Menene ilimin halittar jiki na cutar sankarar nono?
Pathophysiology na ciwon nono yana nufin canje-canje na al'ada a cikin al'amuran ilimin lissafi na yau da kullun da hanyoyin da ke faruwa a cikin ci gaba da ci gaban cutar sankarar nono.
Ya ƙunshi nazarin tushen tsarin ilimin halittu da kwayoyin halitta wanda ke haifar da ci gaba da yaduwar ƙwayoyin kansa a cikin ƙwayar nono.
Wannan ya haɗa da abubuwan da ke tattare da kwayoyin halitta, epigenetic, da muhalli waɗanda ke ba da gudummawa ga farawa, haɓakawa, da ci gaban cutar sankarar mama.
Wasu daga cikin mahimman canje-canje na ilimin lissafi a cikin cutar sankarar nono sun haɗa da:
1. Canjin halittar jini: Canje-canje a wasu kwayoyin halitta, kamar su BRCA1 da BRCA2, na iya kara hadarin kamuwa da cutar sankarar nono.
Wadannan maye gurbi na iya zama gado ko kuma samu a lokacin rayuwar mutum.
2. Rashin daidaiton hormonal: Hormones, musamman estrogen, na iya taka rawa wajen haɓakawa da haɓakar cutar sankarar mama.
Rashin daidaitawa a matakan hormone ko kuma yawan isrogen zai iya ƙara haɗarin ciwon nono.
3. Kumburi: Kumburi na kullum a cikin ƙwayar nono na iya taimakawa wajen ci gaban cutar sankarar nono ta hanyar haɓaka haɓakar ƙwayoyin kansa da rayuwa.
4. Yanayin ƙwayar cuta: Yanayin da ke kewaye da ƙwayar cuta, har da ƙwayoyin cuta, ƙwayoyin garkuwar jiki, da jijiyoyin jini, na iya shafar girma da yaɗuwar ciwon nono.
5. Metastasis: Ciwon nono zai iya yaɗuwa zuwa wasu ɓangarorin jiki ta hanyar lymphatic system ko jini, yana kaiwa ga samuwar wasu tumo a wasu ɓangarorin jiki.
Fahimtar ilimin cututtukan ƙwayar nono yana da mahimmanci don haɓaka ingantaccen rigakafi, ganowa da wuri, da dabarun magani.
Underwood SM: Breast cancer in African American women: nursing essentials. ABNF J. , 17 (1): 3-14.
Paliwal SR, Paliwal R, Agrawal GP, Vyas SP: Liposomal nanomedicine for breast cancer therapy. Nanomedicine (Lond). 2011, 6 (6): 1085-100.
Rauch GM, Adrada BE: Comparison of Breast MR Imaging with Molecular Breast Imaging in Breast Cancer Screening, Diagnosis, Staging, and Treatment Response Evaluation. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 2018, 26 (2): 273-280.
Wei H, Wang H, Ji Q, Sun J, Tao L, Zhou X: NRBP1 is downregulated in breast cancer and NRBP1 overexpression inhibits cancer cell proliferation through Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Onco Targets Ther. 2015, 8 (): 3721-30.
Eden JA: Human breast cancer stem cells and sex hormones--a narrative review. Menopause. 2010, 17 (4): 801-10.
Schneider BP, Winer EP, Foulkes WD, Garber J, Perou CM, Richardson A, Sledge GW, Carey LA: Triple-negative breast cancer: risk factors to potential targets. Clin Cancer Res. 2008, 14 (24): 8010-8.
['Bayanin sanarwa: likita']
['Wannan shafin yanar gizon don ilimantarwa ne kawai ba don ba da shawara ko kuma ba da shawara ta likita ba.']
['Bai kamata a yi amfani da bayanin da aka bayar don gano ko magance matsalar lafiya ko cuta ba, kuma waɗanda suke neman shawarar likita na sirri ya kamata su tuntuɓi likitan da ke da lasisi.']
['Lura cewa hanyar sadarwar jijiyoyin da ke samar da amsoshin tambayoyin, ba ta da daidaito musamman idan ya zo ga abun cikin lamba. Misali, yawan mutanen da aka gano suna da takamaiman cuta.']
["Koyaushe nemi shawarar likitanka ko wani ƙwararren mai ba da lafiya game da yanayin likita. Kada ka taɓa yin watsi da shawarar likita ko jinkiri wajen neman ta saboda wani abu da ka karanta a wannan rukunin yanar gizon. Idan kuna tsammanin kuna da matsalar gaggawa ta likita, kira 911 ko je zuwa ɗakin gaggawa mafi kusa nan da nan. Babu wata alaƙar likita da mara lafiya da aka ƙirƙira ta wannan rukunin yanar gizon ko amfaninsa. BioMedLib ko ma'aikatanta, ko kowane mai ba da gudummawa ga wannan rukunin yanar gizon, ba su yin kowane wakilci, bayyane ko a bayyane, dangane da bayanan da aka bayar a nan ko amfaninsa."]
['Bayanin haƙƙin mallaka']
['Dokar haƙƙin mallaka ta Millennium ta 1998, 17 U.S.C. § 512 (DMCA) tana ba da damar neman masu haƙƙin mallaka waɗanda suka yi imanin cewa kayan da ke bayyana a Intanet sun keta haƙƙinsu a ƙarƙashin dokar haƙƙin mallaka ta Amurka. ']
['Idan kun yi imani da gaskiya cewa duk wani abun ciki ko kayan da aka samar dangane da gidan yanar gizon mu ko ayyukanmu ya keta haƙƙin mallaka, ku (ko wakilin ku) na iya aiko mana da sanarwa don neman cire abun ciki ko kayan, ko toshe damar zuwa gare shi. ']
["Dole ne a aika da sanarwa a rubuce ta hanyar imel (duba sashin 'Saduwa' don adireshin imel). "]
['DMCA tana buƙatar sanarwar ku game da zargin keta haƙƙin mallaka ya haɗa da waɗannan bayanan: (1) bayanin aikin haƙƙin mallaka wanda shine batun zargin cin zarafin; (2) bayanin abin da ake zargi da cin zarafin abun ciki da kuma isasshen bayani don ba mu damar gano abun ciki; (3) bayanin tuntuɓar ku, gami da adireshin ku, lambar tarho da adireshin imel; (4) sanarwa daga gare ku cewa kuna da kyakkyawan imani cewa abun cikin yadda ake korafin ba shi da izinin mai haƙƙin mallaka, ko wakilinsa, ko ta aikin kowace doka; ']
['(5) sanarwa daga gare ku, wanda aka sanya hannu a ƙarƙashin hukuncin shaidar zur, cewa bayanin da ke cikin sanarwar daidai ne kuma kuna da ikon aiwatar da haƙƙin mallaka wanda ake zargin an keta shi; ']
['da (6) sa hannu na zahiri ko na lantarki na mai haƙƙin mallaka ko mutumin da aka ba shi izinin yin aiki a madadin mai haƙƙin mallaka. ']
['Rashin hada dukkan bayanan da ke sama na iya haifar da jinkiri wajen aiwatar da korafin ka.']
['Tuntuɓi']
['Da fatan za a aiko mana da imel tare da kowace tambaya / shawara.']
What is pathophysiology of breast cancer?
Pathophysiology of breast cancer refers to the abnormal changes in the normal physiological processes and mechanisms that occur in the development and progression of breast cancer.
It involves the study of the underlying biological and molecular mechanisms that lead to the uncontrolled growth and spread of cancer cells in the breast tissue.
This includes the genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors that contribute to the initiation, promotion, and progression of breast cancer.
Some of the key pathophysiological changes in breast cancer include:
1. Genetic mutations: Mutations in certain genes, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2, can increase the risk of developing breast cancer.
These mutations can be inherited or acquired during a person's lifetime.
2. Hormonal imbalances: Hormones, particularly estrogen, can play a role in the development and growth of breast cancer.
An imbalance in hormone levels or exposure to excess estrogen can increase the risk of breast cancer.
3. Inflammation: Chronic inflammation in the breast tissue can contribute to the development of breast cancer by promoting the growth and survival of cancer cells.
4. Tumor microenvironment: The environment surrounding the tumor, including the extracellular matrix, immune cells, and blood vessels, can influence the growth and spread of breast cancer.
5. Metastasis: Breast cancer can spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or bloodstream, leading to the formation of secondary tumors in distant organs.
Understanding the pathophysiology of breast cancer is crucial for developing effective prevention, early detection, and treatment strategies.
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