Ũwau ũsu wĩtawa urticaria, wĩthĩawa na mavũũ matune, na makany'a mũno.
No ũnyw'e ndawa sya mũthemba mũna na ũyĩthĩa ndwĩ na vinya wa kũmĩeka.
Nĩ kana ũmanye kana mũndũ e na ũwau ũsu, no ũmũthime ndakĩtalĩ, na aimũthiana mwĩĩ wake.
1. Maũndũ ala mũndũ wĩthĩĩtwe namo: Ndakĩtalĩ akamakũlasya ĩũlũ wa mathĩna ala mamũkwatĩte, ta ethĩwa eĩ na thĩna wa kũemwa nĩ kũya syĩndũ imwe, ethĩwa nũwaĩte mĩtũkĩ, na ethĩwa nũnyusaa ndawa.
O na ĩngĩ, nĩmatonya kũkũlya ethĩwa nũkwambĩĩa kwĩthĩwa na mathĩna asu, mamina ĩvinda yĩana ata, na nĩ kyaũ kĩtonya kwĩthĩwa kĩtumĩte ethĩwa namo.
2. Kũthima mwĩĩ: Ndakĩtalĩ nũsiasya mwĩĩ nĩ kana amanye ethĩwa ve tũlungu tũnini tũilyĩ ta mavũũ, tũlungu tũu twĩana ata, na tũlungu tũu twĩ va.
O na ĩngĩ, nĩmatonya kũsisya ethĩwa ve maũndũ angĩ matonya kũtuma mũndũ awaa nĩ kĩndũ kĩna, ta kũthata ũthyũ, ilomo, kana ũĩmĩ.
3. Kwĩthima: Mavinda amwe ndakĩtalĩ no atw'e mũndũ ekwe ũkunĩkĩli wa nthakame nĩ kana amanye ethĩwa e na ũwau mũna ũũmũthĩny'a kana nde na ũwau ũngĩ.
O na ĩngĩ, no ũtũmĩe syĩndũ ta kathembe kana kĩndũ kĩngĩ kĩ na sumu nĩ kana ũmanye ethĩwa nũwaĩte ũwau ũsu.
4. Kũthima mũndũ ethĩwa e na ũndũ ũũmũthĩny'a mwĩĩ: Ndakĩtalĩ nũtonya kwona mũndũ ũsu e na ũndũ ũũmũthĩny'a mwĩĩ, na aimũtwaa kwa ndakĩtalĩ ũngĩ ũsomeete maũndũ ma mwĩĩ.
Nzĩa isu nĩ ta kwĩthiana na kĩndũ kĩ na sumu kĩ na langi wĩ kĩvathũkany'o, kwĩthiana na kĩndũ kĩ na sumu kĩ na langi wĩ kĩvathũkany'o, kana kwĩthiana na nthakame nĩ kana ũmanye kĩndũ kĩla kĩũtuma mũndũ awaa nĩ sumu.
5. No amanye kĩla kĩtumĩte mũndũ ethĩwa na mathĩna asu. Ndakĩtalĩ no amanye ethĩwa mũndũ e na mathĩna angĩ ma mwĩĩ kana ma mwĩĩ, na no atw'e kana mũndũ ũsu nĩwaĩle kũthĩnw'a nĩ ũwau ũngĩ nĩ kana ndakese kwĩthĩwa na mathĩna asu.
6. Kwĩthima mũndũ e na ũwau ũsu: Ĩla mũndũ weethĩa e na ũwau ũsu nũndũ wa kũvyũva, kũthithw'a, kana kũvinyĩĩwa, ndakĩtalĩ no atũmĩe ũkunĩkĩli ũngĩ nĩ kana amanye ethĩwa e na ũwau ũsu.
Nzĩa ĩmwe nĩ kwa kwĩkĩa kĩndũ kĩ na sumu kĩthũinĩ nĩ kana ũmanye ethĩwa kĩkaũũmĩsya.
7. Kwĩthima maũndũ ala matonya kũtuma mwĩĩ ũemwa nĩ kũkita na mowau: Mavinda amwe ĩla mũndũ e na ũwau ũsu, ndakĩtalĩ no avange mũndũ ekwe ũkunĩkĩli amanye ethĩwa mwĩĩ wake ndũnaemwa nĩ kũkita na mowau ala matonya kũtuma mwĩĩ ũemwa nĩ kũkita na mowau.
8. Kwĩthima na masinĩ sya kombiũta: Mavinda amwe mũndũ no ekĩwe ũkunĩkĩli wa kombiũta nĩ kana amanye ethĩwa ve maũndũ angĩ matonya kũtuma ethĩwa na mathĩna ta asu.
Mavinda maingĩ mũndũ ayĩsa kũmanya kana e na ũwau ũsu ethĩawa asisya maũndũ ala mamũkwatie tene, ũkunĩkĩli ũla ũnekiwe, na mavinda angĩ ũkunĩkĩli ũla wĩkĩawa ndukanĩ.
Torabi B, Ben-Shoshan M: The association of cholinergic and cold-induced urticaria: diagnosis and management. BMJ Case Rep. 2015, 2015 (): .
Schoepke N, Doumoulakis G, Maurer M: Diagnosis of urticaria. Indian J Dermatol. 2013, 58 (3): 211-8.
Hochstadter EF, Ben-Shoshan M: Cold-induced urticaria: challenges in diagnosis and management. BMJ Case Rep. 2013, 2013 (): .
Ensina LF, Brandão LS, Neto HC, Ben-Shoshan M: Urticaria and angioedema in children and adolescents: diagnostic challenge. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2022, 50 (S Pt 1): 17-29.
Silvestre Salvador JF, Giménez-Arnau AM, Gómez de la Fuente E, González Del Castillo J, Martínez Virto AM, Miguens Blanco I, Serra-Baldrich E, Llorens P: Managing urticaria in the emergency department: recommendations of a multidisciplinary expert panel. Emergencias. 2021, 33 (4): 299-308.
Visitsuntorn N, Tuchinda M, Arunyanark N, Kerdsomnuk S: Ice cube test in children with cold urticaria. Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol. 1992, 10 (2): 111-5.
['Ũtao:']
["Kĩsese kĩĩ kĩseũvĩtw'e kwondũ wa kũmanyĩsya na kũtetheesya andũ, ĩndĩ ti kũnengane motao ma ũiiti kana ũtethyo ũngĩ."]
['Ũvoo ũla wĩ vo ndwaĩle kũtũmĩwa kũĩkĩĩthya kana mũndũ e na ũwau mũna, na ala mekwenda ũtao wa ũiiti maĩle kũneena na ndakĩtalĩ.']
["Kwa ngelekany'o, ĩla mũndũ wakũlya ĩkũlyo yĩ na namba, no amanye kana mũndũ ũsu e na ũwau mũna."]
['Kĩla ĩvinda neena na ndakĩtalĩ waku kana mũndũ ũngĩ ũsomeete maũndũ ma ũiiti. Ndũkaatate kũlea kana kũkua ĩvinda ũimũkũlya ũtao aĩ nũndũ wa maũndũ amwe wasoma Kĩsesenĩ kĩĩ. Ethĩwa wĩona ta wĩ na thĩna wa mĩtũkĩ, neena na namba ya 911 kana ũthi sivitalĩ ya mĩtũkĩ ĩla yĩ vakuvĩ.']
['Ũtao:']
['The Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998, 17 U.S.C. § 512 (the DMCA) nĩyaĩtye kana ala me na ũthasyo wa kumĩthya syĩndũ ila syĩ Indanetinĩ nĩmaĩle kũtata ũndũ matonya nĩ kana maĩkĩĩthye kana syĩndũ ila mekumĩthya nĩsyavĩnga mĩao ya nthĩ ya Amelika.']
['Ethĩwa wĩ na mũĩkĩĩo kana ũvoo ũla wĩ kĩsesenĩ kitũ kana nthĩnĩ wa syĩndũ ila tumasya nũvĩtĩsye mĩao yaku, no ũtũtũmĩe valũa ũũtwĩĩte kana no ũtũsiĩĩe tũikamĩsome.']
["Mĩao ya DMCA yaĩtye kana no nginya ũvoo ũla ũũtũmĩa kũtũtavya kana ve kĩndũ kĩna kĩnavĩnga mĩao ya kumĩthya syĩndũ wĩthĩwe na ũvoo ũũ: (1) ũvoo ĩũlũ wa syĩndũ ila iwetetwe kana nĩsyo ivĩngĩĩsiwe nĩ mĩao ĩsu; (2) ũvoo ĩũlũ wa syĩndũ ila iwetetwe kana nĩsyo ivĩngĩĩsiwe nĩ mĩao ĩsu na ũvoo ũtonya kũtũtetheesya kũmanya vala syĩndũ isu syĩ; (3) ũndũ ũtonya kũtũtavya ũndũ ũtonya kũtũtavya ũndũ ũtonya kũũkũlya, ta vala wĩkalaa, namba yaku ya simũ, na valũa waku wa simũ; (4) ũĩkĩĩthyo ũkwonany'a kana wĩ na mũĩkĩĩo kana syĩndũ ila iwetetwe vau iyĩtĩkĩlĩtw'e nĩ ũla wĩ na ũthasyo wa kũseũvya syĩndũ, kana nĩ mũũngamĩi wasyo, kana nĩ mĩao ĩngĩ."]
["(5) ũĩkĩĩthyo kuma kwaku, ũla ũandĩkĩte ũikĩa ũkũsĩ ũte wa w'o, kana ũvoo ũla wĩ nthĩnĩ wa livoti nĩ wa w'o na kana wĩ na ũkũmũ wa kũũngamĩa maũndũ ala mawetwa nĩ ũla ũkũũmĩw'a;"]
['Na (6) saii ya mwene syĩndũ kana mũndũ ũla ũnengetwe ũkũmũ wa kwĩka maũndũ kwondũ wake.']
Urticaria, also known as hives, is a skin condition characterized by the appearance of red, itchy, and swollen welts on the skin.
It can be caused by a variety of factors, including allergic reactions, infections, and certain medications.
Diagnosing urticaria involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and sometimes laboratory tests.
1. Medical history: The doctor will ask about the patient's medical history, including any known allergies, recent illnesses, and medications taken.
They will also inquire about the onset of symptoms, their duration, and any potential triggers.
2. Physical examination: The doctor will examine the skin for the presence of welts, their size, and distribution.
They may also check for other signs of an allergic reaction, such as swelling of the face, lips, or tongue.
3. Laboratory tests: In some cases, the doctor may order blood tests to check for the presence of allergies or infections.
Skin tests, such as a skin prick test or patch test, may also be performed to identify specific allergens.
4. Allergy tests: If the doctor suspects an allergic reaction, they may refer the patient to an allergist for further testing.
This may include skin prick tests, patch tests, or blood tests to identify specific allergens.
5. Differential diagnosis: The doctor will also consider other possible causes of the symptoms, such as other skin conditions or underlying medical conditions, and may order additional tests to rule these out.
6. Provocation tests: In cases of physical urticaria, where the hives are triggered by physical stimuli such as heat, cold, or pressure, the doctor may perform a provocation test to confirm the diagnosis.
This involves exposing the skin to the suspected trigger to see if a reaction occurs.
7. Autoimmune tests: In cases of chronic urticaria, the doctor may order tests to check for autoimmune disorders, as these can sometimes cause the condition.
8. Imaging tests: In rare cases, imaging tests such as an X-ray or CT scan may be ordered to rule out other conditions that may cause similar symptoms.
Overall, diagnosing urticaria involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and sometimes laboratory tests.
The goal is to identify the underlying cause and determine the best course of treatment for the patient.
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