Il tumôr dal sen al è diagnosticât cuntune cumbinazion di provis e proceduris, che a puedin cjapâ dentri:
1. Esam clinic dal sen: un professionist de sanitât al esaminarà i pets par viodi se a àn cualchi grop, cambiament di misure o forme o altris anormalitâts.
2. Mamografie: une lastre dal sen fate cun rais X che e pues rilevâ anomaliis prime ancjemò che a puedin jessi palpadis.
3. Ultrasonografie: une prove che e dopre ondis sonoris par creâ une imagjin dal tiessût dal sen, che e pues judâ a determinâ se un grum al è solit o plen di fluit.
4. RM: une scansion a risonance magnetiche (MRI) e dopre un cjamp magnetic e ondis radio par creâ imagjins detaiadis dal tiessût dal sen.
5. Biopsie: un piçul campion di tiessût dal sen al è tirât fûr e esaminât sot un microscopi par determinâ se lis celulis dal cancar a son presintis.
6. Esam dal sanc: cierts esams dal sanc, come un cuadri complet dal sanc o dai tumôrs, a puedin jessi fats par judâ a determinâ il stadi dal tumôr o par monitorâ il tratament.
7. provis gjenetichis: se e je une storie di famee di cancar al sen, lis provis gjenetichis a puedin jessi fatis par determinâ se e je une mutazion gjenetiche ereditade che e aumente il risi di svilupâ il cancar al sen.
8. Scansion o di cjâf, scansion tomografiche o PET: chescj esams di imaging a puedin jessi fats par determinâ se il cancar si è slargjât a altris parts dal cuarp.
Une volte diagnosticât un tumôr al pet, a puedin jessi fatis altris provis par determinâ il stadi e il grât dal tumôr, che al jude a vuidâ lis decisions di cure.
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Donepudi MS, Kondapalli K, Amos SJ, Venkanteshan P: Breast cancer statistics and markers. J Cancer Res Ther. , 10 (3): 506-11.
Sazuka T, Miyazawa Y, Tochigi T, Hirano A, Mori M, Kosugi C, Shuto K, Kasahara K, Hiroshima Y, Matsuo K, Tanaka K, Yamazaki K, Koda K, Matsubara H: [A Case of Rectal Metastasis from Breast Cancer Diagnosed Two Years after Surgery]. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho. 2017, 44 (12): 1254-1256.
Yan J, Liu Z, Du S, Li J, Ma L, Li L: Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer in the Precision Medicine Era. Methods Mol Biol. 2020, 2204 (): 53-61.
Cong J, Wei B, He Y, Yin Y, Zheng Y: A Selective Ensemble Classification Method Combining Mammography Images with Ultrasound Images for Breast Cancer Diagnosis. Comput Math Methods Med. 2017, 2017 (): 4896386.
Cui R, Wang C, Zhao Q, Wang Y, Li Y: Serum Carboxypeptidase N1 Serves as a Potential Biomarker Complementing CA15-3 for Breast Cancer. Anticancer Agents Med Chem. 2020, 20 (17): 2053-2065.
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How is breast cancer diagnosed?
Breast cancer is diagnosed through a combination of tests and procedures, which may include:
1. Clinical breast exam: A healthcare professional will examine the breasts for any lumps, changes in size or shape, or other abnormalities.
2. Mammogram: An x-ray of the breast that can detect abnormalities even before they can be felt.
3. Ultrasound: A test that uses sound waves to create an image of the breast tissue, which can help determine if a lump is solid or filled with fluid.
4. MRI: A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan uses a magnetic field and radio waves to create detailed images of the breast tissue.
5. Biopsy: A small sample of breast tissue is removed and examined under a microscope to determine if cancer cells are present.
6. Blood tests: Certain blood tests, such as a complete blood count or tumor markers, may be done to help determine the stage of the cancer or to monitor treatment.
7. Genetic testing: If there is a family history of breast cancer, genetic testing may be done to determine if there is an inherited gene mutation that increases the risk of developing breast cancer.
8. Bone scan, CT scan, or PET scan: These imaging tests may be done to determine if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.
Once a diagnosis of breast cancer is made, further tests may be done to determine the stage and grade of the cancer, which helps guide treatment decisions.
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