Penyakit Alzheimer didiagnosis liwat kombinasi metode, kalebu evaluasi medis sing tliti, tes kognitif lan neuropsikologis, pencitraan otak, lan proses ngilangi sebab-sebab liyane sing bisa ditindakake.
1. Evaluasi medis: Dokter bakal nindakake pemeriksaan fisik lan njupuk riwayat medis sing rinci kanggo ngilangi sebab-sebab liyane sing bisa nyebabake mundhut memori utawa penurunan kognitif, kayata masalah tiroid, kekurangan vitamin, utawa tumor otak.
2. Tes kognitif lan neuropsikologis: Tes iki ngevaluasi memori, basa, pemecahan masalah, lan fungsi kognitif liyane kanggo nemtokake tingkat gangguan kognitif lan mbedakake antarane mundhut memori sing gegandhengan karo umur lan demensia.
3. Imaging otak: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) utawa computed tomography (CT) scan bisa mbantu ngenali owah-owahan struktural ing otak sing bisa nuduhake penyakit Alzheimer.
Pemindaian tomografi emisi positron (PET) uga bisa digunakake kanggo ngukur tingkat protein tartamtu sing ana gandhengane karo penyakit Alzheimer.
4. Tes getih: Riset anyar nuduhake manawa tes getih tartamtu bisa mbantu diagnosa penyakit Alzheimer kanthi ngukur tingkat protein utawa biomarker tartamtu sing ana gandhengane karo penyakit kasebut.
5. Proses eliminasi: Amarga ora ana tes definitif kanggo penyakit Alzheimer, diagnosis asring kalebu ngilangi sebab-sebab liyane sing bisa nyebabake gejala kaya demensia.
Penting kanggo dicathet yen diagnosis definitif penyakit Alzheimer mung bisa digawe sawise pati liwat pemeriksaan jaringan otak.
Nanging, metode diagnostik saiki bisa nyedhiyakake tingkat kepastian sing dhuwur kanggo diagnosis klinis nalika wong kasebut isih urip.
Diagnosis awal penting kanggo miwiti perawatan lan ngrencanakake masa depan.
Liu SS, Zhu SQ: [Correlation between Alzheimer disease and cataract]. Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi. 2017, 53 (4): 314-316.
Gauthier S: Practical guidelines for the antemortem diagnosis of senile dementia of the Alzheimer type. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 1985, 9 (5-6): 491-5.
Rubin R: New Test to Help Diagnose Alzheimer Disease. JAMA. 2022, 327 (23): 2281.
[Blood Based Biomarker for Optimization of Early and Differential Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Dementia]. Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr. 2022, 90 (7-08): 326-335.
Kapp MB: Physicians' legal duties regarding the use of genetic tests to predict and diagnose Alzheimer disease. J Leg Med. 2000, 21 (4): 445-75.
Britschgi M, Wyss-Coray T: Blood protein signature for the early diagnosis of Alzheimer disease. Arch Neurol. 2009, 66 (2): 161-5.
Volicer L, Berman SA, Cipolloni PB, Mandell A: Persistent vegetative state in Alzheimer disease. Does it exist? Arch Neurol. 1997, 54 (11): 1382-4.
Imabayashi E, Saitoh Y, Tsukamoto T, Sakata M, Takano H: Combination of Astrogliosis and Phosphorylated Tau for the Preclinical Diagnosis of Alzheimer Disease Using 3-Dimensional Stereotactic Surface Projection Images With 18 F-THK5351. Clin Nucl Med. 2022, 47 (12): 1066-1068.
Martínez A, Lahiri DK, Giacobini E, Greig NH: Advances in Alzheimer therapy: understanding pharmacological approaches to the disease. Curr Alzheimer Res. 2009, 6 (2): 83-5.
Penafian: medis
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Informasi sing diwenehake ora kudu digunakake kanggo diagnosa utawa ngobati masalah utawa penyakit kesehatan, lan wong-wong sing golek saran medis pribadi kudu takon karo dokter sing duwe lisensi.
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How is alzheimer diagnosed?
Alzheimer's disease is diagnosed through a combination of methods, including a thorough medical evaluation, cognitive and neuropsychological tests, brain imaging, and the process of elimination of other possible causes.
1. Medical evaluation: A doctor will perform a physical examination and take a detailed medical history to rule out other possible causes of memory loss or cognitive decline, such as thyroid problems, vitamin deficiencies, or brain tumors.
2. Cognitive and neuropsychological tests: These tests assess memory, language, problem-solving, and other cognitive functions to determine the extent of cognitive impairment and to differentiate between normal age-related memory loss and dementia.
3. Brain imaging: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) scans can help identify structural changes in the brain that may indicate Alzheimer's disease.
Positron emission tomography (PET) scans can also be used to measure the levels of certain proteins associated with Alzheimer's disease.
4. Blood tests: Recent research has shown that certain blood tests can help diagnose Alzheimer's disease by measuring the levels of specific proteins or biomarkers associated with the disease.
5. Process of elimination: Since there is no single definitive test for Alzheimer's disease, diagnosis often involves ruling out other possible causes of dementia-like symptoms.
It is important to note that a definitive diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease can only be made after death through an examination of brain tissue.
However, current diagnostic methods can provide a high level of certainty for a clinical diagnosis while the person is still alive.
Early diagnosis is important for starting treatment and planning for the future.
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