Patofisiologi serangan jantung, cit dituri seubagoe infark miokard, melibatkan gangguan aliran darah keu bagian otot jantung, yang meuakibat mate sel jantung.
Hal nyo biasa jih terjadi karena penyumbatan arteri koroner oleh bekuan darah, yang seureng akibat aterosklerosis, kondisi di pat plak meutumpok di arteri.
Plak nyan dipeuget dari kolesterol, zat lemak, produk limbah seluler, kalsium, dan fibrin.
Wate plak beukah, jeut peuget gumpalan darah, yang jeut meupeublok arteri dan dipegah darah kaya oksigen dari mencapai otot jantung.
Kekurangan oksigen nyoe jeut keu peunyebab sel otot jantung mate, yang jeut keu serangan jantung.
Luwah kerusakan nyan meugantung bak ukuran daerah yang disuplai oleh arteri yang teugunci dan wate antara serangan dan perawatan.
Gejala serangan jantung jeut termasuk nyeri dada atau rasa hana nyaman, sesak napas, mual, pusing, dan nyeri bak jaroe, takue, rahang, atau punggong.
Perawatan untuk serangan jantung biasa jih melibatkan pemulihan aliran darah ke otot jantung seugera mungkin, baik melalui pengobatan atau prosedur lage angioplasti dan stenting atau operasi bypass arteri koroner.
Penting untuk taingat bahwa patofisiologi serangan jantung nyan kompleks dan melibatkan le faktor, termasuk faktor genetik, gaya udep, dan lingkungan.
Faktor risiko serangan jantung termasok tekanan darah tinggi, kolesterol tinggi, meumukah, diabetes, obesitas, kureung aktifitas fisik, dan riwayat keluarga peunyaket jantung.
Mengelola faktor resiko nyo jeut membantu mengurangi kemungkinan mengalami serangan jantung.
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Liu Chung Ming C, Sesperez K, Ben-Sefer E, Arpon D, McGrath K, McClements L, Gentile C: Considerations to Model Heart Disease in Women with Preeclampsia and Cardiovascular Disease. Cells. 2021, 10 (4): .
Hansen J, Victor RG: Direct measurement of sympathetic activity: new insights into disordered blood pressure regulation in chronic renal failure. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 1994, 3 (6): 636-43.
LaMacchia JC, Roth MB: Aquaporins-2 and -4 regulate glycogen metabolism and survival during hyposmotic-anoxic stress in Caenorhabditis elegans. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2015, 309 (2): C92-6.
Tham YK, Bernardo BC, Ooi JY, Weeks KL, McMullen JR: Pathophysiology of cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure: signaling pathways and novel therapeutic targets. Arch Toxicol. 2015, 89 (9): 1401-38.
Lonn E: The clinical relevance of pharmacological blood pressure lowering mechanisms. Can J Cardiol. 2004, 20 Suppl B (): 83B-88B.
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What is pathophysiology of heart attack?
The pathophysiology of a heart attack, also known as myocardial infarction, involves the disruption of blood flow to a part of the heart muscle, leading to the death of heart cells.
This typically occurs due to the obstruction of a coronary artery by a blood clot, which is often the result of atherosclerosis, a condition where plaque builds up in the arteries.
The plaque is made up of cholesterol, fatty substances, cellular waste products, calcium, and fibrin.
When a plaque ruptures, it can cause a blood clot to form, which can block the artery and prevent oxygen-rich blood from reaching the heart muscle.
This lack of oxygen causes the heart muscle cells to die, leading to a heart attack.
The extent of the damage depends on the size of the area supplied by the blocked artery and the time between the attack and treatment.
Symptoms of a heart attack can include chest pain or discomfort, shortness of breath, nausea, lightheadedness, and pain in the arms, neck, jaw, or back.
Treatment for a heart attack usually involves restoring blood flow to the heart muscle as quickly as possible, either through medication or procedures such as angioplasty and stenting or coronary artery bypass surgery.
It is important to note that the pathophysiology of a heart attack is complex and involves multiple factors, including genetic, lifestyle, and environmental factors.
Risk factors for heart attack include high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, diabetes, obesity, lack of physical activity, and a family history of heart disease.
Managing these risk factors can help reduce the likelihood of experiencing a heart attack.
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