What are the risk factors for Heart attack?

['Ðǒtó wexwɛ elɔ']

Etɛ lɛ ka sixu zɔ́n bɔ ayi jɛ mɛ?

Nǔ ɖevo lɛ wɛ nɔ zɔ́n bɔ ayi mɛtɔn nɔ jɛ dò, bɔ ye ɖíe:

1. Xwè: Xwè mɛtɔn nɔ ɖò jijɛji wɛ, bɔ awovinú e nɔ dɔn mɛ bɔ ayi mɛtɔn nɔ gblé é nɔ ɖò jijɛji wɛ, ɖò tají ɔ, sunnu e ɖó xwè 45 lɛ kpo nyɔnu e ɖó xwè 55 lɛ kpo nɔ ɖò awovinú enɛ mɛ.

2. Cholesterol e ɖò lanmɛ na nɔ ganji é: Cholesterol LDL (e nyla é) e ɖò lanmɛ na nɔ ganji é kpo cholesterol HDL (e nyɔ́ é) e ɖò lanmɛ na nɔ ganji é kpo sixu zɔ́n bɔ ayi syɛn.

3. Hun syɛnsyɛn: Hun syɛnsyɛn e è ma kpéwú bo nɔ ɖu ɖò jǐ ǎ é sixu hɛn kanjɔjɔkan lɛ gblé, bɔ awovinú ayizɔn tɔn lɛ sixu jɛji.

4. Azɔnkwín: Azɔnkwín e nɔ hu mɛ lɛ é sixu syɛn bɔ ayi yetɔn na jɛ dò ɖó sukpɔ́ e ɖò hun yetɔn mɛ é sixu wà nǔ dó kanjɔjɔjɔ lɛ wu.

5. É kpò zɛ xwé wu alǒ é kpò zɛ xwé wu: É sixu zɔ́n bɔ lanmɛ na nɔ ganji mɛtɔn na gblé, ɖó é nɔ zɔ́n bɔ hun nɔ yì jǐ bɔ azinzɔnnɔ lɛ nɔ jɛ zɛntínkɛnnɛnnánɔ jí.

6. Nǔ ma wà ganji: Nǔ ma wà ganji ɖò agbaza lixo sixu zɔ́n bɔ ayizɔnnɔ lɛ na jɛ azɔn baɖabaɖa ɖé jɛ jí, bɔ awovinú e ɖò ye wu é na lɛ́ jɛji.

7. Sinsɛn-nǔ-ɖokpo: Sinsɛn-nǔ-ɖokpo nyí nǔ taji ɖé bo nɔ zɔ́n bɔ ayi mɛtɔn nɔ gblé, ɖó é nɔ hɛn kanjɔjɔjɔ lɛ gblé bo nɔ zɔ́n bɔ hun nɔ xò.

8. Xwédo mɛ e ɖò azɔn mɔ wɛ lɛ é tɔn: Enyi xwédo mɛ e ɖò azɔn mɔ wɛ lɛ é tɔn ɖé ɖó azɔn mɔ wɛ ɔ, é sixu zɔ́n bɔ ayizɔnnɔ ɔ na jɛ azɔn baɖabaɖa ɖé jɛ jí.

9. Atrial fibrillation: Akɔ́nkpinkpan e nɔ jɛ dò ɖò ayi mɛ é ɖé wɛ bɔ é sixu zɔ́n bɔ ayi mɛtɔn na gblé bo na jɛ zlɛ́nzlɛ́n jí.

10. Ayizɔn e ko gblé mɛ ɖ'ayǐ é: Mɛ ɖěɖee ko gblé ayi ɖ'ayǐ lɛ é sixu lɛ́ wá gblé azɔn ɖevo.

11. Adǎn: Adǎn e nɔ ɖó nú mɛ hwebǐnu é sixu zɔ́n bɔ è na jɛ azɔn ayizɔnnɔ ɖé jɛ jí, bɔ awovinú e ɖò ayizɔnnɔ ɖé jí é na lɛ́ jɛji.

12. Azɔn e nɔ dó lanmɛ nú mɛ lɛ é: Azɔn ɖé lɛ ɖi lupus kpo arthrite rhumatoïde kpo sixu zɔ́n bɔ nyɔnu lɛ nɔ ɖó ayizɔn ɖé.

13. Azɔn e nɔ ɖó ɖò xò hwenu lɛ é: Asú ɖěɖee nɔ ɖó hǔnzɔn e nɔ zɔ́n bɔ è nɔ ɖó sukpɔ́ ɖò xò hwenu lɛ é alǒ hǔnzɔn e nɔ zɔ́n bɔ è nɔ ɖó hunyiji hunyiji é ɖò xò hwenu lɛ é nɔ ɖó awovinú tawun bɔ ye na wá jɛ azɔn ayizɔn tɔn ɖé lɛ jí ɖò nukɔnmɛ.

14. Éstrogène e ɖò dò é: Éstrogène e ɖò dò ɖò nyɔnu e ko ɖó xwè nabi ɖé lɛ é kpo nyɔnu e è ɖè vǐkpo yetɔn lɛ sín mɛ lɛ é kpo mɛ é nɔ sɔ́ sɔ́ nɔ sɔ́ ye mɛ ǎ, bɔ enɛ sixu zɔ́n bɔ ye nɔ ɖó awovinú ɖò ayizɔnnɔ nyínyí yetɔn mɛ hú nyɔnu e ma ɖó xwè nabi ɖé lɛ ǎ lɛ é.

É ɖò taji ɖɔ è ni tuùn ɖɔ enyi è ma sixu ɖyɔ nǔ ɖěɖee nɔ zɔ́n bɔ è nɔ jɛ azɔn baɖabaɖa lɛ é ɖé lɛ ɖi xwè kpo xwédo mɛtɔn sín ninɔmɛ kpo ǎ ɔ, è sixu ɖyɔ nǔ gègě ɖevo lɛ gbɔn gbɛzinzan ɖyɔɖyɔ kpo dotóoxwé sín nǔwiwa lɛ kpo gblamɛ.

Azɔnkwín ayizɔnnɔ lɛ ɖi hunsín hunsín tɔn kpo hwézɔn kpo ɖuɖu hwɛhwɛ, lanmɛ zinzan hwɛhwɛ, azɔ nunu jó dó, kpo ayizɔnnɔ e ɖò azɔn jɛmagbɔ jɛ wɛ lɛ é ɖi hwézɔn kpo hwézɔn kpo ɖuɖu sixu d'alɔ bɔ awovinú ayizɔnnɔ lɛ tɔn na ɖekpo.

['Nǔ ɖevo lɛ']

PubMed/Medline https://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/download/pubmed_medline.html

RefinedWeb https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.01116

Poomsrikaew O, Ryan CJ, Zerwic JJ: Knowledge of heart attack symptoms and risk factors among native Thais: a street-intercept survey method. Int J Nurs Pract. 2010, 16 (5): 492-8.

Ahmed AAA, Al-Shami AM, Jamshed S, Zawiah M, Elnaem MH, Mohamed Ibrahim MI: Awareness of the Risk Factors for Heart Attack Among the General Public in Pahang, Malaysia: A Cross-Sectional Study. Risk Manag Healthc Policy. 2020, 13 (): 3089-3102.

Fussman C, Rafferty AP, Reeves MJ, Zackery S, Lyon-Callo S, Anderson B: Racial disparities in knowledge of stroke and heart attack risk factors and warning signs among Michigan adults. Ethn Dis. 2009, 19 (2): 128-34.

Ahmed AAA, Al-Shami AM, Jamshed S, Fata Nahas AR: Development of questionnaire on awareness and action towards symptoms and risk factors of heart attack and stroke among a Malaysian population. BMC Public Health. 2019, 19 (1): 1300.

Hwang SY, Ryan CJ, Zerwic JJ: Korean immigrants' knowledge of heart attack symptoms and risk factors. J Immigr Minor Health. 2008, 10 (1): 67-72.

Fukuoka Y, Oh YJ: Perceived Heart Attack Likelihood in Adults with a High Diabetes Risk. Heart Lung. , 52 (): 42-47.

Poomsrikaew O, Ryan CJ, Zerwic JJ: Knowledge of heart attack symptoms and risk factors among native Thais. West J Nurs Res. 2009, 31 (8): 1088-9.

['Nǔgbɛnúmɛ: dotóoxwé sín']

['Nǔkplɔnkplɔn kpo nǔsisɔ kpo sín azɔ̌ kɛɖɛ wɛ è nɔ wà dó tɛn ɛntɛnɛti tɔn elɔ jí, bo nɔ na wěɖexámɛ dotóoxwé tɔn alǒ azɔ̌ ɖevo lɛ mɛ ǎ.']

['È ɖó na zán nǔ e è kplɔ́n mɛ lɛ é dó ba azɔn ɖé alǒ azɔn ɖé sín wuntun alǒ dó gbɔ na ǎ, bɔ mɛ ɖěɖee jló na ba wěɖexámɛ dotóo tɔn lɛ é ɖó na yì mɔ dotóo e ɖó acɛ bo nɔ wà azɔ̌ ɖò dotóoxwé é ɖé.']

['Mi ni flín ɖɔ nǔ e è nɔ ylɔ ɖɔ "neural net" bo nɔ na xósin nú nǔkanbyɔ lɛ é ɔ, nǔ e nɔ nyí nǔjɛdo tawun é wɛ nyí nǔ ɖěɖee è nɔ ylɔ ɖɔ "numeric content" lɛ é. Ði kpɔ́ndéwú ɔ, mɛ nabi è mɔ azɔn ɖé na é.']

['Nɔ ba wěɖexámɛ dotóo towe tɔn alǒ dotóo ɖevo e ɖó nǔwukpikpé é tɔn dó azɔn ɖé wu hwebǐnu. Ma wɔn wěɖexámɛ dotóo tɔn lɛ gbeɖé ó, alǒ ma lin tamɛ kpɔ́n dó nǔ e a xà ɖò tɛn ɛntɛnɛti tɔn elɔ jí lɛ é wu ó. Enyi a lin ɖɔ azɔn baɖabaɖa ɖé ɖò xwi ɖí xá we wɛ hǔn, ylɔ 911 alǒ yì dotóoxwé e sɛkpɔ we hugǎn é tlolo. Tɛn ɛntɛnɛti tɔn elɔ alǒ nǔ e a nɔ zán lɛ é nɔ zɔ́n bɔ kancica dotóo-azinzɔnnɔ ɖé tɔn nɔ tíìn ǎ. BioMedLib, azɔ̌watɔ́ tɔn lɛ, alǒ mɛ ɖevo ɖebǔ e nɔ wlan nǔ dó tɛn ɛntɛnɛti tɔn elɔ jí lɛ é nɔ ɖè kúnnuɖenú ɖebǔ xlɛ́, bo tlɛ nɔ ɖɔ lɔ ǎ, dó nǔ e è ɖɔ ɖò fí lɛ é alǒ nǔ e è nɔ zán lɛ é wu.']

['Nǔɖògbɛ́jlatɔ́ lɛ']

['Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998, 17 U.S.C. § 512 (the DMCA) nɔ na acɛ mɛ e ɖó nǔɖokan yetɔn lɛ é bɔ ye na dó ba nǔɖe bo dó sixu mɔ nǔ e ye ɖó lɛ é ɖò Internet jí.']

["Enyi a ɖi nǔ ɖɔ nǔ ɖĕbǔ ɖò tɛn ɛntɛnɛti tɔn mǐtɔn jí alǒ azɔ̌wiwa mǐtɔn lɛ jí bo hɛn nǔ dó así nú mɛ ɔ, é xò nǔ dó acɛ nǔɖògbɛ́ towe lɛ wu ɔ, hwi (alǒ mɛ e nɔ kpé nukún dó wǔ towe é) sixu sɛ́ wɛn dó mǐ, bo byɔ ɖɔ mǐ ni ɖè nǔ ɖ'emɛ lɛ sín tɛn ɔ jí, alǒ ɖɔ mǐ ni sú ali dó mɛ."]

["È ɖó ná sɛ́ mɛ dó gbɔn email jí (e-mail è nɔ dó ɔ́' kpɔ́n 'Kɔntaktɔ́' ɔ́)."]

['DMCA byɔ ɖɔ ɖɔ nǔ elɔ lɛ ni nɔ akpáxwé nǔ e a ɖɔ é gbà acɛ dó nǔ é tɔn jí é: (1) xó dó azɔ̌ e ɖó acɛ dó nǔ é jí; (2) xó dó nǔ e ɖó acɛ dó nǔ é jí, kpo nǔ ɖevo e na zɔ́n bɔ mǐ na mɔ nǔ ɔ lɛ é kpo; (3) xó dó hwiɖée wu, ɖi adlɛsi towe, alokan towe kpo email towe kpo; (4) xó ɖɔ dó nǔ e wu a ɖi nǔ ɖɔ nǔ e ɖó acɛ dó nǔ e jí a ɖɔ é jí é kún nyí nǔ e ɖó acɛ dó nǔ é jí tɔn ɔ, alǒ mɛ e nɔ kpé nukún dó nǔ é tɔn wu é sín acɛ ó; ']

["(5) Ðɛ́ mɛ̀ è mi sɔ́ alɔ dó ɖ'así ná ɖò hwɛɖɔxɔsá ɔ́' è ɖó ná ɖó hwɛ̀ ɖɔ̀ xó è mi ɖɔ ɖò mɛ̀ è mi dó wèmá ɔ́ mɛ̀ ɔ́' sɔgbe bɔ̀ mi ɖó acɛ̀ bó ná dó ba ɖɔ è ní sú nǔ è è dó wèmá ɔ́ wú lɛ́ɛ sín axɔ́."]

['bɔ (6) alɔ wlanwlan mɛ e ɖó acɛ dó nǔ é tɔn alǒ mɛ e ɖó acɛ bo na wà nǔ dó wutu tɔn é tɔn. ']

['Nú a ma gɔ́ nǔ e ɖò jí lɛ é bǐ ǎ ɔ, é sixu zɔ́n bɔ è na lín có bo na dóhwɛ we.']

['Wǎ kpé mì']

['Mi kɛnklɛn bo sɛ́ nǔkanbyɔ mitɔn lɛ dó mǐ gbɔn e-mail jí.']

What are the risk factors for heart attack?

There are several risk factors for heart attack, including:

1. Age: The risk of heart attack increases with age, especially after the age of 45 for men and 55 for women.

2. High cholesterol levels: High levels of LDL (bad) cholesterol and low levels of HDL (good) cholesterol can increase the risk of heart attack.

3. High blood pressure: Uncontrolled high blood pressure can damage the arteries and increase the risk of heart attack.

4. Diabetes: People with diabetes are at a higher risk of heart attack due to the damage high blood sugar can cause to blood vessels.

5. Being overweight or obese: Excess weight can increase the risk of heart attack by contributing to other risk factors such as high blood pressure and diabetes.

6. Not exercising: Lack of physical activity can contribute to the development of heart disease and increase the risk of heart attack.

7. Smoking: Smoking is a major risk factor for heart attack, as it damages the blood vessels and increases the risk of blood clots.

8. Family history: A family history of heart disease can increase the risk of heart attack.

9. Atrial fibrillation: This is an irregular heart rhythm that can increase the risk of heart attack and stroke.

10. Previous heart attack or stroke: People who have had a previous heart attack or stroke are at a higher risk of having another one.

11. Stress: Chronic stress can contribute to the development of heart disease and increase the risk of heart attack.

12. Autoimmune conditions: Conditions such as lupus and rheumatoid arthritis can increase the risk of heart disease in women.

13. Pregnancy-related health problems: Women who develop gestational diabetes or hypertension during pregnancy are at an increased risk of developing heart disease later in life.

14. Low estrogen levels: Women who have gone through menopause or had a hysterectomy have lower levels of estrogen, which can increase their risk of heart disease compared to women who have not.

It is important to note that while some risk factors, such as age and family history, cannot be changed, many others can be managed through lifestyle changes and medical interventions.

Regular check-ups, maintaining a healthy diet, exercising regularly, quitting smoking, and managing chronic conditions like high blood pressure and diabetes can help reduce the risk of heart attack.

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