Mũrimũ wa kansa ya nda na gĩthũri ũtwaranaga na njĩra ya gũthimwo na njĩra ingĩ ta ici:
1. Gũthuthuria mwĩrĩ: Ndagĩtarĩ nĩ athuthuria mũndũ nĩguo one kana harĩ maũndũ maroneka ta atarĩ na ũgima mwega wa mwĩrĩ kana maronania mũrimũ.
2. Thakame gũthimwo: Thakame gũthimwo no gũteithie kũmenya kana harĩ ũndũ ũtarathiĩ wega thĩinĩ wa thakame ũrĩa ũngĩonania atĩ mũndũ arĩ na kansa.
3. Ũthuthuria wa gĩko: Ũthuthuria wa gĩko no ũmenye kana harĩ na thakame thĩinĩ wakĩo, na no ĩkorũo ĩrĩ rũũri rwa kansa ya nda.
4. Njĩra ya gũthima nda: Njĩra ĩno ĩhũthĩkaga gwĩkĩra gatũrũme kamwe gathondeketwo na kameme na gatarĩ na ũtheri mũthia-inĩ wako nĩguo ũtuĩrie nda.
Ningĩ hĩndĩ ya gũthima ini, ndagĩtarĩ no oe tũcunjĩ twa ini nĩguo athuthurie kana tũrĩ na kansa.
5. Sigmoidoscopy: O ta njĩra ya colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy nĩ gũthuthuria gĩcunjĩ kĩa na thĩ kĩa nda.
6. Virtual colonoscopy: Ĩno nĩ CT scan ya colon ĩrĩa ĩkoragwo na mbica ya 3D ya colon na rectum.
7. Thakame ĩgathimwo na njĩra ya gũthima indo iria irĩ thĩinĩ wa nda: Ũthuthuria ũyũ ũgeragia kuona kana harĩ thakame thĩinĩ wa nda, ĩrĩa ĩngĩonania atĩ mũndũ arĩ na kansa.
8. Kũhũũra barium na njĩra ĩgĩrĩ: Ĩno nĩ njĩra ya gũthima ngothi na nda na njĩra ya gũthoma na macini ya gũthima na macini ya X-ray, ĩrĩa ĩhũthagĩra kĩndũ gĩa kũringithania nĩguo kũmenyeke kana harĩ kĩndũ kĩũru thĩinĩ wa nda.
9. Kwĩthima: Kwĩthima nĩ kweheria gacunjĩ kanini ka nyama thĩinĩ wa nda nĩguo kagerio na macini nĩguo kũmenyeke kana harĩ na tũhengereta twa kansa.
10. Ũthuthuria wa mbica: CT scan, MRI scan, na X-ray cia gĩthũri no ihũthĩrũo kũmenya kana kansa nĩ ĩtambĩte ciĩga-inĩ ingĩ cia mwĩrĩ.
Rĩrĩa ndagĩtarĩ amenya atĩ mũndũ arĩ na kansa ya nda, nĩ amenyaga nĩ ĩrĩkũ ĩrathiĩ na mbere, na ũndũ ũcio nĩ ũteithagia kũmenya njĩra ĩrĩa njega ya kũmĩrigita.
Mũthemba wa kanyamũ ũcio wonekaga kũringana na kũrĩa karĩ, na kana nĩ gatambĩte nginya ciĩga ingĩ cia mwĩrĩ.
Su Y, Tian X, Gao R, Guo W, Chen C, Chen C, Jia D, Li H, Lv X: Colon cancer diagnosis and staging classification based on machine learning and bioinformatics analysis. Comput Biol Med. 2022, 145 (): 105409.
Khan FA, Albalawi R, Pottoo FH: Trends in targeted delivery of nanomaterials in colon cancer diagnosis and treatment. Med Res Rev. 2022, 42 (1): 227-258.
Shi J, Fei J, Yi Q, Shen L, Wan B, Chen Y, Chang Q: Treatment of colon cancer in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus: a case report. BMC Cancer. 2018, 18 (1): 961.
Ren QG, Huang T, Yang SL, Hu JL: Colon cancer metastasis to the mandibular gingiva with partial occult squamous differentiation: A case report and literature review. Mol Clin Oncol. 2017, 6 (2): 189-192.
Feng HT, Zou S, Chen M, Xiong F, Lee MH, Fang L, Tang BZ: Tuning Push-Pull Electronic Effects of AIEgens to Boost the Theranostic Efficacy for Colon Cancer. J Am Chem Soc. 2020, 142 (26): 11442-11450.
Slattery ML, Kerber RA: The impact of family history of colon cancer on survival after diagnosis with colon cancer. Int J Epidemiol. 1995, 24 (5): 888-96.
Tada M: [Recent advances in diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer]. Rinsho Byori. 1990, 38 (4): 403-6.
['Ũkaana: thibitarĩ']
['Website ĩno ĩkoragwo ĩrĩ ya kũrutana na kũheana ũhoro tu na ti ya kũheana ũtaaro wa ũrigitani kana ũtungata wa kĩĩmwĩrĩ.']
['Ũhoro ũrĩa ũrĩ thĩinĩ wa broshua ĩyo ndwagĩrĩirũo kũhũthĩrũo gũthima kana kũrigita mũrimũ mũna, na arĩa marenda ũtaaro wa ũrigitani magĩrĩirũo gũcaria ũteithio wa ndagĩtarĩ.']
['No wone atĩ netiwaki ya neuron ĩrĩa ĩheanaga macokio ma ciũria icio, ndĩkoragwo na ũkinyanĩru mũno ũhoro-inĩ wĩgiĩ namba. Kwa ngerekano, mũigana wa andũ arĩa magwatĩtio mũrimũ mũna.']
['Hingo ciothe caria ũtaaro wa ndagĩtarĩ kana mũndũ ũngĩ wagĩrĩire ũgima-inĩ waku wa mwĩrĩ igũrũ rĩgiĩ mũrimũ. Ndũkaanahũthie ũtaaro wa ndagĩtarĩ kana ũcererũo kũũcaria nĩ ũndũ wa ũndũ ũthomete thĩinĩ wa website ĩno. Ũngĩkorũo ũrona ta wacemania na ũndũ mũhiũ, hũra thimũ 911 kana ũthiĩ thibitarĩ ya hakuhĩ na harĩa ũrĩ. Gũtirĩ ũrata wa ndagĩtarĩ na mũrwaru wonekaga nĩ ũndũ wa website ĩno kana kũhũthĩrũo kwayo. BioMedLib kana aruti ayo a wĩra, kana mũndũ ũngĩ wothe ũrutĩte wĩra thĩinĩ wa website ĩno, ndarĩ na ũira, wa ĩmwe kwa ĩmwe kana wa ĩmwe kwa ĩmwe, wĩgiĩ ũhoro ũrĩa ũheanĩtwo ho kana ũrĩa ũhũthĩrĩtwo.']
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['Watho wa Digital Millennium Copyright Act wa 1998, 17 U.S.C. § 512 (the DMCA) ũheanaga ũhoti wa ene a ihoto cia wandĩki arĩa metĩkĩtie atĩ ũhoro ũrĩa ũroneka intanetiinĩ nĩ ũtharĩtie ihooto ciao kũringana na watho wa U.S. wa ihoto cia wandĩki.']
['Ũngĩkorũo na wĩtĩkio atĩ ũhoro kana kĩndũ kĩna gĩtahingũrĩtwo ũhoro-inĩ wĩgiĩ website kana ũtungata witũ nĩ gĩgũthũkia ihooto ciaku, wee (kana mũndũ ũrĩa ũgũgũthondekera) no ũtũtũmĩre notithi ũkĩũria ũhoro kana kĩndũ kĩu kĩeherio, kana ũrigĩrĩrio ndũgacihũthĩre.']
["Marũa macio magĩrĩire gũtũmwo na njĩra ya kwandĩkwo na e-mail (rora ũhoro wa andirethi gĩcunjĩinĩ kĩa 'Maũndũ ma kwaranĩria')."]
['DMCA ĩbataraga atĩ notithi yaku ya kuuna ihooto cia wandĩki ĩkorwo na ũhoro ũyũ: (1) ũtaarĩria wa wĩra ũrĩa ũrĩ na ihooto cia wandĩki ũrĩa ũrarumwo; (2) ũtaarĩria wa ũhoro ũrĩa ũrarumwo na ũhoro mũiganu wa gũtũhotithia kũmenya kũrĩa ũhoro ũcio ũrĩ; (3) ũhoro waku wa kwaranĩria, hamwe na andirethi, namba ya thimũ na andirethi ya e-mail; (4) ndũmĩrĩri yaku atĩ wĩ na wĩtĩkio mwega atĩ ũhoro ũcio ũramenererio ndũrĩ na rũtha rwa mwene wa watho, kana mũrũgamĩrĩri, kana rwa watho o wothe; ']
['(5) nĩ mwandĩkanĩire, na nĩ mũkũheo mũkaana wa kũheenania, atĩ ũhoro ũrĩa ũrĩ kĩmenyithiainĩ kĩu nĩ wa ma na atĩ mũrĩ na ũhoti wa kũhingia ihooto iria mũreganĩte nacio;']
['na (6) kĩrore kĩa mwene kĩhoto kana kĩa mũndũ wĩtĩkĩritio gwĩtongoria handũ ha mwene kĩhoto.']
['Kwaga kwandĩka ũhoro ũcio wothe no gũtũme gũtangĩka gwaku kũhĩtũke.']
['Ũhoro wa Kwaranĩria']
['Tũma ndũmĩrĩri ya kũbucia kũgerera thimũ kana thimũ ya mohoro.']
How is colon cancer diagnosed?
Colon cancer is diagnosed through a combination of tests and procedures, which may include:
1. Physical examination: A doctor will perform a physical examination to check for any abnormalities or signs of illness.
2. Blood tests: Blood tests can help determine if there are any abnormalities in the blood that may indicate the presence of cancer.
3. Stool tests: A stool test can detect the presence of blood in the stool, which may be a sign of colon cancer.
4. Colonoscopy: This is a procedure in which a thin, flexible tube with a light and camera on the end is inserted into the rectum to examine the colon.
During a colonoscopy, the doctor can also take tissue samples (biopsies) to be examined for cancer cells.
5. Sigmoidoscopy: Similar to a colonoscopy, a sigmoidoscopy examines the lower part of the colon.
6. Virtual colonoscopy: This is a CT scan of the colon that creates a 3D image of the colon and rectum.
7. Fecal occult blood test: This test checks for the presence of blood in the stool, which may indicate the presence of cancer.
8. Double-contrast barium enema: This is an x-ray examination of the colon and rectum, in which a contrast material is used to highlight any abnormalities.
9. Biopsy: A biopsy is the removal of a small amount of tissue from the colon for examination under a microscope to determine if cancer cells are present.
10. Imaging tests: CT scans, MRI scans, and chest x-rays may be used to determine if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.
Once a diagnosis of colon cancer is made, the doctor will determine the stage of the cancer, which helps determine the best course of treatment.
Staging is based on the size and location of the tumor, as well as whether it has spread to other parts of the body.
Disclaimer: medical
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Please note the neural net that generates answers to the questions, is specially inaccurate when it comes to numeric content. For example, the number of people diagnosed with a specific disease.
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