Prostatakrabba verður staðfest við eini røð av kanningum og kanningarháttum, sum kunnu vera:
1. Digitalt rektalt kanningararbeiði (DRE): Læknin stingur ein smurdan fingur í ein handska inn í rektalin fyri at kanna prostata fyri møguligar skeivleikar.
2. Prostata-specific antigen (PSA) test: Hetta er ein blóðroynd, sum mátar PSA-virðið, sum er eitt protein, sum prostata framleiðir.
Eitt høgt PSA-virði kann benda á, at ein hevur prostatakrabba.
3. Transrektal ultraljóðmynd (TRUS): Ein lítil roynd verður sett inn í rektumið fyri at gera eina mynd av prostata við ljóðbylgjum.
Hetta kann hjálpa til at staðfesta møguligar skeivleikar í prostata.
4. Biopsi: Eitt lítið brot av prostatavevnaði verður tikið og kannað við mikroskopi fyri at kanna, um tað eru krabbameinsfrumur í.
Hetta er einasti tryggi mátin at staðfesta prostatakrabba.
5. Magnetisk resonansavmynding (MRI): Ein MRI-skanning av prostata kann hjálpa til at staðfesta møguligar skeivleikar og vera vegleiðandi fyri biopsiviðgerðina.
6. Genomkanningar: Summir læknar kanna genom fyri at kanna, hvussu álvarslig krabbamein er, og fyri at taka avgerðir um viðgerð.
7. Bein-skanning: Ein bein-skanning kann verða gjørd fyri at kanna, um krabbamein hevur breitt seg til beinini.
8. CT-skanning: CT-skanning kann verða nýtt til at kanna, um krabbamein hevur breitt seg til onnur ílegur ella vevnað.
Tað er týdningarmikið at leggja til merkis, at ikki allir menn við høgum PSA- virðum ella óvanligum DRE- úrslitum hava prostatakrabba, og ikki allir prostatakrabbar hava høgt PSA- virði.
Tí er neyðugt at taka lívroynd fyri at staðfesta diagnosuna.
Avgerðin um at lata seg kanna við eini lívroynd verður eisini tikin eftir at hava hugt at úrslitunum av hesum kanningum og eftir, hvørjir vandatættir og hvørji ynski viðkomandi hevur.
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Marenco J, Kasivisvanathan V, Emberton M: New standards in prostate biopsy. Arch Esp Urol. 2019, 72 (2): 142-149.
Moradi M, Mousavi P, Abolmaesumi P: Computer-aided diagnosis of prostate cancer with emphasis on ultrasound-based approaches: a review. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2007, 33 (7): 1010-28.
Cuperlovic-Culf M, Belacel N, Davey M, Ouellette RJ: Multi-gene biomarker panel for reference free prostate cancer diagnosis: determination and independent validation. Biomarkers. 2010, 15 (8): 693-706.
McGrath SE, Michael A, Morgan R, Pandha H: EN2: a novel prostate cancer biomarker. Biomark Med. 2013, 7 (6): 893-901.
An Y, Chang W, Wang W, Wu H, Pu K, Wu A, Qin Z, Tao Y, Yue Z, Wang P, Wang Z: A novel tetrapeptide fluorescence sensor for early diagnosis of prostate cancer based on imaging Zn2+ in healthy versus cancerous cells. J Adv Res. 2020, 24 (): 363-370.
[Consensus of Chinese experts on the application of molecular imaging targeting prostate specific membrane antigen in prostate cancer patients]. Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2018, 56 (2): 91-94.
Zhong WD, He HC, Bi XC, Ou RB, Jiang SA, Liu LS: cDNA macroarray for analysis of gene expression profiles in prostate cancer. Chin Med J (Engl). 2006, 119 (7): 570-3.
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How is prostate cancer diagnosed?
Prostate cancer is diagnosed through a combination of tests and procedures, which may include:
1. Digital Rectal Exam (DRE): A doctor inserts a gloved, lubricated finger into the rectum to feel the prostate for any abnormalities.
2. Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Test: This is a blood test that measures the level of PSA, a protein produced by the prostate gland.
Elevated PSA levels may indicate the presence of prostate cancer.
3. Transrectal Ultrasound (TRUS): A small probe is inserted into the rectum to create an image of the prostate using sound waves.
This can help identify any abnormalities in the prostate gland.
4. Biopsy: A small sample of prostate tissue is removed and examined under a microscope for the presence of cancer cells.
This is the only definitive way to diagnose prostate cancer.
5. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): An MRI scan of the prostate can help identify any abnormalities and guide the biopsy procedure.
6. Genomic Testing: Some doctors may use genomic tests to help determine the aggressiveness of the cancer and guide treatment decisions.
7. Bone Scan: A bone scan may be performed to check if the cancer has spread to the bones.
8. Computed Tomography (CT) Scan: A CT scan may be used to check if the cancer has spread to other organs or tissues.
It is important to note that not all men with elevated PSA levels or abnormal DRE results will have prostate cancer, and not all prostate cancers will cause elevated PSA levels.
Therefore, a biopsy is necessary to confirm the diagnosis.
Additionally, the decision to undergo a biopsy is made after considering the results of these tests and the individual's risk factors and preferences.
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