Bróstkrabbi verður staðfestur við eini røð av kanningum og kanningarháttum, sum kunnu vera:
1. Klinisk bróstkanning: Ein lækni kannar bróstini fyri at vita, um tey eru klombrut, hava broytt stødd ella skap ella hava aðrar skeivleikar.
2. Mammografi: Ein røntgenmynd av bróstinum, sum kann vísa á brek, áðrenn tey merkjast.
3. Ultraljóðskanning: Við at nýta ljóðbylgjur ber til at fáa mynd av bróstvevnaðinum, og tað kann vera við til at staðfesta, um ein klumpur er fastur ella fyltur við vætu.
4. MR-skanning: Við MR-skanningini verða eitt magnetfelt og radiobylgjur nýttar til at gera nágreiniligar myndir av bróstvevnaðinum.
5. Biopsi: Eitt lítið brot av bróstvevnaði verður tikið og kannað við mikroskopi fyri at vita, um krabbameinsfrumur eru í.
6. Blóðroyndir: Ávísar blóðroyndir, sum til dømis blóðroyndir ella krabbameinskanningar, kunnu verða gjørdar fyri at staðfesta, hvussu langt krabbamein er komið, ella fyri at fylgja viðgerðini.
7. Genroyndir: Er bróstkrabbi í familjuni, kann ein verða kannaður fyri at vita, um ein hevur arvað eina genbroyting, sum økir um vandan fyri at fáa bróstkrabba.
8. Bein-skanning, CT-skanning ella PET-skanning: Hesar myndatøkurnar kunnu verða gjørdar fyri at kanna, um krabbamein hevur breitt seg til onnur kropslutir.
Tá ið staðfest er, at ein hevur bróstkrabba, verða kanningar gjørdar fyri at vita, hvussu langt sjúkan er komin, og hvussu álvarslig hon er.
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Dewar MA, Love N: Legal issues in managing breast disease. Postgrad Med. 1992, 92 (5): 137-40, 143-4, 149-51 passim.
Donepudi MS, Kondapalli K, Amos SJ, Venkanteshan P: Breast cancer statistics and markers. J Cancer Res Ther. , 10 (3): 506-11.
Sazuka T, Miyazawa Y, Tochigi T, Hirano A, Mori M, Kosugi C, Shuto K, Kasahara K, Hiroshima Y, Matsuo K, Tanaka K, Yamazaki K, Koda K, Matsubara H: [A Case of Rectal Metastasis from Breast Cancer Diagnosed Two Years after Surgery]. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho. 2017, 44 (12): 1254-1256.
Yan J, Liu Z, Du S, Li J, Ma L, Li L: Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer in the Precision Medicine Era. Methods Mol Biol. 2020, 2204 (): 53-61.
Cong J, Wei B, He Y, Yin Y, Zheng Y: A Selective Ensemble Classification Method Combining Mammography Images with Ultrasound Images for Breast Cancer Diagnosis. Comput Math Methods Med. 2017, 2017 (): 4896386.
Cui R, Wang C, Zhao Q, Wang Y, Li Y: Serum Carboxypeptidase N1 Serves as a Potential Biomarker Complementing CA15-3 for Breast Cancer. Anticancer Agents Med Chem. 2020, 20 (17): 2053-2065.
['Avsakan: sjúkuviðurskifti']
['Henda heimasíðan er bert til undirvísingar og kunningar og er ikki ætlað sum læknalig ráðgeving ella faklig tænasta.']
['Upplýsingarnar eiga ikki at verða nýttar til at staðfesta ella viðgera nakran heilsutrupulleika ella sjúku, og tey, sum ynskja persónliga læknahjálp, eiga at venda sær til ein autoriseraðan lækna.']
['Gev gætur, at tað neuronala netið, sum gevur svar uppá spurningarnar, er serliga skeivt, tá ið talan er um talgilda innihaldið, t.d. talið av fólki, sum hava fingið staðfest eina ávísa sjúku.']
['Spyr altíð læknan ella annan skikkaðan heilsuhjálpara um ráðgeving í sambandi við sjúku. Vanvirð ongantíð professionella læknaráðgeving ella drála við at leita eftir henni vegna okkurt, tú hevur lisið á hesi heimasíðu.']
['Avsakan: upphavsrættur']
['Digital Millennium Copyright Act frá 1998, 17 U.S.C. § 512 (DMCA) gevur rætt til at kæra til rættindahavarar, sum halda, at tilfar, sum kemur á internetið, brýtur teirra rættindi sambært amerikanskum lógum um upphavsrætt. ']
['Um tú í góðari trúgv heldur, at eitthvørt innihald ella tilfar, sum er gjørt tøkt í sambandi við okkara heimasíðu ella tænastur, brýtur tíni upphavsrættindi, kanst tú (ella tín umboðsmaður) senda okkum eina fráboðan, har tú biður um, at innihaldið ella tilfarið verður tikið burtur ella atgongdin til tað verður sperrað.']
['Tilmeldingarnar skulu verða skrivligar við telduposti (sí "Kontakt" fyri teldupostadressu).']
['DMCA krevur, at fráboðan um meint brot á upphavsrættin skal innihalda hesar upplýsingar: (1) lýsing av tí upphavsrættarliga verkinum, sum talan er um, (2) lýsing av tí meinta brot á upphavsrættin og upplýsingar, sum eru nøktandi til at vit kunnu finna innihaldið (3) upplýsingar um teg, t.d. tín bústað, telefonnummar og teldupostbústað (4) eina váttan frá tær um, at tú í góðari trúgv heldur, at innihaldið, sum tú klagar um, ikki er loyvt av rættindahavanum ella umboði hansara ella sambært lóggávu']
['5) eina váttan frá tær, undirskrivað undir revsing fyri lygi, um, at upplýsingarnar í fráboðanini eru rættar, og at tú hevur heimild at gera galdandi upphavsrættin, sum verður hildin at vera brotin,']
['og 6) fysiska ella elektroniska undirskrift hjá rættindahavara ella persóni, sum hevur loyvi at virka fyri rættindahavara.']
['Um tú ikki hevur upplýst allar omanfyri nevndu upplýsingar, kann tað hava við sær, at viðgerðin av klaguni verður seinkað.']
['Set teg í samband við']
['Vinarliga send okkum ein teldupost við einum hvørjum spurningi/uppskoti.']
How is breast cancer diagnosed?
Breast cancer is diagnosed through a combination of tests and procedures, which may include:
1. Clinical breast exam: A healthcare professional will examine the breasts for any lumps, changes in size or shape, or other abnormalities.
2. Mammogram: An x-ray of the breast that can detect abnormalities even before they can be felt.
3. Ultrasound: A test that uses sound waves to create an image of the breast tissue, which can help determine if a lump is solid or filled with fluid.
4. MRI: A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan uses a magnetic field and radio waves to create detailed images of the breast tissue.
5. Biopsy: A small sample of breast tissue is removed and examined under a microscope to determine if cancer cells are present.
6. Blood tests: Certain blood tests, such as a complete blood count or tumor markers, may be done to help determine the stage of the cancer or to monitor treatment.
7. Genetic testing: If there is a family history of breast cancer, genetic testing may be done to determine if there is an inherited gene mutation that increases the risk of developing breast cancer.
8. Bone scan, CT scan, or PET scan: These imaging tests may be done to determine if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.
Once a diagnosis of breast cancer is made, further tests may be done to determine the stage and grade of the cancer, which helps guide treatment decisions.
Disclaimer: medical
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Please note the neural net that generates answers to the questions, is specially inaccurate when it comes to numeric content. For example, the number of people diagnosed with a specific disease.
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['Umleið']
['BioMedLib nýtir sjálvvirkandi teldur (maskinlæringaralgoritmur) til at gera spurningar og svar.']
['Vit byrja við 35 milliónum av biomedicinskum útgávum frá PubMed/Medline. eisini heimasíðum frá RefinedWeb.']
