Patofysiologiin í hjartasteðgi, eisini kendur sum myocardial infarction, hevur við sær, at blóðrenslið til ein part av hjartamuskuni verður órógvað, og tað førir til deyða av hjartakyknum.
Hetta hendir vanliga, tí at ein kransæðra verður stongd av einum blóðtøppi, sum ofta er úrslit av æðrakálking, ein sjúka, har ið blóðplakk byggir seg upp í æðrunum.
Plakkið er sett saman av kolesteroli, feittvørum, celluloysnum, kalsium og fibrini.
Tá ið ein pláta brotnar, kann tað elva til, at ein blóðtøppur verður til, sum kann steingja slagæðina og forða fyri, at súrevnisríkt blóð røkkur til hjartamúsin.
Hesin súrevnismangul ger, at hjarta muskul kyknurnar doyggja, og tað førir til hjartasteðg.
Hvussu stórur skaðin er, veldst um, hvussu stórt økið er, sum verður fylt av tí stongdu slagæðrinum, og hvussu langa tíð tað hevur tikið frá tí, at ein fær slag, til viðgerðin er sett í verk.
Sjúkueyðkenni fyri hjartatilburð kunnu vera pínu ella órógv í bringuni, andaneyð, kvalma, ringur hugur og pínu í ørmum, hálsi, kjálka ella rygg.
Viðgerð fyri hjartasteðg snýr seg vanliga um at fáa blóðrenslið í hjartamúsin aftur so skjótt sum gjørligt, antin við heilivági ella viðgerðum sum angioplastikk og stenting ella viðgerð við koronarabypass.
Tað er týdningarmikið at leggja til merkis, at patofysiologiin av einum hjartatilburði er kompleks og hevur við sær fleiri faktorar, eitt nú genetiskar, lívsstíl og umhvørvisfaktorar.
Vandin fyri at fáa hjartasteðg er m.a. høgt blóðtrýst, høgt kolesteroltal, royking, diabetes, yvirvekt, rørsluóhapp og hjartasjúka í familjuni.
At handfara hesar vandastøðurnar kann minka um vandan fyri at fáa hjartasteðg.
Scott J: Pathophysiology and biochemistry of cardiovascular disease. Curr Opin Genet Dev. 2004, 14 (3): 271-9.
Liu Chung Ming C, Sesperez K, Ben-Sefer E, Arpon D, McGrath K, McClements L, Gentile C: Considerations to Model Heart Disease in Women with Preeclampsia and Cardiovascular Disease. Cells. 2021, 10 (4): .
Hansen J, Victor RG: Direct measurement of sympathetic activity: new insights into disordered blood pressure regulation in chronic renal failure. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 1994, 3 (6): 636-43.
LaMacchia JC, Roth MB: Aquaporins-2 and -4 regulate glycogen metabolism and survival during hyposmotic-anoxic stress in Caenorhabditis elegans. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2015, 309 (2): C92-6.
Tham YK, Bernardo BC, Ooi JY, Weeks KL, McMullen JR: Pathophysiology of cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure: signaling pathways and novel therapeutic targets. Arch Toxicol. 2015, 89 (9): 1401-38.
Lonn E: The clinical relevance of pharmacological blood pressure lowering mechanisms. Can J Cardiol. 2004, 20 Suppl B (): 83B-88B.
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What is pathophysiology of heart attack?
The pathophysiology of a heart attack, also known as myocardial infarction, involves the disruption of blood flow to a part of the heart muscle, leading to the death of heart cells.
This typically occurs due to the obstruction of a coronary artery by a blood clot, which is often the result of atherosclerosis, a condition where plaque builds up in the arteries.
The plaque is made up of cholesterol, fatty substances, cellular waste products, calcium, and fibrin.
When a plaque ruptures, it can cause a blood clot to form, which can block the artery and prevent oxygen-rich blood from reaching the heart muscle.
This lack of oxygen causes the heart muscle cells to die, leading to a heart attack.
The extent of the damage depends on the size of the area supplied by the blocked artery and the time between the attack and treatment.
Symptoms of a heart attack can include chest pain or discomfort, shortness of breath, nausea, lightheadedness, and pain in the arms, neck, jaw, or back.
Treatment for a heart attack usually involves restoring blood flow to the heart muscle as quickly as possible, either through medication or procedures such as angioplasty and stenting or coronary artery bypass surgery.
It is important to note that the pathophysiology of a heart attack is complex and involves multiple factors, including genetic, lifestyle, and environmental factors.
Risk factors for heart attack include high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, diabetes, obesity, lack of physical activity, and a family history of heart disease.
Managing these risk factors can help reduce the likelihood of experiencing a heart attack.
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