How is Lung cancer diagnosed?

Sut mae canser yr ysgyfaint yn cael ei ddiagnosio?

Mae canser yr ysgyfaint yn cael ei ddiagnosio trwy gyfuniad o brofion a gweithdrefnau, a all gynnwys:

1. Hanes Feddygol ac Archwiliad Corfforol: Bydd y meddyg yn gofyn am eich symptomau, hanes ysmygu, a hanes teuluol o ganser yr ysgyfaint.

Byddant hefyd yn cynnal archwiliad corfforol i wirio am unrhyw arwyddion o'r clefyd.

2. Profion delweddu: Defnyddir X-ray'r frest a sganiadau tomograffiaeth gyfrifiadurol (CT) yn gyffredin i greu delweddau manwl o'r ysgyfaint a'r strwythurau cyfagos.

Gall y profion hyn helpu i ganfod anghysondebau, fel tiwmorau neu nodwlau, a allai ddangos presenoldeb canser yr ysgyfaint.

3. Cytoleg sputum: Mae sampl o'ch sputum (mucus sy'n coughed i fyny o'r ysgyfaint) yn cael ei archwilio o dan microsgop i chwilio am gelloedd canser.

4. Biopsi: Tynnir sampl o meinwe'r ysgyfaint a'i archwilio o dan microsgop i benderfynu a oes celloedd canser yn bresennol.

Gellir gwneud hyn trwy bronchosgopi, biopsia gwydr, neu biopsia llawfeddygol.

5. Bronchosgopi: Mae tiwb tenau, golau gyda camera yn cael ei roi drwy'r trwyn neu'r geg ac i lawr y gwddf i archwilio'r llwybrau anadlu a'r ysgyfaint.

Gellir defnyddio'r weithdrefn hon hefyd i gasglu samplau meinwe ar gyfer biopsia.

6. Aspirasiwn gwydr cain (FNA): Mae gwydr cain yn cael ei roi i mewn i'r nodwl neu'r màs ysgyfaint i gasglu sampl o gelloedd i'w archwilio.

7. Thoracentesis: Mae hylif yn cael ei dynnu o'r gofod rhwng yr ysgyfaint a wal y frest gan ddefnyddio gwyn, ac yna mae'r hylif yn cael ei archwilio am gelloedd canser.

8. profion gwaed: Er na all profion gwaed eu hunain ddiagnosio canser yr ysgyfaint, gallant helpu i benderfynu ar iechyd cyffredinol y claf a nodi unrhyw anghysondebau a allai ddangos presenoldeb canser.

9. Sganio esgyrn, MRI, sganio anifeiliaid anwes, a profion eraill: Gellir defnyddio'r profion hyn i benderfynu a yw'r canser wedi lledaenu i rannau eraill o'r corff.

Ar ôl i ganser yr ysgyfaint gael ei ddiagnosio, gall profion ychwanegol gael eu gwneud i bennu cam y ganser, sy'n helpu i arwain penderfyniadau triniaeth.

Gall y profion hyn gynnwys mwy o brofion delweddu, fel sganio CT o'r ymennydd, sganio esgyrn, neu sganio tomograffeg allyriad positron (PET).

Cyfeiriadau

PubMed/Medline https://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/download/pubmed_medline.html

RefinedWeb https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.01116

Zhou P, Lu F, Wang J, Wang K, Liu B, Li N, Tang B: A portable point-of-care testing system to diagnose lung cancer through the detection of exosomal miRNA in urine and saliva. Chem Commun (Camb). 2020, 56 (63): 8968-8971.

Ni J, Guo Z, Zhang L: [The diagnostic significance of single or combination lung cancer-related serum biomarkers in high risk lung cancer patients]. Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi. 2016, 55 (1): 25-30.

Nishiyama N, Nakatani S, Iwasa R, Taguchi S, Inoue K, Kinoshita H: [Differential diagnosis between peripheral lung cancer invading the chest wall and chest-wall tumors]. Kyobu Geka. 1997, 50 (10): 893-7.

Kang C, Wang D, Zhang X, Wang L, Wang F, Chen J: Construction and Validation of a Lung Cancer Diagnostic Model Based on 6-Gene Methylation Frequency in Blood, Clinical Features, and Serum Tumor Markers. Comput Math Methods Med. 2021, 2021 (): 9987067.

Heydari F, Rafsanjani MK: A Review on Lung Cancer Diagnosis Using Data Mining Algorithms. Curr Med Imaging. 2021, 17 (1): 16-26.

Li L, Feng T, Zhang W, Gao S, Wang R, Lv W, Zhu T, Yu H, Qian B: MicroRNA Biomarker hsa-miR-195-5p for Detecting the Risk of Lung Cancer. Int J Genomics. 2020, 2020 (): 7415909.

Li B, Yuan Q, Zou YT, Su T, Lin Q, Zhang YQ, Shi WQ, Liang RB, Ge QM, Li QY, Shao Y: CA-125, CA-153, and CYFRA21-1 as clinical indicators in male lung cancer with ocular metastasis. J Cancer. 2020, 11 (10): 2730-2736.

Magee ND, Villaumie JS, Marple ET, Ennis M, Elborn JS, McGarvey JJ: Ex vivo diagnosis of lung cancer using a Raman miniprobe. J Phys Chem B. 2009, 113 (23): 8137-41.

Gwaharddiad cyfrifoldeb: meddygol

Mae'r wefan hon yn cael ei ddarparu at ddibenion addysgol a gwybodaeth yn unig ac nid yw'n darparu cyngor meddygol neu wasanaethau proffesiynol.

Ni ddylid defnyddio'r wybodaeth a ddarperir i ddiagnosio neu drin broblem neu glefyd iechyd, a dylai'r rhai sy'n ceisio cyngor meddygol personol ymgynghori â meddyg trwyddedig.

Sylwch fod y rhwydwaith niwrol sy'n cynhyrchu atebion i'r cwestiynau, yn arbennig o anghywir pan ddaw i gynnwys rhifol. Er enghraifft, nifer y bobl sy'n cael diagnosis o glefyd penodol.

Ceisiwch gyngor eich meddyg neu ddarparwr iechyd cymwys arall bob amser ynghylch cyflwr meddygol. Peidiwch byth ag anwybyddu cyngor meddygol proffesiynol neu ohirio ei geisio oherwydd rhywbeth rydych chi wedi ei ddarllen ar y wefan hon. Os ydych chi'n meddwl y gallai fod gennych argyfwng meddygol, ffonwch 911 neu ewch i'r ystafell brys agosaf ar unwaith. Nid oes unrhyw berthynas meddyg-cleifion yn cael ei greu gan y wefan hon na'i ddefnydd. Nid yw BioMedLib na'i weithwyr, na unrhyw gyfrannwr i'r wefan hon, yn gwneud unrhyw gynrychiolaeth, yn glir neu'n awgrymol, mewn perthynas â'r wybodaeth a ddarperir yma na'i ddefnydd.

Gwrthod cyfrifoldeb: hawlfraint

Mae Deddf Hawlfraint y Mileniwm Digidol o 1998, 17 U.S.C. § 512 (y DMCA) yn darparu adnodd i berchnogion hawlfraint sy'n credu bod deunydd sy'n ymddangos ar y Rhyngrwyd yn torri eu hawliau o dan gyfraith hawlfraint yr Unol Daleithiau.

Os ydych chi'n credu mewn ffydd da bod unrhyw gynnwys neu ddeunydd a wnaed ar gael mewn cysylltiad â'n gwefan neu'n gwasanaethau yn torri eich hawlfraint, gallwch chi (neu'ch asiant) anfon hysbysiad atom yn gofyn i'r cynnwys neu'r ddeunydd gael ei ddileu, neu fod mynediad ato wedi'i rwystro.

Rhaid i rybuddion gael eu hanfon yn ysgrifenedig trwy e-bost (gweler adran "Cyflwyniad" am gyfeiriad e-bost).

Mae'r DMCA yn gofyn i'ch hysbysiad o dorri hawlfraint honedig gynnwys y wybodaeth ganlynol: (1) disgrifiad o'r gwaith hawlfraint sy'n destun y dorri hawlfraint honedig; (2) disgrifiad o'r cynnwys sy'n dorri hawlfraint honedig a gwybodaeth ddigonol i'n galluogi i ddod o hyd i'r cynnwys; (3) gwybodaeth gyswllt i chi, gan gynnwys eich cyfeiriad, rhif ffôn a chyfeiriad e-bost; (4) datganiad gan chi bod gennych gred ffyddlon nad yw'r cynnwys yn y ffordd sy'n cwyno amdano wedi'i awdurdodi gan berchennog yr hawlfraint, neu ei asiant, neu gan weithredu unrhyw gyfraith;

(5) datganiad gennych chi, wedi'i lofnodi o dan gosb llygredd, bod y wybodaeth yn y hysbysiad yn gywir ac bod gennych chi'r awdurdod i orfodi'r hawlfraint sy'n cael eu troseddu;

a (6) llofnod corfforol neu electronig o berchennog y hawlfraint neu berson wedi'i awdurdodi i weithredu ar ran perchennog y hawlfraint.

Gall methu â chynnwys yr holl wybodaeth uchod arwain at oedi wrth brosesu'ch cwyn.

Cysylltwch

Anfonwch e-bost i ni gyda unrhyw gwestiwn / awgrym.

How is lung cancer diagnosed?

Lung cancer is diagnosed through a combination of tests and procedures, which may include:

1. Medical history and physical examination: The doctor will ask about your symptoms, smoking history, and family history of lung cancer.

They will also perform a physical examination to check for any signs of the disease.

2. Imaging tests: Chest X-rays and computed tomography (CT) scans are commonly used to create detailed images of the lungs and surrounding structures.

These tests can help detect abnormalities, such as tumors or nodules, that may indicate the presence of lung cancer.

3. Sputum cytology: A sample of your sputum (mucus coughed up from the lungs) is examined under a microscope to look for cancer cells.

4. Biopsy: A sample of lung tissue is removed and examined under a microscope to determine if cancer cells are present.

This can be done through a bronchoscopy, needle biopsy, or surgical biopsy.

5. Bronchoscopy: A thin, lighted tube with a camera is inserted through the nose or mouth and down the throat to examine the airways and lungs.

This procedure can also be used to collect tissue samples for biopsy.

6. Fine-needle aspiration (FNA): A thin needle is inserted into the lung nodule or mass to collect a sample of cells for examination.

7. Thoracentesis: Fluid is removed from the space between the lungs and chest wall using a needle, and the fluid is then examined for cancer cells.

8. Blood tests: While blood tests alone cannot diagnose lung cancer, they can help determine the overall health of the patient and identify any abnormalities that may indicate the presence of cancer.

9. Bone scan, mri, pet scan, and other tests: These tests may be used to determine if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.

Once lung cancer is diagnosed, additional tests may be performed to determine the stage of the cancer, which helps guide treatment decisions.

These tests may include more imaging tests, such as a CT scan of the brain, bone scan, or positron emission tomography (PET) scan.

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