Patofysiologiin hjá prostatakrabba vísir til teir undirliggjandi mekanismurnar og prosessirnar, sum føra til menning og framgongd av sjúkuni.
Prostatakrabbi er ein illkynjaður vøkstur, sum tekur seg upp í kyknunum í prostatakirtlinum, sum er eitt lítið, valnøtalagað ílegubýti, sum er undir bløðrubruna hjá monnum.
Prostata framleiðir sáð, sum føðir og flytur sáðkyknurnar.
Tað er ikki heilt greitt, hvør orsøkin til prostatakrabba er, men fleiri viðurskifti eru kend fyri at økja um vandan fyri at fáa sjúkuna.
Hetta fevnir um aldur, familjusøgu, rasu og ávísar genetiskar broytingar.
Prostatakrabba er vanligari hjá eldri monnum, og tey flestu tilburðirnir eru hjá monnum yvir 65 ár.
Eisini eru menn í familjuni, sum hava havt prostatakrabba, í størri vanda fyri at fáa sjúkuna, og tað eru eisini afroamerikanarar og menn av karibiskum uppruna.
Patofysiologiin hjá prostatakrabba snýr seg um óstýrda vøkstur og býti av kyknum í prostatakirtlinum.
Hetta kann koma av genetiskum mutatiónum, sum elva til ovurvirkni av ávísum vakstrarfaktorum ella inaktivering av evnum, sum basa krabbameini.
Hesar broytingar kunnu hava við sær óregulerandi vøkstur av kyknum, sum førir til, at ein kyknabólkur verður til.
Tá ið svullurin veksur, kann hann gera seg inn á nærliggjandi vøddar og ílegur, so sum bløðru, endavødd og nærliggjandi lymfknøttar.
Í summum førum kunnu krabbameinsfrumur bróta frá tí primera svullinum og spreiða seg til onnur partar av kroppinum gjøgnum blóðrásina ella lymfakervið, ein gongd, ið verður nevnd metastasur.
Tá ið krabbamein hevur breitt seg, kann tað vera truplari at viðgera.
Prostatakrabba kann eisini ávirkast av hormonellum faktorum, serliga androgen hormoninum testosteron.
Testosteron kann stimbra vøksturin av prostatakrabbasellum, og nógvar viðgerðir móti prostatakrabba hava til endamáls at minka um mongdina av hesum hormoninum ella at steðga ávirkanini av tí.
Samanumtikið kann sigast, at patofysiologiin í prostatakrabba snýr seg um óstýrd vøkstur og býti av kyknum í prostatakirtlinum, sum kann ávirkast av genetiskum, hormonellum og umhvørvisligum faktorum.
At skilja, hvussu sjúkan virkar, er avgerandi fyri at menna effektivar viðgerðir og betra um úrslitini hjá sjúklingum við prostatakrabba.
Zobniw CM, Causebrook A, Fong MK: Clinical use of abiraterone in the treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Res Rep Urol. 2014, 6 (): 97-105.
Lim HY, Agarwal AM, Agarwal N, Ward JH: Recurrent epistaxis as a presenting sign of androgen-sensitive metastatic prostate cancer. Singapore Med J. 2009, 50 (5): e178-80.
Kohli M, Qin R, Jimenez R, Dehm SM: Biomarker-based targeting of the androgen-androgen receptor axis in advanced prostate cancer. Adv Urol. 2012, 2012 (): 781459.
Nelson JB, Hedican SP, George DJ, Reddi AH, Piantadosi S, Eisenberger MA, Simons JW: Identification of endothelin-1 in the pathophysiology of metastatic adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Nat Med. 1995, 1 (9): 944-9.
Msaouel P, Nandikolla G, Pneumaticos SG, Koutsilieris M: Bone microenvironment-targeted manipulations for the treatment of osteoblastic metastasis in castration-resistant prostate cancer. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2013, 22 (11): 1385-400.
Kotani K, Sekine Y, Ishikawa S, Ikpot IZ, Suzuki K, Remaley AT: High-density lipoprotein and prostate cancer: an overview. J Epidemiol. 2013, 23 (5): 313-9.
Jadvar H: Molecular imaging of prostate cancer: a concise synopsis. Mol Imaging. , 8 (2): 56-64.
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['og 6) fysiska ella elektroniska undirskrift hjá rættindahavara ella persóni, sum hevur loyvi at virka fyri rættindahavara.']
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What is pathophysiology of prostate cancer?
The pathophysiology of prostate cancer refers to the underlying mechanisms and processes that lead to the development and progression of the disease.
Prostate cancer is a malignant tumor that arises from the cells of the prostate gland, which is a small, walnut-shaped organ located below the bladder in men.
The prostate gland produces seminal fluid, which nourishes and transports sperm.
The exact cause of prostate cancer is not fully understood, but several factors are known to increase the risk of developing the disease.
These include age, family history, race, and certain genetic mutations.
Prostate cancer is more common in older men, with the majority of cases occurring in men over the age of 65.
Additionally, men with a family history of prostate cancer are at an increased risk, as are African American men and men of Caribbean descent.
The pathophysiology of prostate cancer involves the uncontrolled growth and division of cells within the prostate gland.
This can occur due to genetic mutations that lead to the overexpression of certain growth factors or the inactivation of tumor suppressor genes.
These mutations can result in the unregulated growth of cells, leading to the formation of a tumor.
As the tumor grows, it can invade nearby tissues and organs, such as the bladder, rectum, and nearby lymph nodes.
In some cases, cancer cells can break away from the primary tumor and spread to other parts of the body through the bloodstream or lymphatic system, a process known as metastasis.
Once the cancer has spread, it can be more difficult to treat.
Prostate cancer can also be influenced by hormonal factors, particularly the androgen hormone testosterone.
Testosterone can stimulate the growth of prostate cancer cells, and many treatments for prostate cancer aim to reduce the levels of this hormone or block its effects.
In summary, the pathophysiology of prostate cancer involves the uncontrolled growth and division of cells within the prostate gland, which can be influenced by genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors.
Understanding the underlying mechanisms of the disease is crucial for developing effective treatments and improving outcomes for patients with prostate cancer.
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