Tagraíonn pathophysiology diaibéiteas do staidéar a dhéanamh ar na próisis fhisiolaíocha neamhriachtanacha a fhágann go bhforbraítear diaibéiteas mellitus.
Is grúpa galair meitibileach é diaibéiteas mellitus a bhfuil leibhéil ard siúcra fola (glucóis) ann a eascraíonn as lochtanna i secretion inslín, gníomhaíocht inslín, nó an dá rud.
Baineann pathophysiology diaibéiteas le hidirghníomhaíocht chasta fachtóirí géiniteacha, comhshaoil, agus stíl mhaireachtála a chuireann le forbairt an ghalair.
I diaibéiteas cineál 1, baineann an pathophysiology le scrios autoimmune de na cealla beta a tháirgeann inslín sa pancreas, rud a fhágann go bhfuil easpa i dtáirgeadh inslín.
Mar thoradh air seo ní féidir leibhéil glúcóis an fhuil a rialáil, rud a fhágann go bhfuil hyperglycemia (súcra ard sa fhuil).
I diaibéiteas cineál 2, tá an pathophysiology níos casta agus baineann sé le friotaíocht inslín agus le secretion inslín laghdaithe araon.
Tarlaíonn frithsheasmhacht inslin nuair nach bhfreagraíonn cealla an chomhlachta i gceart ar inslin, rud a fhágann nach féidir le glúcós a úsáid go héifeachtach le haghaidh fuinnimh.
Mar thoradh air seo, déanann an pancreas níos mó inslín a tháirgeadh chun iarracht a dhéanamh an frithsheasmhacht a shárú, ach le himeacht ama, b'fhéidir nach mbeidh an pancreas in ann leanúint leis an éileamh, rud a fhágfaidh laghdú ar tháirgeadh inslín.
Déantar diaibéiteas toirchis, a tharlaíonn le linn toirchis, mar gheall ar athruithe hormónacha a fhágann go bhfuil frithsheasmhacht in insulin ann.
Táirgeann an placenta hormóin a d'fhéadfadh gníomh insulín a bhac, rud a fhágann go méadaíonn leibhéil glúcóis fola.
Baineann pathophysiology diaibéiteas freisin le forbairt deacrachtaí, mar shampla damáiste do soithigh fhuil, néaróga, agus orgáin, a d'fhéadfadh fadhbanna sláinte tromchúiseacha a bheith acu mar ghalar croí, stróc, galar duáin, agus caillteanas radharc.
Tá tuiscint ar pathophysiology diaibéiteas ríthábhachtach chun cóireálacha éifeachtacha agus straitéisí cosanta a fhorbairt don ghalar ainsealach seo.
Biochemistry and pathophysiology of diabetes. Proceedings of conference on pathophysiology and treatment of diabetes mellitus. 1990. Mol Cell Biochem. 1992, 109 (2): 97-204.
Surampudi PN, John-Kalarickal J, Fonseca VA: Emerging concepts in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Mt Sinai J Med. 2009, 76 (3): 216-26.
Johnson D: Selected pathophysiology of diabetes. Semin Perioper Nurs. 1998, 7 (3): 164-78.
Hirsch IB: The changing faces of diabetes. Prim Care. 2003, 30 (3): 499-510.
Guthrie RA, Guthrie DW: Pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus. Crit Care Nurs Q. , 27 (2): 113-25.
Felig P: Pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus. Med Clin North Am. 1971, 55 (4): 821-34.
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What is pathophysiology of diabetes?
Pathophysiology of diabetes refers to the study of the disordered physiological processes that lead to the development of diabetes mellitus.
Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by high blood sugar (glucose) levels that result from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both.
The pathophysiology of diabetes involves the complex interplay of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors that contribute to the development of the disease.
In type 1 diabetes, the pathophysiology involves an autoimmune destruction of the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas, leading to a deficiency in insulin production.
This results in an inability to regulate blood glucose levels, leading to hyperglycemia (high blood sugar).
In type 2 diabetes, the pathophysiology is more complex and involves both insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion.
Insulin resistance occurs when the body's cells do not respond properly to insulin, leading to an inability to effectively use glucose for energy.
This causes the pancreas to produce more insulin to try to overcome the resistance, but over time, the pancreas may not be able to keep up with the demand, leading to a decrease in insulin production.
Gestational diabetes, which occurs during pregnancy, is caused by hormonal changes that lead to insulin resistance.
The placenta produces hormones that can block the action of insulin, leading to an increase in blood glucose levels.
The pathophysiology of diabetes also involves the development of complications, such as damage to blood vessels, nerves, and organs, which can lead to serious health problems like heart disease, stroke, kidney disease, and vision loss.
Understanding the pathophysiology of diabetes is crucial for developing effective treatments and prevention strategies for this chronic disease.
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