Aduru a wɔfrɛ no urticaria, yɛ honam ani yare a ɛma honam ani kɔkɔɔ, ani yɛ nyan, na ɛhon.
Nneɛma pii na ebetumi ama obi anya bi te sɛ yare a ɛma obi ho yɛ no nãã, nsɔnnuro, ne nnuru bi.
Sɛ wobehu sɛ obi anya nsamanwaw a, egye sɛ wohwehwɛ ne ho nsɛm mu, wohwehwɛ ne nipadua mu, na ɛtɔ mmere bi a, wohwehwɛ ne ho mu wɔ ayaresabea.
1. Akwahosan ho nsɛm: Dɔkota no bebisa ɔyarefo no yare ho nsɛm, a nea ɛka ho ne yare biara a wonim sɛ obi nya, yare a wanya nnansa yi, ne nnuru a ɔnom.
Wobɛsan nso abisa wo yareɛ no ho nsɛnkyerɛne, bere tenten a wode ateetee ne deɛ ɛkeka ho.
2. Nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu: Dɔkota no bɛhwɛ sɛ ebia kuru no bi wɔ hɔ anaa, ne kɛse te sɛn, na ɛtrɛw fa baabiara anaa.
Wobetumi nso ahwɛ sɛ ebia yare no ho nsɛnkyerɛnne foforo te sɛ anim, ano, anaa tɛkrɛma a ɛrehonhon bi wɔ hɔ anaa.
3. Aduruyɛ mu nhwehwɛmu: Wɔ nsɛm bi mu no, oduruyɛfo betumi ama wɔayɛ wo mogya mu nhwehwɛmu de ahwɛ sɛ ebia wo anya yare bi a ɛhaw wo anaa woanya nsanyare bi.
Wobetumi ayɛ honam mu nhwehwɛmu te sɛ honam mu nsɔhwɛ anaa patch test nso de ahu nea ɛde yare ba pɔtee.
4. Ayaresa ho sɔhwɛ: Sɛ oduruyɛfo no susuw sɛ yare no betumi ama obi anya yare no bi a, wobetumi ama ɔyarefo no akɔ ayaresabea a wɔhwɛ yare no ho nsɛm so ma wɔayɛ nhwehwɛmu akɔ akyiri.
Eyi betumi ayɛ honam mu nhwehwɛmu, nea wɔde nsa ka, anaa mogya mu nhwehwɛmu a wɔde hu nneɛma pɔtee a ɛma obi nya yare no.
5. Nsonsonoe a ɛda yare no ho: Oduruyɛfo no besusuw nneɛma foforo a ebetumi ama yare no ho nsɛnkyerɛnne ada adi, te sɛ honam ani nyarewa foforo anaa yare foforo a ɛwɔ hɔ, na ebia ɔbɛma wɔayɛ nhwehwɛmu foforo de ayi eyi afi hɔ.
6. Nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ de hwɛ yare no: Sɛ yare no fi ade bi te sɛ ɔhyew, awɔw, anaa nhyɛso a, oduruyɛfo no betumi ayɛ nhwehwɛmu de asi yare no ho gyinae.
Eyi hwehwɛ sɛ wɔde honam no bɛhyɛ biribi a wosusuw sɛ ɛde yare no ba mu ahwɛ sɛ ɛbɛhaw no anaa.
7. Akwaa a nipadua no ankasa ko tia nyarewa mu nhwehwɛmu: Sɛ obi nya ntontom a enni sabea a, oduruyɛfo no betumi ama wɔayɛ nhwehwɛmu de ahwehwɛ mu ahu sɛ ebia nipadua no ankasa ko tia nyarewa mu, efisɛ ɛtɔ mmere bi a saa nneɛma yi na ɛde yare no ba.
8. Mfonini a wɔde hwɛ yare: Wɔ tebea horow bi mu no, wobetumi ama wo nnuru bi te sɛ X-ray anaa CT scan de ahwɛ sɛ yare foforo bi wɔ hɔ a ebetumi ama woanya yare no bi anaa.
Ne nyinaa mu no, sɛ wobehu sɛ obi anya nsamanwaw a, ɛsɛ sɛ wohwehwɛ ne ho nsɛm mu, hwehwɛ ne nipadua mu, na ɛtɔ mmere bi a wɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu wɔ ayaresabea.
Botae no ne sɛ wobehu nea ɛde yare no ba na woahu ayaresa a eye ma ɔyarefo no.
Torabi B, Ben-Shoshan M: The association of cholinergic and cold-induced urticaria: diagnosis and management. BMJ Case Rep. 2015, 2015 (): .
Schoepke N, Doumoulakis G, Maurer M: Diagnosis of urticaria. Indian J Dermatol. 2013, 58 (3): 211-8.
Hochstadter EF, Ben-Shoshan M: Cold-induced urticaria: challenges in diagnosis and management. BMJ Case Rep. 2013, 2013 (): .
Ensina LF, Brandão LS, Neto HC, Ben-Shoshan M: Urticaria and angioedema in children and adolescents: diagnostic challenge. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2022, 50 (S Pt 1): 17-29.
Silvestre Salvador JF, Giménez-Arnau AM, Gómez de la Fuente E, González Del Castillo J, Martínez Virto AM, Miguens Blanco I, Serra-Baldrich E, Llorens P: Managing urticaria in the emergency department: recommendations of a multidisciplinary expert panel. Emergencias. 2021, 33 (4): 299-308.
Visitsuntorn N, Tuchinda M, Arunyanark N, Kerdsomnuk S: Ice cube test in children with cold urticaria. Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol. 1992, 10 (2): 111-5.
['Abɔdin: ayaresa']
['Wɔayɛ wɛbsaet yi sɛ wɔmfa nkyerɛkyerɛ na wɔnka ho asɛm kɛkɛ, na ɛnyɛ sɛ wɔde ayaresa ho afotu anaa adwumakuw bi mmoa rema.']
['Ɛnsɛ sɛ wɔde nsɛm a wɔde ama no di dwuma de hwehwɛ yare anaa yare bi ho ayaresa, na ɛsɛ sɛ wɔn a wɔrehwehwɛ ayaresa ho afotu no ne oduruyɛfo a ɔwɔ tumi krataa di nkitaho.']
['Yɛsrɛ wo hyɛ no nsow sɛ amemene no mu mfiri a ɛma nsɛmmisa ho mmuae no nyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ bere a ɛfa akontaahyɛde ho no. Sɛ nhwɛso no, nnipa dodow a wɔanya yare pɔtee bi.']
["Hwehwɛ afotu fi wo dɔkota anaa ayaresafo a wɔfata hɔ bere biara wɔ yareɛ ho. Nnyae ayaresa ho afotuo a wɔn a wɔn ho akokwaw de ma no ho adwenemu anaa twentwɛn wo nan ase sɛ worebɛhwehwɛ esiane biribi a woakenkan wɔ wɛbsaet yi so nti. Sɛ ɛyɛ wo sɛ wowɔ yareɛ ho nsɛmmisa a, frɛ 911 anaa kɔ ayaresabea a ɛbɛn wo pɛɛ ntɛm ara. Saa wɛbsaet yi anaa dwuma a wode di no mma wonnya oduruyɛfo ne ɔyarefo ayɔnkofa biara. BioMedLib anaa n'adwumayɛfoɔ anaa obiara a ɔde ne ho bɔ wɛbsaet yi ho dawuro biara nni mu, a ɛkyerɛ anaa enni mu, fa nsɛm a wɔde ama wɔ ha anaa dwuma a wɔde di no ho."]
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['Sɛ wogye di sɛ wo nsɛm anaa nneɛma bi a ɛwɔ yɛn wɛbsaet anaa yɛn dwumadie mu no to wo mmara a woahyehyɛ no so a, wo (anaa wo dwumadifoɔ) bɛtumi de nkaebɔ ama yɛn de apɛ sɛ yɛyi nsɛm anaa nneɛma no firi hɔ anaa yɛsi ho kwan.']
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['DMCA hwehwɛ sɛ wo dawurubɔ a ɛfa mmara a obi abu so ho no de nsɛm a edidi so yi ka ho: (1) nkyerɛwde a ɛkyerɛ adwuma a mmara bɔ ho ban a obi abu so no; (2) nsɛm a wɔkyerɛ sɛ obi abu so no ne ɛho nsɛm a ɛfata a ɛbɛma yɛahunu faako a saa nsɛm no wɔ; (3) wo nkitahodi ho nsɛm, a wo address, fon number ne email ka ho; (4) krataa a woakyerɛ sɛ wowɔ gyidie pa sɛ nea woabɔ ho dawuru no nni mmara no wura anaa nea ɔhwɛ so anaa mmara biara tumi mu.']
['(5) sɛ wo de wo nsa ahyɛ krataa ase, na wohyɛ sɛ wobedi atoro, sɛ nsɛm a ɛwɔ krataa no mu yɛ nokware, na wowɔ tumi sɛ wode wo nsa bɛka nneɛma a obi akyerɛw abrɛ wo ase no;']
["و (6) physical or electronic signature of the copyright owner or a person authorized to act on the copyright owner's behalf."]
['Sɛ woantwerɛ nsɛm a ɛwɔ soro yi nyinaa amfiri wo nkrataa no mu a, ɛbɛtumi ama wo kyɛfa no akyɛ.']
['Nkitahodi']
['Yɛsrɛ wo, fa nsɛmmisa anaa nyansahyɛ biara fa e-mail so brɛ yɛn.']
How is urticaria diagnosed?
Urticaria, also known as hives, is a skin condition characterized by the appearance of red, itchy, and swollen welts on the skin.
It can be caused by a variety of factors, including allergic reactions, infections, and certain medications.
Diagnosing urticaria involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and sometimes laboratory tests.
1. Medical history: The doctor will ask about the patient's medical history, including any known allergies, recent illnesses, and medications taken.
They will also inquire about the onset of symptoms, their duration, and any potential triggers.
2. Physical examination: The doctor will examine the skin for the presence of welts, their size, and distribution.
They may also check for other signs of an allergic reaction, such as swelling of the face, lips, or tongue.
3. Laboratory tests: In some cases, the doctor may order blood tests to check for the presence of allergies or infections.
Skin tests, such as a skin prick test or patch test, may also be performed to identify specific allergens.
4. Allergy tests: If the doctor suspects an allergic reaction, they may refer the patient to an allergist for further testing.
This may include skin prick tests, patch tests, or blood tests to identify specific allergens.
5. Differential diagnosis: The doctor will also consider other possible causes of the symptoms, such as other skin conditions or underlying medical conditions, and may order additional tests to rule these out.
6. Provocation tests: In cases of physical urticaria, where the hives are triggered by physical stimuli such as heat, cold, or pressure, the doctor may perform a provocation test to confirm the diagnosis.
This involves exposing the skin to the suspected trigger to see if a reaction occurs.
7. Autoimmune tests: In cases of chronic urticaria, the doctor may order tests to check for autoimmune disorders, as these can sometimes cause the condition.
8. Imaging tests: In rare cases, imaging tests such as an X-ray or CT scan may be ordered to rule out other conditions that may cause similar symptoms.
Overall, diagnosing urticaria involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and sometimes laboratory tests.
The goal is to identify the underlying cause and determine the best course of treatment for the patient.
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