5. Polusi udara: Paparan polusi udara sane sué, utaminnyané ring kota, minab nincapang baya kanker paru-paru.
6. Sejarah kulawarga: Sejarah kulawarga kanker paru-paru prasida nincapang risiko.
7. Sejarah pribadi penyakit paru-paru: Krama sane madue riwayat penyakit paru-paru sekadi penyakit paru-paru obstruktif kronis (PPOK) utawi tuberkulosis minab madue risiko nincap kanker paru-paru.
8. Umur: Risiko kanker paru-paru sayan nincap nganutin yusa, katahan kasus ring anak sané sampun lintang ring 65 warsa.
9. Jenis kelamin: Pria minab keni kanker paru-paru lewih akeh saking anak istri.
13. Genetika: Mutasi genetik tertentu prasida nincapang risiko kanker paru-paru.
Penting pisan mangda uning indik madué asiki utawi akéh faktor risiko puniki nénten ja maarti jadma pacang nglimbak kanker paru, miwah makudang-kudang anak sané nglimbak kanker paru minab nénten madué faktor risiko sané kauningin.
Nanging, ngirangin utawi ngindarin paparan faktor risiko puniki prasida ngirangin kemungkinan nglimbak kanker paru-paru.
Jin YJ, Tang W, Huang Y, Wang JW, Hou DH, Qi LL, Zhao SJ, Wu N: [Risk factors for lung cancer based on low-dose computed tomography screening]. Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi. 2020, 42 (3): 222-227.
Hosseini M, Naghan PA, Karimi S, SeyedAlinaghi S, Bahadori M, Khodadad K, Mohammadi F, Kaynama K, Keynama K, Masjedi MR: Environmental risk factors for lung cancer in Iran: a case-control study. Int J Epidemiol. 2009, 38 (4): 989-96.
Zhou X, Hu J, Zhang C, Zhan Y, Song Y, Fan W, Hu Z, Yang H, Yang Q, Wu D, Li F, Li D, Nie R: Clinical characteristics and risk factors for in-hospital mortality of lung cancer patients with COVID-19: A multicenter, retrospective, cohort study. Thorac Cancer. 2021, 12 (1): 57-65.
Liu X, Fan Y, Jiang Y, Xiang J, Wang J, Sun Z, Ren G, Yao S, Chang R, Zhao Y, Qiao Y, Zhou Q: [A cohort study on risk factors of lung cancer in Yunnan tin miners]. Zhongguo Fei Ai Za Zhi. 2013, 16 (4): 184-90.
Aoun J, Saleh N, Waked M, Salamé J, Salameh P: Lung cancer correlates in Lebanese adults: a pilot case--control study. J Epidemiol Glob Health. 2013, 3 (4): 235-44.
Chan-Yeung M, Koo LC, Ho JC, Tsang KW, Chau WS, Chiu SW, Ip MS, Lam WK: Risk factors associated with lung cancer in Hong Kong. Lung Cancer. 2003, 40 (2): 131-40.
['Pambébasan: médis']
['Situs web puniki wantah kaanggén genah malajah miwah informasi, nénten dados genah ngicénin piteket utawi layanan medis.']
['Gatra sane kawedar nenten dados kaanggen anggen nyelehin utawi ngubadin pikobet utawi penyakit kesehatan, lan anake sane ngrereh piteket medis pribadi patut matemu ring dokter sane madue lisensi.']
['Elingang yéning jaringan saraf sané ngasilang pasaur ring pitakén, nénten akurat yéning indiknyané indik angka.']
['Tulung ja nunas piteket saking dokter utawi dokter sane sampun kualifikasi indik kahanan medis. Sampunang ja ngutang piteket saking dokter utawi nunda piteket santukan wenten sane sampun kawacen ring situs puniki. Yening wenten pikobet medis, gelis hubungi 911 utawi ka ruang gawat darurat sane nampek.']
['Sanggahan: hak cipta']
['Digital Millennium Copyright Act saking warsa 1998, 17 U.S.C. § 512 (DMCA) ngicenin hak antuk sang sane maduwe hak cipta sane percaya materi sane wenten ring internet nglanggar hak ipun manut undang-undang hak cipta AS. ']
['Yening semeton pracaya antuk manah sane becik indik daging utawi bahan sane kasayagayang ring situs utawi layanan titiang mamurug hak cipta semeton, semeton (utawi agen) dados ngirimang gatra ring titiang nunas daging utawi bahan punika kaicalang, utawi akses ka blokir.']
['Pangumuman patut katur antuk surat utawi email (cingak bagian "Kontak" antuk alamat email).']
['DMCA ngarsayang mangda gatra indik pelanggaran hak cipta sane kaaduang madaging informasi sane kawedar: (1) deskripsi karya sane kacakup hak cipta sane kaaduang dados subyek pelanggaran; (2) deskripsi konten sane kaaduang nglanggar hak cipta lan informasi sane jangkep anggen iraga ngerereh konten punika; (3) informasi kontak ragane, rumasuk alamat, nomor telepon, miwah alamat email; (4) pernyataan ragane sane madasar antuk kapracayan sane becik indik konten sane kaaduang nenten kaicen wewenang olih sang sane maduwe hak cipta, utawi agennyane, utawi antuk hukum napi manten; ']
['(5) pernyataan saking ragane, sane katanda tanganin antuk hukuman sumpah palsu, indik informasi ring notifikasi punika akurat lan ragane madue wewenang antuk ngukuhang hak cipta sane kaucap sampun dilanggar; ']
['miwah (6) tanda tangan fisik utawi elektronik saking sang sane maduwe hak cipta utawi anak sane madue kuasa ngamargiang pakaryan saking sang sane maduwe hak cipta. ']
['Yening nenten ngranjingang makasami informasi ring ajeng prasida ngawinang penanganan keluhan sayan sué.']
['Kontak sareng']
['Tulung kirim email antuk pitaken/usulan.']
What are the risk factors for lung cancer?
The risk factors for lung cancer include:
1. Smoking: Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of lung cancer.
The risk increases with the number of cigarettes smoked per day and the number of years a person has smoked.
2. Secondhand smoke: Exposure to secondhand smoke can increase the risk of lung cancer in non-smokers.
3. Radon gas: Exposure to high levels of radon gas, a naturally occurring radioactive gas, can increase the risk of lung cancer.
4. Asbestos and other carcinogens: Exposure to asbestos, arsenic, chromium, nickel, soot, tar, and other substances can cause lung cancer.
5. Air pollution: Long-term exposure to air pollution, particularly in urban areas, may slightly increase the risk of lung cancer.
6. Family history: A family history of lung cancer may increase a person's risk.
7. Personal history of lung disease: People with a history of lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or tuberculosis may have an increased risk of lung cancer.
8. Age: The risk of lung cancer increases with age, with most cases occurring in people over the age of 65.
9. Gender: Men are more likely to develop lung cancer than women.
10. Radiation therapy: Previous radiation therapy to the chest for other cancers can increase the risk of lung cancer.
11. Diet: A diet low in fruits and vegetables may increase the risk of lung cancer.
12. Alcohol consumption: Heavy alcohol consumption may increase the risk of lung cancer.
13. Genetics: Certain genetic mutations may increase the risk of lung cancer.
It is important to note that having one or more of these risk factors does not necessarily mean a person will develop lung cancer, and some people who develop lung cancer may not have any known risk factors.
However, reducing or avoiding exposure to these risk factors can help lower the chances of developing lung cancer.
Disclaimer: medical
This web site is provided for educational and informational purposes only and does not constitute providing medical advice or professional services.
The information provided should not be used for diagnosing or treating a health problem or disease, and those seeking personal medical advice should consult with a licensed physician.
Please note the neural net that generates answers to the questions, is specially inaccurate when it comes to numeric content. For example, the number of people diagnosed with a specific disease.
Always seek the advice of your doctor or other qualified health provider regarding a medical condition. Never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read on this website. If you think you may have a medical emergency, call 911 or go to the nearest emergency room immediately. No physician-patient relationship is created by this web site or its use. Neither BioMedLib nor its employees, nor any contributor to this web site, makes any representations, express or implied, with respect to the information provided herein or to its use.
Disclaimer: copyright
The Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998, 17 U.S.C. § 512 (the “DMCA”) provides recourse for copyright owners who believe that material appearing on the Internet infringes their rights under U.S. copyright law. If you believe in good faith that any content or material made available in connection with our website or services infringes your copyright, you (or your agent) may send us a notice requesting that the content or material be removed, or access to it blocked. Notices must be sent in writing by email (see 'Contact' section for email address) . The DMCA requires that your notice of alleged copyright infringement include the following information: (1) description of the copyrighted work that is the subject of claimed infringement; (2) description of the alleged infringing content and information sufficient to permit us to locate the content; (3) contact information for you, including your address, telephone number and email address; (4) a statement by you that you have a good faith belief that the content in the manner complained of is not authorized by the copyright owner, or its agent, or by the operation of any law; (5) a statement by you, signed under penalty of perjury, that the information in the notification is accurate and that you have the authority to enforce the copyrights that are claimed to be infringed; and (6) a physical or electronic signature of the copyright owner or a person authorized to act on the copyright owner’s behalf. Failure to include all of the above information may result in the delay of the processing of your complaint.
