Andũ aingĩ nĩmekĩaa ũkunĩkĩli nĩ kana mamanye ethĩwa mũndũ e na ũwau ũsu. Kwa ngelekany'o, mũndũ nũtonya kwoneka e na ũwau wa kĩlĩko na wa kĩlĩko kwa kũmũthiana, kana kwa kũmũtũmĩa masinĩ sya kombiũta kũmanya ũndũ ũendeee, na ethĩwa ve maũndũ angĩ matonya kũtuma ethĩwa na ũwau ũsu.
1. Ndakĩtalĩ: Ndakĩtalĩ nũkũthima mwĩĩ na aimantha ũvoo ĩũlũ wa mathĩna ala mũndũ wĩ namo nĩ kana amanye ethĩwa ve maũndũ angĩ matonya kũtuma ethĩwa na thĩna wa kũlilikana kana kĩlĩko kĩyĩka maũndũ nesa. Maũndũ amwe nĩ ta kwaa kwa thyroid, kũemwa nĩ kũya syĩndũ imwe ila sya vata mwĩĩnĩ, kana kwĩthĩwa na wimbu wa w'ongo.
2. Kwĩthima kĩlĩko na ilĩko: Kwĩthima ilĩko nĩkũtumaa mũndũ amanya maũndũ ala ũlilikanaa, kĩthyomo kĩla ũtũmĩaa, ũndũ ũtonya kũmina mathĩna, na maũndũ angĩ ala mũndũ wĩkaa nĩ kana amanye ethĩwa e na wonzu mũna wa kĩlĩko.
3. Kũsisya visa wa w'ongo: Masinĩ sya MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) kana CT (computed tomography) nitonya kũtũtetheesya kũmanya kana ve moalyũku momũ wa w'ongo ala matonya kwonany'a kana mũndũ e na ũwau wa Alzheimer.
O na ĩngĩ, ĩla mũndũ wathimwa nĩ positron emission tomography (PET) nĩvatonyeka akamanya ũndũ proteins imwe ila ithũkũmaa nthĩnĩ wa mwĩĩ wa mũndũ iilyĩ.
4. Kwĩthima nthakame: Ũkunĩkĩli wa mĩtũkĩ wĩonany'a kana mũndũ no akwatwe nĩ ũwau wa Alzheimer athemba nthakame.
5. Kũsiĩĩa ũwau ũsu ndũkaumĩle: Nũndũ vai nzĩa ĩmwe ya kũmanya mũndũ e na ũwau ũsu, nĩ kana ũwau ũsu ũsisye nesa no nginya mũndũ amanye ethĩwa ve maũndũ angĩ matonya kũtuma ethĩwa na ũwau ũsu.
Nĩ ũndũ wa vata kũmanya kana mũndũ akw'a no amanye nesa kana e na ũwau ũsu ethĩwa nĩwathimawa mwĩĩ wake.
Ĩndĩ o na ũu wĩ o vo, nzĩa sya ũkunĩkĩli ila itũmĩawa ũmũnthĩ no itetheesye mũndũ kũmanya nesa kana awaĩte ũwau mũna e o thayũ.
Kũmanya mũndũ awaĩte tene nĩ kwa vata nĩ kana ũmanye ũndũ ũtonya kwosa ĩtambya yĩla yaĩlĩte na ũimanya ũndũ ũtonya kwĩka ĩvinda yũkĩte.
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Rubin R: New Test to Help Diagnose Alzheimer Disease. JAMA. 2022, 327 (23): 2281.
[Blood Based Biomarker for Optimization of Early and Differential Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Dementia]. Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr. 2022, 90 (7-08): 326-335.
Kapp MB: Physicians' legal duties regarding the use of genetic tests to predict and diagnose Alzheimer disease. J Leg Med. 2000, 21 (4): 445-75.
Britschgi M, Wyss-Coray T: Blood protein signature for the early diagnosis of Alzheimer disease. Arch Neurol. 2009, 66 (2): 161-5.
Volicer L, Berman SA, Cipolloni PB, Mandell A: Persistent vegetative state in Alzheimer disease. Does it exist? Arch Neurol. 1997, 54 (11): 1382-4.
Imabayashi E, Saitoh Y, Tsukamoto T, Sakata M, Takano H: Combination of Astrogliosis and Phosphorylated Tau for the Preclinical Diagnosis of Alzheimer Disease Using 3-Dimensional Stereotactic Surface Projection Images With 18 F-THK5351. Clin Nucl Med. 2022, 47 (12): 1066-1068.
Martínez A, Lahiri DK, Giacobini E, Greig NH: Advances in Alzheimer therapy: understanding pharmacological approaches to the disease. Curr Alzheimer Res. 2009, 6 (2): 83-5.
['Ũtao:']
["Kĩsese kĩĩ kĩseũvĩtw'e kwondũ wa kũmanyĩsya na kũtetheesya andũ, ĩndĩ ti kũnengane motao ma ũiiti kana ũtethyo ũngĩ."]
['Ũvoo ũla wĩ vo ndwaĩle kũtũmĩwa kũĩkĩĩthya kana mũndũ e na ũwau mũna, na ala mekwenda ũtao wa ũiiti maĩle kũneena na ndakĩtalĩ.']
["Kwa ngelekany'o, ĩla mũndũ wakũlya ĩkũlyo yĩ na namba, no amanye kana mũndũ ũsu e na ũwau mũna."]
['Kĩla ĩvinda neena na ndakĩtalĩ waku kana mũndũ ũngĩ ũsomeete maũndũ ma ũiiti. Ndũkaatate kũlea kana kũkua ĩvinda ũimũkũlya ũtao aĩ nũndũ wa maũndũ amwe wasoma Kĩsesenĩ kĩĩ. Ethĩwa wĩona ta wĩ na thĩna wa mĩtũkĩ, neena na namba ya 911 kana ũthi sivitalĩ ya mĩtũkĩ ĩla yĩ vakuvĩ.']
['Ũtao:']
['The Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998, 17 U.S.C. § 512 (the DMCA) nĩyaĩtye kana ala me na ũthasyo wa kumĩthya syĩndũ ila syĩ Indanetinĩ nĩmaĩle kũtata ũndũ matonya nĩ kana maĩkĩĩthye kana syĩndũ ila mekumĩthya nĩsyavĩnga mĩao ya nthĩ ya Amelika.']
['Ethĩwa wĩ na mũĩkĩĩo kana ũvoo ũla wĩ kĩsesenĩ kitũ kana nthĩnĩ wa syĩndũ ila tumasya nũvĩtĩsye mĩao yaku, no ũtũtũmĩe valũa ũũtwĩĩte kana no ũtũsiĩĩe tũikamĩsome.']
["Mĩao ya DMCA yaĩtye kana no nginya ũvoo ũla ũũtũmĩa kũtũtavya kana ve kĩndũ kĩna kĩnavĩnga mĩao ya kumĩthya syĩndũ wĩthĩwe na ũvoo ũũ: (1) ũvoo ĩũlũ wa syĩndũ ila iwetetwe kana nĩsyo ivĩngĩĩsiwe nĩ mĩao ĩsu; (2) ũvoo ĩũlũ wa syĩndũ ila iwetetwe kana nĩsyo ivĩngĩĩsiwe nĩ mĩao ĩsu na ũvoo ũtonya kũtũtetheesya kũmanya vala syĩndũ isu syĩ; (3) ũndũ ũtonya kũtũtavya ũndũ ũtonya kũtũtavya ũndũ ũtonya kũũkũlya, ta vala wĩkalaa, namba yaku ya simũ, na valũa waku wa simũ; (4) ũĩkĩĩthyo ũkwonany'a kana wĩ na mũĩkĩĩo kana syĩndũ ila iwetetwe vau iyĩtĩkĩlĩtw'e nĩ ũla wĩ na ũthasyo wa kũseũvya syĩndũ, kana nĩ mũũngamĩi wasyo, kana nĩ mĩao ĩngĩ."]
["(5) ũĩkĩĩthyo kuma kwaku, ũla ũandĩkĩte ũikĩa ũkũsĩ ũte wa w'o, kana ũvoo ũla wĩ nthĩnĩ wa livoti nĩ wa w'o na kana wĩ na ũkũmũ wa kũũngamĩa maũndũ ala mawetwa nĩ ũla ũkũũmĩw'a;"]
['Na (6) saii ya mwene syĩndũ kana mũndũ ũla ũnengetwe ũkũmũ wa kwĩka maũndũ kwondũ wake.']
Alzheimer's disease is diagnosed through a combination of methods, including a thorough medical evaluation, cognitive and neuropsychological tests, brain imaging, and the process of elimination of other possible causes.
1. Medical evaluation: A doctor will perform a physical examination and take a detailed medical history to rule out other possible causes of memory loss or cognitive decline, such as thyroid problems, vitamin deficiencies, or brain tumors.
2. Cognitive and neuropsychological tests: These tests assess memory, language, problem-solving, and other cognitive functions to determine the extent of cognitive impairment and to differentiate between normal age-related memory loss and dementia.
3. Brain imaging: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) scans can help identify structural changes in the brain that may indicate Alzheimer's disease.
Positron emission tomography (PET) scans can also be used to measure the levels of certain proteins associated with Alzheimer's disease.
4. Blood tests: Recent research has shown that certain blood tests can help diagnose Alzheimer's disease by measuring the levels of specific proteins or biomarkers associated with the disease.
5. Process of elimination: Since there is no single definitive test for Alzheimer's disease, diagnosis often involves ruling out other possible causes of dementia-like symptoms.
It is important to note that a definitive diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease can only be made after death through an examination of brain tissue.
However, current diagnostic methods can provide a high level of certainty for a clinical diagnosis while the person is still alive.
Early diagnosis is important for starting treatment and planning for the future.
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