Urtikaria, jua dikenal sabagai gatal-gatal, adalah kondisi kulit nang ditandai lawan timbulnya bintik-bintik merah, gatal, wan bengkak di kulit.
kawa disababakan oleh bamacam faktor, tamasuk reaksi alergi, infeksi, wan obat-obatan tartantu.
Mendiagnosis urtikaria melibatkan kombinasi riwayat medis, pemeriksaan fisik, dan kadang-kadang tes laboratorium.
1. Riwayat medis: Dokter akan menanyakan riwayat medis pasien, termasuk alergi nang diketahui, penyakit hanyar, wan obat nang diminum.
Buhannya jua akan batakun tentang timbulnya gejala, lamanya gejala, wan apa haja nang bisa manyababakan.
2. Pemeriksaan fisik: Dokter akan memeriksa kulit apakah ada bekas luka, ukurannya, dan distribusinya.
Buhannya kawa jua memeriksa tanda-tanda lain matan reaksi alergi, kaya bengkaknya wajah, bibir, atawa lidah.
3. Tes laboratorium: Dalam babarapa kasus, dokter kawa manyuruh tes darah gasan memeriksa adanya alergi atawa infeksi.
tes kulit, nang kaya tes tusukan kulit atawa tes tambalan, kawa jua digawi gasan mengidentifikasi alergen spesifik.
4. Tes alergi: Amun dokter curiga reaksi alergi, inya kawa marujuk pasien ka ahli alergi gasan tes labih lanjut.
Ini mungkin termasuk tes tusukan kulit, tes tambalan, atawa tes darah gasan mengidentifikasi alergen spesifik.
5. Diagnosis diferensial: Dokter jua akan mempertimbangkan kemungkinan penyebab lain dari gejala, seperti kondisi kulit lain atau kondisi medis yang mendasarinya, dan mungkin memerintahkan tes tambahan untuk mengesampingkannya.
6. Tes provokasi: Dalam kasus urtikaria fisik, di mana gatal-gatal dipicu oleh rangsangan fisik kaya panas, dingin, atau tekanan, dokter mungkin melakukan tes provokasi gasan mengkonfirmasi diagnosis.
Ngini malibatakan maekspos kulit ka pemicu nang dicurigai gasan malihat apakah reaksi tajadi.
7. Tes autoimun: Dalam kasus urtikaria kronis, dokter mungkin memerintahkan tes untuk memeriksa kelainan autoimun, karena ini kadang-kadang dapat menyebabkan kondisi tersebut.
8. tes pencitraan: Dalam kasus nang jarang, tes pencitraan kaya sinar-X atau CT scan mungkin disuruh gasan mengesampingkan kondisi lain nang mungkin menyebabkan gejala nang sama.
Secara umum, mendiagnosis urtikaria malibatakan kombinasi riwayat medis, pemeriksaan fisik, wan kadang-kadang tes laboratorium.
Tujuan utamanya adalah gasan mengidentifikasi penyebab nang mendasari lawan menentukan perawatan nang paling baik gasan pasien.
Torabi B, Ben-Shoshan M: The association of cholinergic and cold-induced urticaria: diagnosis and management. BMJ Case Rep. 2015, 2015 (): .
Schoepke N, Doumoulakis G, Maurer M: Diagnosis of urticaria. Indian J Dermatol. 2013, 58 (3): 211-8.
Hochstadter EF, Ben-Shoshan M: Cold-induced urticaria: challenges in diagnosis and management. BMJ Case Rep. 2013, 2013 (): .
Ensina LF, Brandão LS, Neto HC, Ben-Shoshan M: Urticaria and angioedema in children and adolescents: diagnostic challenge. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2022, 50 (S Pt 1): 17-29.
Silvestre Salvador JF, Giménez-Arnau AM, Gómez de la Fuente E, González Del Castillo J, Martínez Virto AM, Miguens Blanco I, Serra-Baldrich E, Llorens P: Managing urticaria in the emergency department: recommendations of a multidisciplinary expert panel. Emergencias. 2021, 33 (4): 299-308.
Visitsuntorn N, Tuchinda M, Arunyanark N, Kerdsomnuk S: Ice cube test in children with cold urticaria. Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol. 1992, 10 (2): 111-5.
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How is urticaria diagnosed?
Urticaria, also known as hives, is a skin condition characterized by the appearance of red, itchy, and swollen welts on the skin.
It can be caused by a variety of factors, including allergic reactions, infections, and certain medications.
Diagnosing urticaria involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and sometimes laboratory tests.
1. Medical history: The doctor will ask about the patient's medical history, including any known allergies, recent illnesses, and medications taken.
They will also inquire about the onset of symptoms, their duration, and any potential triggers.
2. Physical examination: The doctor will examine the skin for the presence of welts, their size, and distribution.
They may also check for other signs of an allergic reaction, such as swelling of the face, lips, or tongue.
3. Laboratory tests: In some cases, the doctor may order blood tests to check for the presence of allergies or infections.
Skin tests, such as a skin prick test or patch test, may also be performed to identify specific allergens.
4. Allergy tests: If the doctor suspects an allergic reaction, they may refer the patient to an allergist for further testing.
This may include skin prick tests, patch tests, or blood tests to identify specific allergens.
5. Differential diagnosis: The doctor will also consider other possible causes of the symptoms, such as other skin conditions or underlying medical conditions, and may order additional tests to rule these out.
6. Provocation tests: In cases of physical urticaria, where the hives are triggered by physical stimuli such as heat, cold, or pressure, the doctor may perform a provocation test to confirm the diagnosis.
This involves exposing the skin to the suspected trigger to see if a reaction occurs.
7. Autoimmune tests: In cases of chronic urticaria, the doctor may order tests to check for autoimmune disorders, as these can sometimes cause the condition.
8. Imaging tests: In rare cases, imaging tests such as an X-ray or CT scan may be ordered to rule out other conditions that may cause similar symptoms.
Overall, diagnosing urticaria involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and sometimes laboratory tests.
The goal is to identify the underlying cause and determine the best course of treatment for the patient.
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