Azɔnkwín è nɔ nyí urticaria é nyí anyǔzɔn ɖé bɔ nǔ nɔ cí vɔvɔ ɖɔhun ɖò anyǔ ɔ jí, bɔ é nɔ́ dó winnya mɛ, lobo nɔ lɛ́ j'ayǐ.
Nǔ vovo wɛ sixu zɔ́n bɔ é nɔ wá, ɖi nǔsisɔ dó wǔvɛ́ mimɔ wu, azɔnkwín lɛ, kpo amasin ɖé lɛ kpo.
Bo na dó tuùn nǔ e wu azinzɔnnɔ ɔ ɖò nǔ mɔ wɛ é ɔ, è nɔ gbéjé azɔn tɔn kpɔ́n, bo nɔ lɛ́ ba do nú lanmɛ tɔn, bɔ hweɖelɛnu ɔ, è nɔ lɛ́ bló nǔ lɛ kpɔ́n ɖò azɔxwé.
1. Azɔn e mɛ ɔ ko ɖò é: Dotóo ɔ na kàn nǔ byɔ dó azinzɔnnɔ ɔ sín azɔn e é ko ɖò é wu, kaka jɛ nǔ e nɔ vɛ́ wǔ tɔn lɛ é, azɔn e é ko jɛ ɖò malin-malin mɛ é, kpo amasin e é ko nɔ ɖu lɛ é kpo jí.
Ye na kàn nǔ byɔ dó hwenu e nǔ lɛ jɛ dó jǐ tɔn é, hwenu e é nɔte ɖó é kpo nǔ e sixu zɔ́n bɔ é jɛ nǔ lɛ ba jí é kpo wu.
2. Nukɔnkpɔn agbaza tɔn: Dotóo ɔ na gbéjé anyǔ ɔ kpɔ́n bo na kpɔ́n ɖɔ anyǔ lɛ tíìn à jí, lee ye kló sɔ é, kpo fí e ye gbló sɔ é kpo.
Ye sixu lɛ́ ba dò nú wuntun ɖevo e xlɛ́ ɖɔ nǔ ɔ vɛ́ mɛ wu é, ɖi nukúnmɛ, nu mɛ, alǒ ɖɛ̌ mɛ jijɛ.
3. Tuto è nɔ bló ɖò dotóoxwé lɛ é: Ðò ninɔmɛ ɖé lɛ mɛ ɔ, dotóo sixu byɔ ɖɔ è ni bló nǔ e nɔ zɔ́n bɔ è nɔ ɖu nǔ ɖò nùɖuɖu ɖé jí é alǒ è nɔ ɖu ɖò nùɖuɖu ɖé jí é ɖé lɛ nú mɛ.
È sixu lɛ́ bló atánkɛnkpɔn lɛ, ɖi atánkɛnkpɔn kpo atánkɛnkpɔn kpo dó tuùn nǔ ɖěɖee nɔ zɔ́n bɔ nǔ nɔ vɛ́ mɛ é.
4. Tɛnkpɔn e è nɔ dó nǔvɛ́mɛ é: Enyi dotóo ɔ lin ɖɔ nǔvɛ́mɛ ɖé ɖò azɔn ɔ wu ɔ, é sixu sɛ́ azinzɔnnɔ ɔ dó dotóo e nɔ kpɔ́n nǔvɛ́mɛ é ɖé gɔ́n bonu è na lɛ́ bló nùɖé lɛ kpɔ́n n'i.
Nǔ enɛ lɛ sixu nyí nǔ e è nɔ dó sìn xomɛ na é, nǔ e è nɔ dó sìn xomɛ na é, alǒ nǔ e è nɔ dó hun xomɛ na é kpɔ́n.
5. Nǔ ɖevo e wu è sixu mɔ nǔ jɛ wu é: Dotóo ɔ na lɛ́ gbéjé nǔ ɖevo e sixu zɔ́n bɔ nǔ lɛ na cí mɔ̌ é kpɔ́n, ɖi wǔvɛ́ e wǔtu tɔn lɛ nɔ mɔ é alǒ azɔn ɖevo e ɖò jijɛ wɛ é, bɔ é sixu byɔ ɖɔ è ni lɛ́ ba dò nú nǔ ɖevo lɛ bo dó ɖexlɛ́ ɖɔ nǔ enɛ lɛ kún nyí azɔn ó.
6. Tɛnkpɔn e è nɔ bló dó kpɔ́n nǔ e ɖò lanmɛ é: Enyi nǔ e nɔ dó lanmɛ nú mɛ é ɖi yǒzo, avivɔ, alǒ kɔ́n ɖu nú mɛ wɛ ɔ, dotóo ɔ sixu bló nǔ e è nɔ ylɔ ɖɔ "tɛnkpɔn e è nɔ bló dó kpɔ́n nǔ e ɖò lanmɛ é" bo na dó tuùn nǔ e wu azɔn ɔ ɖò lanmɛ é.
Enɛ byɔ ɖɔ è ni ɖó alɔ nǔ e wu è vɛdó ɖɔ é ɖò nǔ wà dó wǔ wɛ é wu ɖò agbaza mɛ bo kpɔ́n ɖɔ é nɔ wà nǔ dó wǔ tɔn à jí.
7. Tuto lanmɛ tɔn e nɔ dó hwlɛn agbaza ɔ sín wǔvɛ́ lɛ sí te é tɔn: Enyi nǔ lɛ́ɛ jɛ dó lanmɛ tɔn jí kaka bɔ é jɛ syɛnsyɛn jí ɔ, dotóo ɔ sixu byɔ ɖɔ è ni ba dò nú lanmɛ tɔn bo kpɔ́n ɖɔ azɔn ɖé lɛ tíìn bɔ agbaza ɔ sín wǔvɛ́ lɛ sí te dó lanmɛ tɔn jí à jí, ɖó hweɖelɛnu ɔ, azɔn enɛ lɛ wɛ nɔ zɔ́n bɔ è nɔ mɔ nǔ.
8. Tuto e è nɔ zán dó kpɔ́n nǔ lɛ é: É sixu wá jɛ hweɖelɛnu bɔ è na byɔ ɖɔ è ni bló tuto bo na kpɔ́n nǔ lɛ, ɖi nǔ e è nɔ ylɔ ɖɔ x-ray alǒ tomographie é, bonu è na dó tuùn azɔn ɖevo e sixu zɔ́n bɔ è na mɔ nǔ ɖokpo ɔ lɛ é.
Ðò kpaà mɛ ɔ, è nɔ ba dò nú nǔ e mɛ azɔn ɔ ko ɖè lɛ é, è nɔ ba dò nú lanmɛ mɛtɔn, è nɔ ba dò nú lanmɛ mɛtɔn, bɔ hweɖelɛnu ɔ, è nɔ lɛ́ ba dò nú nǔ ɖò azɔxwé.
Nukúnnúmɔjɛnǔmɛ ɔ wɛ nyí ɖɔ è ni tuùn nǔ e wu azɔn ɔ sín azɔn syɛn é, bo lɛ́ wá gbeta e kɔn è na wá dó lee è na gbɔ azɔn ɔ n'i hugǎn é wu é kɔn.
Torabi B, Ben-Shoshan M: The association of cholinergic and cold-induced urticaria: diagnosis and management. BMJ Case Rep. 2015, 2015 (): .
Schoepke N, Doumoulakis G, Maurer M: Diagnosis of urticaria. Indian J Dermatol. 2013, 58 (3): 211-8.
Hochstadter EF, Ben-Shoshan M: Cold-induced urticaria: challenges in diagnosis and management. BMJ Case Rep. 2013, 2013 (): .
Ensina LF, Brandão LS, Neto HC, Ben-Shoshan M: Urticaria and angioedema in children and adolescents: diagnostic challenge. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2022, 50 (S Pt 1): 17-29.
Silvestre Salvador JF, Giménez-Arnau AM, Gómez de la Fuente E, González Del Castillo J, Martínez Virto AM, Miguens Blanco I, Serra-Baldrich E, Llorens P: Managing urticaria in the emergency department: recommendations of a multidisciplinary expert panel. Emergencias. 2021, 33 (4): 299-308.
Visitsuntorn N, Tuchinda M, Arunyanark N, Kerdsomnuk S: Ice cube test in children with cold urticaria. Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol. 1992, 10 (2): 111-5.
['Nǔgbɛnúmɛ: dotóoxwé sín']
['Nǔkplɔnkplɔn kpo nǔsisɔ kpo sín azɔ̌ kɛɖɛ wɛ è nɔ wà dó tɛn ɛntɛnɛti tɔn elɔ jí, bo nɔ na wěɖexámɛ dotóoxwé tɔn alǒ azɔ̌ ɖevo lɛ mɛ ǎ.']
['È ɖó na zán nǔ e è kplɔ́n mɛ lɛ é dó ba azɔn ɖé alǒ azɔn ɖé sín wuntun alǒ dó gbɔ na ǎ, bɔ mɛ ɖěɖee jló na ba wěɖexámɛ dotóo tɔn lɛ é ɖó na yì mɔ dotóo e ɖó acɛ bo nɔ wà azɔ̌ ɖò dotóoxwé é ɖé.']
['Mi ni flín ɖɔ nǔ e è nɔ ylɔ ɖɔ "neural net" bo nɔ na xósin nú nǔkanbyɔ lɛ é ɔ, nǔ e nɔ nyí nǔjɛdo tawun é wɛ nyí nǔ ɖěɖee è nɔ ylɔ ɖɔ "numeric content" lɛ é. Ði kpɔ́ndéwú ɔ, mɛ nabi è mɔ azɔn ɖé na é.']
['Nɔ ba wěɖexámɛ dotóo towe tɔn alǒ dotóo ɖevo e ɖó nǔwukpikpé é tɔn dó azɔn ɖé wu hwebǐnu. Ma wɔn wěɖexámɛ dotóo tɔn lɛ gbeɖé ó, alǒ ma lin tamɛ kpɔ́n dó nǔ e a xà ɖò tɛn ɛntɛnɛti tɔn elɔ jí lɛ é wu ó. Enyi a lin ɖɔ azɔn baɖabaɖa ɖé ɖò xwi ɖí xá we wɛ hǔn, ylɔ 911 alǒ yì dotóoxwé e sɛkpɔ we hugǎn é tlolo. Tɛn ɛntɛnɛti tɔn elɔ alǒ nǔ e a nɔ zán lɛ é nɔ zɔ́n bɔ kancica dotóo-azinzɔnnɔ ɖé tɔn nɔ tíìn ǎ. BioMedLib, azɔ̌watɔ́ tɔn lɛ, alǒ mɛ ɖevo ɖebǔ e nɔ wlan nǔ dó tɛn ɛntɛnɛti tɔn elɔ jí lɛ é nɔ ɖè kúnnuɖenú ɖebǔ xlɛ́, bo tlɛ nɔ ɖɔ lɔ ǎ, dó nǔ e è ɖɔ ɖò fí lɛ é alǒ nǔ e è nɔ zán lɛ é wu.']
['Nǔɖògbɛ́jlatɔ́ lɛ']
['Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998, 17 U.S.C. § 512 (the DMCA) nɔ na acɛ mɛ e ɖó nǔɖokan yetɔn lɛ é bɔ ye na dó ba nǔɖe bo dó sixu mɔ nǔ e ye ɖó lɛ é ɖò Internet jí.']
["Enyi a ɖi nǔ ɖɔ nǔ ɖĕbǔ ɖò tɛn ɛntɛnɛti tɔn mǐtɔn jí alǒ azɔ̌wiwa mǐtɔn lɛ jí bo hɛn nǔ dó así nú mɛ ɔ, é xò nǔ dó acɛ nǔɖògbɛ́ towe lɛ wu ɔ, hwi (alǒ mɛ e nɔ kpé nukún dó wǔ towe é) sixu sɛ́ wɛn dó mǐ, bo byɔ ɖɔ mǐ ni ɖè nǔ ɖ'emɛ lɛ sín tɛn ɔ jí, alǒ ɖɔ mǐ ni sú ali dó mɛ."]
["È ɖó ná sɛ́ mɛ dó gbɔn email jí (e-mail è nɔ dó ɔ́' kpɔ́n 'Kɔntaktɔ́' ɔ́)."]
['DMCA byɔ ɖɔ ɖɔ nǔ elɔ lɛ ni nɔ akpáxwé nǔ e a ɖɔ é gbà acɛ dó nǔ é tɔn jí é: (1) xó dó azɔ̌ e ɖó acɛ dó nǔ é jí; (2) xó dó nǔ e ɖó acɛ dó nǔ é jí, kpo nǔ ɖevo e na zɔ́n bɔ mǐ na mɔ nǔ ɔ lɛ é kpo; (3) xó dó hwiɖée wu, ɖi adlɛsi towe, alokan towe kpo email towe kpo; (4) xó ɖɔ dó nǔ e wu a ɖi nǔ ɖɔ nǔ e ɖó acɛ dó nǔ e jí a ɖɔ é jí é kún nyí nǔ e ɖó acɛ dó nǔ é jí tɔn ɔ, alǒ mɛ e nɔ kpé nukún dó nǔ é tɔn wu é sín acɛ ó; ']
["(5) Ðɛ́ mɛ̀ è mi sɔ́ alɔ dó ɖ'así ná ɖò hwɛɖɔxɔsá ɔ́' è ɖó ná ɖó hwɛ̀ ɖɔ̀ xó è mi ɖɔ ɖò mɛ̀ è mi dó wèmá ɔ́ mɛ̀ ɔ́' sɔgbe bɔ̀ mi ɖó acɛ̀ bó ná dó ba ɖɔ è ní sú nǔ è è dó wèmá ɔ́ wú lɛ́ɛ sín axɔ́."]
['bɔ (6) alɔ wlanwlan mɛ e ɖó acɛ dó nǔ é tɔn alǒ mɛ e ɖó acɛ bo na wà nǔ dó wutu tɔn é tɔn. ']
['Nú a ma gɔ́ nǔ e ɖò jí lɛ é bǐ ǎ ɔ, é sixu zɔ́n bɔ è na lín có bo na dóhwɛ we.']
['Wǎ kpé mì']
['Mi kɛnklɛn bo sɛ́ nǔkanbyɔ mitɔn lɛ dó mǐ gbɔn e-mail jí.']
How is urticaria diagnosed?
Urticaria, also known as hives, is a skin condition characterized by the appearance of red, itchy, and swollen welts on the skin.
It can be caused by a variety of factors, including allergic reactions, infections, and certain medications.
Diagnosing urticaria involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and sometimes laboratory tests.
1. Medical history: The doctor will ask about the patient's medical history, including any known allergies, recent illnesses, and medications taken.
They will also inquire about the onset of symptoms, their duration, and any potential triggers.
2. Physical examination: The doctor will examine the skin for the presence of welts, their size, and distribution.
They may also check for other signs of an allergic reaction, such as swelling of the face, lips, or tongue.
3. Laboratory tests: In some cases, the doctor may order blood tests to check for the presence of allergies or infections.
Skin tests, such as a skin prick test or patch test, may also be performed to identify specific allergens.
4. Allergy tests: If the doctor suspects an allergic reaction, they may refer the patient to an allergist for further testing.
This may include skin prick tests, patch tests, or blood tests to identify specific allergens.
5. Differential diagnosis: The doctor will also consider other possible causes of the symptoms, such as other skin conditions or underlying medical conditions, and may order additional tests to rule these out.
6. Provocation tests: In cases of physical urticaria, where the hives are triggered by physical stimuli such as heat, cold, or pressure, the doctor may perform a provocation test to confirm the diagnosis.
This involves exposing the skin to the suspected trigger to see if a reaction occurs.
7. Autoimmune tests: In cases of chronic urticaria, the doctor may order tests to check for autoimmune disorders, as these can sometimes cause the condition.
8. Imaging tests: In rare cases, imaging tests such as an X-ray or CT scan may be ordered to rule out other conditions that may cause similar symptoms.
Overall, diagnosing urticaria involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and sometimes laboratory tests.
The goal is to identify the underlying cause and determine the best course of treatment for the patient.
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