How is Breast cancer diagnosed?

['Escucha esta páxina']

¿Cómo se diagnostica'l cáncer de mama?

El cáncer de mama ye diagnosticáu al traviés d'una combinación de pruebes y procedimientos, que pueden incluyir:

1. Exame clínicu de los pechos: Un profesional de la salú va esaminar los pechos pa detectar bultos, cambeos nel tamañu o la forma, o otres anormalidaes.

2. Mamografía: Una radiografía de la mama que puede detectar anormalidaes inclusive enantes de que se puedan palpar.

3. Ecografía: prueba qu'utiliza ondes sonores pa crear una imaxe del texíu mamariu, que puede ayudar a determinar si un bultu ye sólidu o ta llenu de líquidu.

4. Resonancia magnética: Una resonancia magnética (RM) usa un campu magnético y ondes de radio pa crear imaxes detallaes del texíu mamariu.

5. Biopsia: Exame microscópicu d'una pequeña amuesa de texíu mamariu pa determinar si hai célules canceroses.

6. Analises de sangre: Pueden realizase determinaes analís de sangre, como un hemograma completu o marcadores tumorales, pa determinar l'estadiu del cáncer o pa controlar el tratamientu.

7. Pruebes xenétiques: Si hai antecedentes familiares de cáncer de mama, pueden realizase pruebes xenétiques pa determinar si esiste una mutación xenética hereditaria qu'aumente'l riesgu de desenvolver cáncer de mama.

8. Escaneos óseos, tomografíes computarizadas o tomografíes PET: Estes pruebes d'imaxe pueden realizase pa determinar si'l cáncer estendióse a otres partes del cuerpu.

Una vegada que se diagnostica un cáncer de mama, pueden realizase más pruebes pa determinar l'estadiu y grau del cáncer, lo que ayuda a orientar les decisiones de tratamientu.

['Referencies']

PubMed/Medline https://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/download/pubmed_medline.html

RefinedWeb https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.01116

Zahoor S, Lali IU, Khan MA, Javed K, Mehmood W: Breast Cancer Detection and Classification using Traditional Computer Vision Techniques: A Comprehensive Review. Curr Med Imaging. 2020, 16 (10): 1187-1200.

Dewar MA, Love N: Legal issues in managing breast disease. Postgrad Med. 1992, 92 (5): 137-40, 143-4, 149-51 passim.

Donepudi MS, Kondapalli K, Amos SJ, Venkanteshan P: Breast cancer statistics and markers. J Cancer Res Ther. , 10 (3): 506-11.

Sazuka T, Miyazawa Y, Tochigi T, Hirano A, Mori M, Kosugi C, Shuto K, Kasahara K, Hiroshima Y, Matsuo K, Tanaka K, Yamazaki K, Koda K, Matsubara H: [A Case of Rectal Metastasis from Breast Cancer Diagnosed Two Years after Surgery]. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho. 2017, 44 (12): 1254-1256.

Yan J, Liu Z, Du S, Li J, Ma L, Li L: Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer in the Precision Medicine Era. Methods Mol Biol. 2020, 2204 (): 53-61.

Cong J, Wei B, He Y, Yin Y, Zheng Y: A Selective Ensemble Classification Method Combining Mammography Images with Ultrasound Images for Breast Cancer Diagnosis. Comput Math Methods Med. 2017, 2017 (): 4896386.

Cui R, Wang C, Zhao Q, Wang Y, Li Y: Serum Carboxypeptidase N1 Serves as a Potential Biomarker Complementing CA15-3 for Breast Cancer. Anticancer Agents Med Chem. 2020, 20 (17): 2053-2065.

['Disclaimer: médicu']

['Esta páxina web tien como únicu propósitu educativu y informativu y nun constitúi un asesoramientu médicu nin un serviciu profesional.']

["La información proporcionada nun tien d'usase pa diagnosticar o tratar un problema de salú o enfermedá, y los que busquen asesoramientu médicu personal tienen de consultar a un médicu llicenciáu."]

['Por favor, note que la rede neuronal que xenera les respuestes a les entrugues ye especialmente inexacta cuando se trata de conteníu numéricu, por casu, el númberu de persones diagnosticáu con una enfermedá específica.']

["Siempre busque'l conseyu del so médicu o otru proveedor calificáu de salú tocantes a una condición médica. Nunca nun ignore'l conseyu médicu profesional o retrase en buscalo por cuenta de daqué que lleó nesta páxina web. Si cree que puede tener una emerxencia médica, llame al 911 o vaya a la sala d'emerxencia más cercana darréu. Nin esta páxina web nin el so usu crean una relación médicu-paciente. Nin BioMedLib nin los sos emplegaos, nin nengún collaborador d'esta páxina web, faen nenguna representación, espreso o implícitu, con respectu a la información proporcionada equí o al so usu."]

["Descargu de derechos d'autor"]

["La Digital Millennium Copyright Act de 1998, 17 U.S.C. § 512 (la DMCA) ufierta recursos a los propietarios de derechos d'autor que crean que'l material qu'apaez n'Internet infrinxe los sos derechos baxo la llei de derechos d'autor d'Estaos Xuníos. "]

["Si crees de bona fe que cualesquier conteníu o material disponible en relación col nuesu sitiu web o servicios infringe los tos drechos d'autor, tu (o'l to axente) puedes unviar una notificación pidiendo que'l conteníu o material seya esaniciáu o l'accesu bloquiáu."]

['Les notificaciones han unviase por escrito por corréu electrónicu (ver la sección "Contactos" pa la dirección de corréu electrónicu).']

["La DMCA riquir que la to notificación d'una supuesta infracción de drechos d'autor incluya la siguiente información: (1) descripción de la obra protexida que ye oxetu de la supuesta infracción; (2) descripción del conteníu supuestamente infractor y información abonda pa dexarnos atopar el conteníu; (3) información de contactu pa ti, incluyendo la to dirección, númberu de teléfonu y dirección de corréu electrónicu; (4) una declaración de bona fe de que tienes la convicción de que'l conteníu de la forma reclamada nun ta autorizáu pol propietariu de drechos d'autor, o'l so axente, o pola operación de cualesquier llei; "]

["5) una declaración, firmada por usté so pena de perxuriu, de que la información contenida na notificación ye esacta y de que ye autorizáu a facer efectivos los drechos d'autor que se consideren violaos;"]

["y (6) una firma física o electrónica del propietariu del copyright o d'una persona autorizada pa actuar nel so nome."]

['Si nun incluyes tola información anterior, pue que la tramitación de la to quexa retrase.']

['Contautu']

['Por favor, unvíenos un corréu electrónicu con cualesquier pregunta o suxerencia.']

How is breast cancer diagnosed?

Breast cancer is diagnosed through a combination of tests and procedures, which may include:

1. Clinical breast exam: A healthcare professional will examine the breasts for any lumps, changes in size or shape, or other abnormalities.

2. Mammogram: An x-ray of the breast that can detect abnormalities even before they can be felt.

3. Ultrasound: A test that uses sound waves to create an image of the breast tissue, which can help determine if a lump is solid or filled with fluid.

4. MRI: A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan uses a magnetic field and radio waves to create detailed images of the breast tissue.

5. Biopsy: A small sample of breast tissue is removed and examined under a microscope to determine if cancer cells are present.

6. Blood tests: Certain blood tests, such as a complete blood count or tumor markers, may be done to help determine the stage of the cancer or to monitor treatment.

7. Genetic testing: If there is a family history of breast cancer, genetic testing may be done to determine if there is an inherited gene mutation that increases the risk of developing breast cancer.

8. Bone scan, CT scan, or PET scan: These imaging tests may be done to determine if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.

Once a diagnosis of breast cancer is made, further tests may be done to determine the stage and grade of the cancer, which helps guide treatment decisions.

Disclaimer: medical

This web site is provided for educational and informational purposes only and does not constitute providing medical advice or professional services.

The information provided should not be used for diagnosing or treating a health problem or disease, and those seeking personal medical advice should consult with a licensed physician.

Please note the neural net that generates answers to the questions, is specially inaccurate when it comes to numeric content. For example, the number of people diagnosed with a specific disease.

Always seek the advice of your doctor or other qualified health provider regarding a medical condition. Never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read on this website. If you think you may have a medical emergency, call 911 or go to the nearest emergency room immediately. No physician-patient relationship is created by this web site or its use. Neither BioMedLib nor its employees, nor any contributor to this web site, makes any representations, express or implied, with respect to the information provided herein or to its use.

Disclaimer: copyright

The Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998, 17 U.S.C. § 512 (the “DMCA”) provides recourse for copyright owners who believe that material appearing on the Internet infringes their rights under U.S. copyright law. If you believe in good faith that any content or material made available in connection with our website or services infringes your copyright, you (or your agent) may send us a notice requesting that the content or material be removed, or access to it blocked. Notices must be sent in writing by email (see 'Contact' section for email address) . The DMCA requires that your notice of alleged copyright infringement include the following information: (1) description of the copyrighted work that is the subject of claimed infringement; (2) description of the alleged infringing content and information sufficient to permit us to locate the content; (3) contact information for you, including your address, telephone number and email address; (4) a statement by you that you have a good faith belief that the content in the manner complained of is not authorized by the copyright owner, or its agent, or by the operation of any law; (5) a statement by you, signed under penalty of perjury, that the information in the notification is accurate and that you have the authority to enforce the copyrights that are claimed to be infringed; and (6) a physical or electronic signature of the copyright owner or a person authorized to act on the copyright owner’s behalf. Failure to include all of the above information may result in the delay of the processing of your complaint.