe eyikeyi akoonu tabi ohun elo ti o wa ni asopọ pẹlu oju opo wẹẹbu wa tabi awọn iṣẹ ṣe ilokulo aṣẹ-aṣẹ rẹ, iwọ (tabi aṣoju rẹ) le firanṣẹ akiyesi kan si wa ti o beere pe a yọ akoonu tabi ohun elo naa kuro, tabi idilọwọ iraye si rẹ.
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(5) ìpolongo kan láti ọ̀dọ̀ rẹ, tí o fìdí rẹ̀ múlẹ̀ lábẹ́ ìjìyà ẹ̀rí èké, pé ìsọfúnni tó wà nínú ìkéde náà tọ̀nà àti pé o ní àṣẹ láti mú kí àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ọmọnìyàn tí wọ́n sọ pé wọ́n ti rú ṣẹ ṣẹ;
ati (6) ibuwọlu ti ara tabi itanna ti ẹni ti o ni aṣẹ tabi eniyan ti o ni aṣẹ lati ṣiṣẹ ni orukọ ẹni ti o ni aṣẹ.
Ti o ko ba ṣafikun gbogbo alaye ti o wa loke le ja si idaduro ti ṣiṣe ẹdun rẹ.
Ìfọ̀rọ̀wérọ̀
Jọwọ fi imeeli ranṣẹ si wa pẹlu eyikeyi ibeere / imọran.
What is pathophysiology of prostate cancer?
The pathophysiology of prostate cancer refers to the underlying mechanisms and processes that lead to the development and progression of the disease.
Prostate cancer is a malignant tumor that arises from the cells of the prostate gland, which is a small, walnut-shaped organ located below the bladder in men.
The prostate gland produces seminal fluid, which nourishes and transports sperm.
The exact cause of prostate cancer is not fully understood, but several factors are known to increase the risk of developing the disease.
These include age, family history, race, and certain genetic mutations.
Prostate cancer is more common in older men, with the majority of cases occurring in men over the age of 65.
Additionally, men with a family history of prostate cancer are at an increased risk, as are African American men and men of Caribbean descent.
The pathophysiology of prostate cancer involves the uncontrolled growth and division of cells within the prostate gland.
This can occur due to genetic mutations that lead to the overexpression of certain growth factors or the inactivation of tumor suppressor genes.
These mutations can result in the unregulated growth of cells, leading to the formation of a tumor.
As the tumor grows, it can invade nearby tissues and organs, such as the bladder, rectum, and nearby lymph nodes.
In some cases, cancer cells can break away from the primary tumor and spread to other parts of the body through the bloodstream or lymphatic system, a process known as metastasis.
Once the cancer has spread, it can be more difficult to treat.
Prostate cancer can also be influenced by hormonal factors, particularly the androgen hormone testosterone.
Testosterone can stimulate the growth of prostate cancer cells, and many treatments for prostate cancer aim to reduce the levels of this hormone or block its effects.
In summary, the pathophysiology of prostate cancer involves the uncontrolled growth and division of cells within the prostate gland, which can be influenced by genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors.
Understanding the underlying mechanisms of the disease is crucial for developing effective treatments and improving outcomes for patients with prostate cancer.
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