Kiebhi kia tena kuijiia se uala ni uhaxi ua izavu?
O ji dotolo a tena kuijiia se o muthu uala ni uhaxi ua izavu, mu ku bhanga o jipolova jiji:
1. Ku tonoka ni lukuaku: O dotolo u ta o lukuaku luê mu kididi kia ku tonoka phala ku mona se o mona uala ni uhaxi.
2. O polova ia antigen ia prostata (PSA): O polova íii, phala kuijiia se o manhinga ala ni protina ia PSA.
Se o PSA i kala ku thandu dia manhinga, kiki kilondekesa kuila o muthu uala ni uhaxi ua izavu.
3. O ji makina ji bhanga o pelasá, ji ta o ji sonda mu mala phala ku tala o ima iala moxi dia manhinga.
Kiki ki tena ku kuatekesa kuijiia se o muhatu uala ni uhaxi mu kikonda.
4. O ji célula ja uongo: O ji célula ja uongo a ji katula anga a ji tala ni microscópio phala ku mona se jala ni uhaxi ua uongo.
Kiki kiene ngó o ukexilu ua kuijiia se uala ni uhaxi ua bhonzo ku u saka.
5. O makina i kuatekesa ku tonginina o uongo ua diiala: O makina íii, i tena ku tonginina o uongo ua diiala se uala ni uhaxi.
6. Ku tokuesa o ji célula: Saí ji dotolo a tokuesa o ji célula phala kuijiia se o uhaxi ua bhonzo mba kana, phala ku tena ku sola o ukexilu ua ku saka.
7.O ima i bhanga o ji dotolo phala ku mona se o uhaxi ua di muange katé mu ifuba.
8. O ji tomografia: O ji tomografia ji tena ku kuatekesa kuijiia se o uhaxi ua di muange mu idiandu ia mukutu.
Kima kiambote kuijiia kuila ko maiala oso ala ni ji célula javulu ja PSA, mba o ji célula ja DRE ki ji kalakala kiambote, ala ni uhaxi ua prostata.
Mu kiki, phala kuijiia se uhaxi uahi, tua tokala ku tala o mukutu ua muthu.
O muthu u sola se a-nda mu bhanga pelasá, kioso kia zubha ku mona o ima ia sange, ni kuijiia o ima ia mesena o ku bhanga.
Saldova R, Fan Y, Fitzpatrick JM, Watson RW, Rudd PM: Core fucosylation and alpha2-3 sialylation in serum N-glycome is significantly increased in prostate cancer comparing to benign prostate hyperplasia. Glycobiology. 2011, 21 (2): 195-205.
Marenco J, Kasivisvanathan V, Emberton M: New standards in prostate biopsy. Arch Esp Urol. 2019, 72 (2): 142-149.
Moradi M, Mousavi P, Abolmaesumi P: Computer-aided diagnosis of prostate cancer with emphasis on ultrasound-based approaches: a review. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2007, 33 (7): 1010-28.
Cuperlovic-Culf M, Belacel N, Davey M, Ouellette RJ: Multi-gene biomarker panel for reference free prostate cancer diagnosis: determination and independent validation. Biomarkers. 2010, 15 (8): 693-706.
McGrath SE, Michael A, Morgan R, Pandha H: EN2: a novel prostate cancer biomarker. Biomark Med. 2013, 7 (6): 893-901.
An Y, Chang W, Wang W, Wu H, Pu K, Wu A, Qin Z, Tao Y, Yue Z, Wang P, Wang Z: A novel tetrapeptide fluorescence sensor for early diagnosis of prostate cancer based on imaging Zn2+ in healthy versus cancerous cells. J Adv Res. 2020, 24 (): 363-370.
[Consensus of Chinese experts on the application of molecular imaging targeting prostate specific membrane antigen in prostate cancer patients]. Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2018, 56 (2): 91-94.
Zhong WD, He HC, Bi XC, Ou RB, Jiang SA, Liu LS: cDNA macroarray for analysis of gene expression profiles in prostate cancer. Chin Med J (Engl). 2006, 119 (7): 570-3.
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How is prostate cancer diagnosed?
Prostate cancer is diagnosed through a combination of tests and procedures, which may include:
1. Digital Rectal Exam (DRE): A doctor inserts a gloved, lubricated finger into the rectum to feel the prostate for any abnormalities.
2. Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Test: This is a blood test that measures the level of PSA, a protein produced by the prostate gland.
Elevated PSA levels may indicate the presence of prostate cancer.
3. Transrectal Ultrasound (TRUS): A small probe is inserted into the rectum to create an image of the prostate using sound waves.
This can help identify any abnormalities in the prostate gland.
4. Biopsy: A small sample of prostate tissue is removed and examined under a microscope for the presence of cancer cells.
This is the only definitive way to diagnose prostate cancer.
5. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): An MRI scan of the prostate can help identify any abnormalities and guide the biopsy procedure.
6. Genomic Testing: Some doctors may use genomic tests to help determine the aggressiveness of the cancer and guide treatment decisions.
7. Bone Scan: A bone scan may be performed to check if the cancer has spread to the bones.
8. Computed Tomography (CT) Scan: A CT scan may be used to check if the cancer has spread to other organs or tissues.
It is important to note that not all men with elevated PSA levels or abnormal DRE results will have prostate cancer, and not all prostate cancers will cause elevated PSA levels.
Therefore, a biopsy is necessary to confirm the diagnosis.
Additionally, the decision to undergo a biopsy is made after considering the results of these tests and the individual's risk factors and preferences.
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