What are the risk factors for Depression?

['Welisi hɔɔlʋʋ kʋnɛ']

Ɛbɛ pɩzɩɣ piyele nɛ ɛyʋ sʋʋ laŋwɛɛkɩyɛ taa?

Lɩmaɣza wena apɩzɩɣ ayele nɛ ɛyʋ sʋʋ kʋñɔŋ nakʋyʋ taa yɔ, a-taa naayɛ yɔ:

1. Ñamtʋ: Ye nɔɔyʋ ɛwɛnɩ lɩmaɣza taa kʋdɔŋ yɔ, pɩpɩzɩɣ nɛ pɩkpazɩ-ɩ ɖoŋ.

2. (a) Ɛzɩma tomnaɣ lakɩ tʋmɩyɛ yɔ: Ye tomnaɣ taa wondu natʋyʋ ɛfɛyɩ camɩyɛ yɔ, tɩpɩzɩɣ tiyele nɛ ɛyʋ sʋʋ laŋwɛɛkɩyɛ taa. (b) Nɛ ɛbɛ yɔɔ?

3. Ɛyʋtʋ: Ɛyaa mba pɛwɛnɩ wɛtʋ kɩdɛkɛdɩtʋ ɛzɩ tɩ kpazʋʋ, lɩmaɣza kɩdɛkɛda wɛnʋʋ lalaa yɔɔ, yaa pa-maɣmaɣ pɔ-yɔɔ maɣzʋʋ kadadayaɣ yɔ, pɩpɩzɩɣ piyele nɛ pɛwɛɛnɩ lɩmaɣza taa kʋdɔŋ.

4 Wezuu caɣʋ taa kala: Ye ɛyʋ ɛwɛ nɩɣzɛ taa nɛ ɛ-ɛyʋ kʋsɔɔlʋ nɔɔyʋ sɩba, yaa ye halʋ nɛ ɛ-walʋ pekizi ɖama, yaa ye liidiye tɔm ɛcɛyɩɣ-ɩ yaa ye elesi ɛ-tʋmɩyɛ yɔ, pɩpɩzɩɣ nɛ pɩkɔnɩ-ɩ laŋwɛɛkɩyɛ.

5. Kʋdɔmɩŋ nɩɩyɩ: Kʋdɔmɩŋ nɩɩyɩ ɛzɩ wɩzasɩ nzɩ sɩɩtɛŋ yɔ, kansɛɛrɩ yaa laŋɩyɛ kʋdɔŋ pɩzɩɣ piyele nɛ ɛyʋ sʋʋ laŋwɛɛkɩyɛ taa.

6. Fɛɖʋnaa: Fɛɖʋnaa nabɛyɛ ɛzɩ stéroïdes waa yaa calɩm ɖoŋ ñɩmbʋ yɔ, papɩzɩɣ nɛ pacamɩ ɛyʋ.

7. (a) Lakasɩ kɩdɛkɛdɩsɩ nzɩ sɩpɩzɩɣ nɛ sɩkɔnɩ ɛyʋ laŋwɛɛkɩyɛ yɔ: (b) Ɛzɩma ɖɩpɩzɩɣ nɛ ɖɩlʋbɩnɩ lɩmaɣza kɩdɛkɛda?

8. (a) Pɩnzɩ: Paa ɛyʋ ɛwɛnɩ pɩnzɩ ɛzɩma yɔ, ɛpɩzɩɣ nɛ ɛwɛɛnɩ lɩmaɣza taa kʋdɔŋ.

9 Abalʋ yaa halʋ: Halaa katɩɣ nɩɣzɛ nɛ pɩkɩlɩ abalaa.

10. (a) Ɛzɩma ɛyʋ pɩzɩɣ nɛ ɛwɛɛ e-ɖeke? (b) Ye nɔɔyʋ ɛfɛyɩnɩ taabalʋ nɔɔyʋ nɛ ɛfɛyɩnɩ ɖɔɖɔ lɩmaɣza se ɛ-tɔm kɛdɩnɩ lalaa yɔ, ɛzɩma pɩpɩzɩɣ nɛ pɩkpazɩ-ɩ ɖoŋ nɛ ɛwɛɛnɩ laŋwɛɛkɩyɛ?

Pɩcɛyaa se ɖɩtɩlɩ se ye ɖɩwɛnɩ wɛtʋ ndʋ tɩpɩzɩɣ tiyele nɛ ɖɩtɔlɩ kʋdɔŋ ŋgʋ kɩ-taa yɔ, pɩtɩwɩlɩ se ɖɩkaɣ kɛʋ kʋdɔndʋ yaa ɖɩkaɣ kʋdɔŋ ŋgʋ sʋʋ wiɖiyi.

Ye ŋwɛnɩ lɩmaɣza taa kʋdɔŋ yɔ, pɩcɛyaa se ŋñɩnɩ sɩnʋʋ ɖɔkɔtɔ.

['Takayɩhatʋ ndʋ tɩtamsɩna \\ yɔ']

PubMed/Medline https://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/download/pubmed_medline.html

RefinedWeb https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.01116

Schaakxs R, Comijs HC, van der Mast RC, Schoevers RA, Beekman ATF, Penninx BWJH: Risk Factors for Depression: Differential Across Age? Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2017, 25 (9): 966-977.

Heun R, Hein S: Risk factors of major depression in the elderly. Eur Psychiatry. 2005, 20 (3): 199-204.

Leentjens AF, Lousberg R, Verhey FR: Markers for depression in Parkinson's disease. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2002, 106 (3): 196-201.

Reinherz HZ, Giaconia RM, Hauf AM, Wasserman MS, Paradis AD: General and specific childhood risk factors for depression and drug disorders by early adulthood. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2000, 39 (2): 223-31.

Gangwisch JE, Gross R, Malaspina D: Differential Associations Between Depression, Risk Factors for Insulin Resistance and Diabetes Incidence in a Large U.S. Sample. Isr J Psychiatry Relat Sci. 2015, 52 (2): 85-90.

Song SJ, Ziegler R, Arsenault L, Fried LE, Hacker K: Asian student depression in American high schools: differences in risk factors. J Sch Nurs. 2011, 27 (6): 455-62.

Stewart R, Prince M, Mann A, Richards M, Brayne C: Stroke, vascular risk factors and depression: Cross-sectional study in a UK Caribbean-born population. Br J Psychiatry. 2001, 178 (1): 23-8.

['Tɔm ndʋ tɩ-yɔɔ ɖitisiɣ yɔ: ɖɔkɔtɔ']

['Ye ŋwobi intɛrnɛɛtɩ lone ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-yɔɔ yɔ, ŋpɩzɩɣ nɛ ŋkpɛlɩkɩ tɔm sakɩyɛ ɖɩ-yɔɔ.']

['Pɩtɩpɔzɩ se patɩŋnɩ tɔm ndʋ pama takayaɣ kanɛ ka-taa yɔ tɩ-yɔɔ nɛ pañɩnɩ kʋdɔŋ nakʋyʋ yaa pawaa-kʋ.']

['Tɩlɩ camɩyɛ se ordinatɛɛrɩ yɔɔ tɔm ndʋ pɔpɔzʋʋ yɔ, tɩ-yɔɔ cosuu wɛ kaɖɛ, kɔzɩ kɔzɩ alɩwaatʋ ndʋ tɩ-taa pɔpɔzʋʋ tɔm natʋyʋ nɛ tɩ-taa tɔm pee tɩɖɔɔ yɔ.']

['Paa ɛzɩmtaa lɛ, pɔzɩ lɔŋ tasʋʋ fɛɖʋ weyi ɛsɩm ñɔ-yɔɔ tɔm sakɩyɛ yɔ nɛ ɛyɔɔdɩ-ŋ kʋdɔŋ ŋgʋ ŋwɛna yɔ kɩ-tɔm. Taayele nɛ lɔŋ tasʋʋ mbʋ fɛɖʋ ɛnʋ ɛha-ŋ yɔ, pɩɖɛɛ ñɔ-yɔɔ yaa ŋyele-pʋ ñɩnʋʋ mbʋ pʋyɔɔ yɔ ŋkalɩ tɔm natʋyʋ intɛrnɛɛtɩ lone ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-yɔɔ. Ye ŋmaɣzɩɣ se pɩwɩɣ-ŋ yɔ, yaa ɛyaa 911 yaa ŋwolo ɖɔkɔtɔ ŋgʋ kɩñɔtɩnɩ-ŋ yɔ kɩ-taa kpaagbaa.']

['Takayɩhatʋ ndʋ tɩtamsɩna \\ Paɣtʋ \\ yɔ']

['Digital Millennium Copyright Act 1998 ñɩŋgʋ, 17 U.S.C. § 512 (DMCA) haɣ waɖɛ mba pɛwɛnɩ waɖɛ se pala tʋmɩyɛ intɛrnɛɛtɩ yɔɔ yɔ se pala mbʋ pɩkaɖɩɣnɩ waɖɛ nɖɩ pɛwɛna Etaazuunii ɛjaɖɛ taa yɔ.']

['Ye ŋmaɣzɩɣ se tɔm natʋyʋ yaa wonuu nakʋyʋ yɔɔ pama tɔm intɛrnɛɛtɩ lone ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-yɔɔ yaa intɛrnɛɛtɩ lone ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-yɔɔ nɛ pɩkaɖɩɣnɩ ña-paɣtʋ yɔ, ña-maɣmaɣ yaa weyi ɛsɩɣ-ŋ tʋmɩyɛ yɔ, ŋpɩzɩɣ nɛ ŋtiyini-ɖʋ takayaɣ nɛ ŋpɔzɩ se ɖɩlɩzɩ tɔm ndʋ yaa wonuu ŋgʋ yaa ɖitaayele nɛ nɔɔyʋ tɩlɩ-kʋ.']

['Pɩwɛɛ se pama takayaɣ nɛ petiyini ordinatɛɛrɩ yɔɔ.']

['DMCA paɣtʋ pɔzʋʋ se ye ŋnawa se nɔɔyʋ tɩma takayaɣ nakɛyɛ yɔ, ŋma tɔm tʋnɛ: (1) takayaɣ ŋga ŋnawa se nɔɔyʋ tɩma-kɛ yɔ kɔ-yɔɔ tɔm; (2) takayaɣ ŋga kɔ-yɔɔ pamawa se nɔɔyʋ tɩma takayaɣ nakɛyɛ yɔ kɔ-yɔɔ tɔm nɛ tɔm ndʋ tɩsɩɣnɩ-ɖʋ se ɖɩtɩlɩ ɖenɖe ŋnaɣ takayaɣ ŋga yɔ; (3) ña-hɩɖɛ, kaŋgalaafu mayaɣ nɛ intɛrnɛɛtɩ mayaɣ; (4) ŋyɔɔdɩ kpayɩ se ŋwɛnɩ tisuu se takayaɣ ŋga ŋnawa se nɔɔyʋ tɩma-kɛ yɔ, pɩtɩkɛ weyi ɛtɩnɩ takayaɣ ŋga yɔ ɛ-maɣmaɣ ɛlɩzɩnɩ-kɛ, yaa ɛ-tʋmlaɖʋ nɔɔyʋ lɩzɩnɩ-kɛ, yaa se paɣtʋ natʋyʋ ɛɛhaɣ nʋmɔʋ se palabɩnɩ-kɛ tʋmɩyɛ.']

['(5) Ye ŋlabɩ mbʋ yɔ, ŋpɩzɩɣ nɛ ŋcɛtɩnɩ ñɔ-tɔm yɔɔ nɛ ŋyɔɔdɩ se tɔm ndʋ pama takayaɣ ŋga ka-taa yɔ tɩkɛ toovenim nɛ ŋwɛnɩ waɖɛ se ŋlʋ nɛ ŋwa mba payʋsʋʋ se pɛwɛɛkɩ ña-takayaɣ yɔ.']

['Nɛ (6) ye nɔɔyʋ ɛtɩnɩ takayaɣ nakɛyɛ yɔɔ tɔm yɔ, pɩwɛɛ se ɛñɩɣ nesi takayaɣ ŋga kɔ-yɔɔ.']

['Ye patɩyɔɔdɩ tɔm ndʋ tɩ-tɩŋa yɔ, pɩpɩzɩɣ nɛ pɩkɔnɩ tɔm hʋʋ kaɖɛ.']

['Ɛyʋ weyi ŋkatɩɣ yɔ']

['Ye ŋwɛnɩ tɔm natʋyʋ yaa ŋñɩnɩɣ se ŋtasɩ tɔm natʋyʋ yɔ, ɖitendi-ŋ ma-ɖʋ takayaɣ.']

What are the risk factors for depression?

There are several risk factors that can increase the likelihood of developing depression, including:

1. Genetics: A family history of depression can increase the risk of developing the condition.

2. Brain chemistry: Imbalances in certain chemicals in the brain, such as serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine, can contribute to depression.

3. Personality: People with certain personality traits, such as low self-esteem, pessimism, or being overly self-critical, may be more prone to developing depression.

4. Life events: Traumatic or stressful life events, such as the death of a loved one, divorce, financial problems, or job loss, can trigger depression.

5. Medical conditions: Certain medical conditions, such as chronic pain, cancer, or heart disease, can increase the risk of depression.

6. Medications: Some medications, such as steroids or blood pressure medications, can increase the risk of depression.

7. Substance abuse: Alcohol or drug abuse can contribute to the development of depression.

8. Age: Depression can occur at any age, but it is more common in teenagers and young adults.

9. Gender: Women are more likely to experience depression than men, possibly due to hormonal factors and social pressures.

10. Social isolation: Lack of social support or a sense of belonging can increase the risk of depression.

It is important to note that having one or more of these risk factors does not guarantee that a person will develop depression, and not having any risk factors does not mean that a person will never experience depression.

It is essential to seek professional help if you are experiencing symptoms of depression.

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