Maammuan ti kanser ti bara babaen ti nagduduma a panangeksamen ken pamay-an, a mabalin a pakairamanan ti:
1. Pakasaritaan ti salun-at ken pisikal a panangeksamen: Agsaludsod ti doktor maipapan kadagiti sintoma, panagsigarilio, ken pakasaritaan ti pamilia nga addaan iti kanser iti bara.
Mangaramidda met iti pisikal a panangeksamen tapno kitaenda no adda aniaman a pagilasinan ti sakit.
2. Imaging tests: Dagiti chest X-ray ken computed tomography (CT) scan ti gagangay a maus-usar a mangpartuat kadagiti detalyado a ladawan ti bara ken dagiti aglawlawna a paset.
Makatulong dagitoy a panangeksamen a mangilasin kadagiti abnormalidad, kas kadagiti tumor wenno nodule, a mabalin a mangipasimudaag iti kanser iti bara.
3. Sputum cytology: Ti maysa a sample ti sputum-mo (naibleng a nagayus manipud iti bara) ket masukimat babaen ti mikroskopio tapno agbirok kadagiti selula ti kanser.
4. Biopsy: Maala ti maysa a sample ti tisyu ti bara ken masukimat babaen iti mikroskopio tapno maammuan no adda dagiti selula ti kanser.
Maaramid daytoy babaen ti bronchoscopy, needle biopsy, wenno surgical biopsy.
5. Bronchoscopy: Maysa a naingpis, naraniag a tubo nga addaan kamera ti maiserrek iti agong wenno ngiwat ken agpababa iti karabukob tapno masukimat dagiti pagangsan ken bara.
Mabalin met nga usaren daytoy a pamay-an tapno makaala kadagiti sample ti tisyu para iti biopsy.
6. Fine-needle aspiration (FNA): Maipisok ti naingpis a dagum iti lung nodule wenno mass tapno maala ti maysa a sample dagiti selula a maeksamen.
7. Thoracentesis: Maala ti pluido manipud iti nagbaetan ti bara ken diding ti barukong babaen ti panangusar iti dagum, ket kalpasanna masukimat ti pluido no adda dagiti selula ti kanser.
8. Panangeksamen iti Dara: Nupay dagiti panangeksamen iti dara laeng ket saan a makailasin iti kanser iti bara, makatulongda a mangammo iti sapasap a kasasaad ti salun-at ti pasiente ken mangilasin iti aniaman a di normal a mabalin a mangipamatmat iti kaadda ti kanser.
9. Bone scan, MRI, PET scan, ken dadduma pay a panangeksamen: Mabalin a mausar dagitoy a panangeksamen tapno maammuan no nagsaknapen ti kanser iti dadduma a paset ti bagi.
Apaman a nadayagnos ti kanser iti bara, mabalin a maaramid ti kanayonan a panangeksamen tapno maammuan ti kasasaad ti kanser, a makatulong a mangiturong kadagiti pangngeddeng iti panangagas.
Mabalin a ramanen dagitoy a panangeksamen ti ad-adu pay a panangiladawan, kas iti CT scan ti utek, bone scan, wenno positron emission tomography (PET) scan.
Zhou P, Lu F, Wang J, Wang K, Liu B, Li N, Tang B: A portable point-of-care testing system to diagnose lung cancer through the detection of exosomal miRNA in urine and saliva. Chem Commun (Camb). 2020, 56 (63): 8968-8971.
Ni J, Guo Z, Zhang L: [The diagnostic significance of single or combination lung cancer-related serum biomarkers in high risk lung cancer patients]. Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi. 2016, 55 (1): 25-30.
Nishiyama N, Nakatani S, Iwasa R, Taguchi S, Inoue K, Kinoshita H: [Differential diagnosis between peripheral lung cancer invading the chest wall and chest-wall tumors]. Kyobu Geka. 1997, 50 (10): 893-7.
Kang C, Wang D, Zhang X, Wang L, Wang F, Chen J: Construction and Validation of a Lung Cancer Diagnostic Model Based on 6-Gene Methylation Frequency in Blood, Clinical Features, and Serum Tumor Markers. Comput Math Methods Med. 2021, 2021 (): 9987067.
Heydari F, Rafsanjani MK: A Review on Lung Cancer Diagnosis Using Data Mining Algorithms. Curr Med Imaging. 2021, 17 (1): 16-26.
Li L, Feng T, Zhang W, Gao S, Wang R, Lv W, Zhu T, Yu H, Qian B: MicroRNA Biomarker hsa-miR-195-5p for Detecting the Risk of Lung Cancer. Int J Genomics. 2020, 2020 (): 7415909.
Li B, Yuan Q, Zou YT, Su T, Lin Q, Zhang YQ, Shi WQ, Liang RB, Ge QM, Li QY, Shao Y: CA-125, CA-153, and CYFRA21-1 as clinical indicators in male lung cancer with ocular metastasis. J Cancer. 2020, 11 (10): 2730-2736.
Magee ND, Villaumie JS, Marple ET, Ennis M, Elborn JS, McGarvey JJ: Ex vivo diagnosis of lung cancer using a Raman miniprobe. J Phys Chem B. 2009, 113 (23): 8137-41.
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How is lung cancer diagnosed?
Lung cancer is diagnosed through a combination of tests and procedures, which may include:
1. Medical history and physical examination: The doctor will ask about your symptoms, smoking history, and family history of lung cancer.
They will also perform a physical examination to check for any signs of the disease.
2. Imaging tests: Chest X-rays and computed tomography (CT) scans are commonly used to create detailed images of the lungs and surrounding structures.
These tests can help detect abnormalities, such as tumors or nodules, that may indicate the presence of lung cancer.
3. Sputum cytology: A sample of your sputum (mucus coughed up from the lungs) is examined under a microscope to look for cancer cells.
4. Biopsy: A sample of lung tissue is removed and examined under a microscope to determine if cancer cells are present.
This can be done through a bronchoscopy, needle biopsy, or surgical biopsy.
5. Bronchoscopy: A thin, lighted tube with a camera is inserted through the nose or mouth and down the throat to examine the airways and lungs.
This procedure can also be used to collect tissue samples for biopsy.
6. Fine-needle aspiration (FNA): A thin needle is inserted into the lung nodule or mass to collect a sample of cells for examination.
7. Thoracentesis: Fluid is removed from the space between the lungs and chest wall using a needle, and the fluid is then examined for cancer cells.
8. Blood tests: While blood tests alone cannot diagnose lung cancer, they can help determine the overall health of the patient and identify any abnormalities that may indicate the presence of cancer.
9. Bone scan, mri, pet scan, and other tests: These tests may be used to determine if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.
Once lung cancer is diagnosed, additional tests may be performed to determine the stage of the cancer, which helps guide treatment decisions.
These tests may include more imaging tests, such as a CT scan of the brain, bone scan, or positron emission tomography (PET) scan.
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