Cemût si fasial a diagnosticâ il cancar ai polmons?
Il cancar ai polmons al è diagnosticât cuntune cumbinazion di provis e proceduris, che a puedin cjapâ dentri:
1. Storie mediche e esams fisics: il miedi ti domandarà i tiei sintoms, la tô storie di fumadôr e la storie di famee di cancar ai polmons.
Lôr a fasaran ancje un esam fisic par controlâ se al è cualchi segnâl de malatie.
2. provis imagjinariis: i rais X dal pet e lis scans tomografichis a son doprâts par creâ imagjins detaiadis dai polmons e des struturis ator.
Chescj esams a puedin judâ a rilevâ anormalitâts, come tumôrs o nodui, che a puedin indicâ la presince di cancar ai polmons.
3. Citologjie dal espet: un campion dal espet (muc tossât dai polmons) al è esaminât sot un microscopi par cirî lis celulis dal cancar.
4. Biopsie: un campion di tiessût dal polmon al è tirât fûr e esaminât sot un microscopi par determinâ se lis celulis dal cancar a son presintis.
Chest al pues jessi fat cuntune broncoscopie, une biopsie a aghe o une biopsie chirurgjie.
5. Broncoscopie: un canâl sutîl e iluminât cuntune telecjamare al è inserît a traviers dal nâs o de bocje e jù pe gole par esaminâ lis viis respiratoriis e i polmons.
Cheste procedure e pues jessi doprade ancje par cjapâ campions di tiessûts pe biopsie.
6. Aspirazion cuntun aghel fin (FNA): un aghel fin al è inserît intal nodul o te masse dal polmon par cjapâ un campion di celulis par esami.
7. Torasentesi: il fluit al è gjavât vie dal spazi tra i polmons e la parêt dal pet doprant un aghel, e il fluit al è daspò esaminât par viodi se al à celulis di cancar.
8 Esam di sanc: Ancje se i esams di sanc no puedin di bessôi diagnosticâ il cancar ai polmons, a puedin judâ a determinâ la salût gjenerâl dal pazient e identificâ cualsisei anomalie che e pues indicâ la presince di cancar.
9. Scansion o di vues, MRI, PET scan e altris provis: Chestis provis a puedin jessi dopradis par determinâ se il cancar si è slargjât a altris parts dal cuarp.
Une volte diagnosticât il tumôr al polmon, a puedin jessi fatis provis adizionâls par determinâ il stadi dal tumôr, che al jude a vuidâ lis decisions di cure.
Chescj esams a puedin cjapâ dentri plui esams imaging, come une scansion CT dal cerviel, scansion ossee o scansion PET.
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How is lung cancer diagnosed?
Lung cancer is diagnosed through a combination of tests and procedures, which may include:
1. Medical history and physical examination: The doctor will ask about your symptoms, smoking history, and family history of lung cancer.
They will also perform a physical examination to check for any signs of the disease.
2. Imaging tests: Chest X-rays and computed tomography (CT) scans are commonly used to create detailed images of the lungs and surrounding structures.
These tests can help detect abnormalities, such as tumors or nodules, that may indicate the presence of lung cancer.
3. Sputum cytology: A sample of your sputum (mucus coughed up from the lungs) is examined under a microscope to look for cancer cells.
4. Biopsy: A sample of lung tissue is removed and examined under a microscope to determine if cancer cells are present.
This can be done through a bronchoscopy, needle biopsy, or surgical biopsy.
5. Bronchoscopy: A thin, lighted tube with a camera is inserted through the nose or mouth and down the throat to examine the airways and lungs.
This procedure can also be used to collect tissue samples for biopsy.
6. Fine-needle aspiration (FNA): A thin needle is inserted into the lung nodule or mass to collect a sample of cells for examination.
7. Thoracentesis: Fluid is removed from the space between the lungs and chest wall using a needle, and the fluid is then examined for cancer cells.
8. Blood tests: While blood tests alone cannot diagnose lung cancer, they can help determine the overall health of the patient and identify any abnormalities that may indicate the presence of cancer.
9. Bone scan, mri, pet scan, and other tests: These tests may be used to determine if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.
Once lung cancer is diagnosed, additional tests may be performed to determine the stage of the cancer, which helps guide treatment decisions.
These tests may include more imaging tests, such as a CT scan of the brain, bone scan, or positron emission tomography (PET) scan.
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