Gh'é diversci fattoî de reisego pe l'infarto, compreiso:
1. Etæ: o reisego de un attacco de cheu o l'aumenta con l'etæ, sorviatutto dòppo i 45 anni pe-i òmmi e i 55 pe-e dònne.
2. livelli erti de colesterolo: di livelli erti de colesterolo LDL (cattivo) e di livelli bassi de colesterolo HDL (bon) peuan aumentâ o reisego de attacco cardiaco.
3. l'ipertensa: l'ipertensa no controllâ a peu danneggiâ e arterie e fâ cresce o reisego de attacco cardiaco.
4. diabete: I persoñe con diabete en ciù à riscio de attacco de cheu apreuvo a-i danni che un livello erto de succao into sangue o peu provocâ a-i vasoin.
5. ëse in sovrappeso ò obeso: o sovrappeso o peu fâ cresce o reisego de un attacco de cheu contribuindo à di atri fattoî de reisego comme l'ipertensa e o diabete.
6. No fâ de eserciçio: A mancansa d'attivitæ fixica a peu contribuî a-o sviluppo de unna mouttia do cheu e aumentâ o reisego de un attacco de cheu.
7. fummâ: o fummâ o l'é un di ciù grendi fattoî de reisego de attacco cardiaco, perché o l'açende o reisego de coaguli de sangue.
8. stöia da famiggia: unna stöia de famiggia de mouttie do cheu a peu fâ cresce o reisego de attacco de cheu.
9. fibrillaçion atriâ: sto chì o l'é un ritmo cardiaco irregolare ch'o peu fâ cresce o reisego de attacco cardiaco e ictus.
10. Un attacco de cheu ò un ictus passou: E persoñe che an avuo un attacco de cheu ò un ictus passou en ciù à riscio de avei un atro.
11. stress: o stress crònico o peu contribuî a-o sviluppo de mouttie do cheu e aumentâ o reisego de attacco cardiaco.
12. Malattie autoimmuni: Malattie comme o lupus e l'artrite reumatoide peuan aumentâ o reisego de mouttie cardiache inte dònne.
13. Problemi de sanitæ ligæ a-a gravidansa: E dònne che se sviluppan into diabete gestaçionale ò l'ipertension inta gravidansa en ciù à riscio de sviluppâ unna mouttia do cheu ciù tardi inta vitta.
14. Livelli basci de estrogeni: E dònne che an passou a menopausa ò che an avuo unn'isterectomia an di livelli basci de estrogeni, che peuan aumentâ o seu risciô de mouttie do cheu in paragon à quelle che no l'an avuo.
L'é importante notâ che, sciben che çerti fattoî de reisego, comme l'etæ e a stöia da famiggia, no peuan ëse cangiæ, ben ben di atri peuan ëse gestî con di cangiamenti into stile de vitta e di interventi medichi.
I contròlli regolari, mantegnî unna dieta sana, fâ de eserciçioin de longo, fermâ o fumme e gestî de condiçioin cròniche comme l'ipertension e o diabete peuan contribuî à redue o riscio de attacco de cheu.
Poomsrikaew O, Ryan CJ, Zerwic JJ: Knowledge of heart attack symptoms and risk factors among native Thais: a street-intercept survey method. Int J Nurs Pract. 2010, 16 (5): 492-8.
Ahmed AAA, Al-Shami AM, Jamshed S, Zawiah M, Elnaem MH, Mohamed Ibrahim MI: Awareness of the Risk Factors for Heart Attack Among the General Public in Pahang, Malaysia: A Cross-Sectional Study. Risk Manag Healthc Policy. 2020, 13 (): 3089-3102.
Fussman C, Rafferty AP, Reeves MJ, Zackery S, Lyon-Callo S, Anderson B: Racial disparities in knowledge of stroke and heart attack risk factors and warning signs among Michigan adults. Ethn Dis. 2009, 19 (2): 128-34.
Ahmed AAA, Al-Shami AM, Jamshed S, Fata Nahas AR: Development of questionnaire on awareness and action towards symptoms and risk factors of heart attack and stroke among a Malaysian population. BMC Public Health. 2019, 19 (1): 1300.
Hwang SY, Ryan CJ, Zerwic JJ: Korean immigrants' knowledge of heart attack symptoms and risk factors. J Immigr Minor Health. 2008, 10 (1): 67-72.
Fukuoka Y, Oh YJ: Perceived Heart Attack Likelihood in Adults with a High Diabetes Risk. Heart Lung. , 52 (): 42-47.
Poomsrikaew O, Ryan CJ, Zerwic JJ: Knowledge of heart attack symptoms and risk factors among native Thais. West J Nurs Res. 2009, 31 (8): 1088-9.
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What are the risk factors for heart attack?
There are several risk factors for heart attack, including:
1. Age: The risk of heart attack increases with age, especially after the age of 45 for men and 55 for women.
2. High cholesterol levels: High levels of LDL (bad) cholesterol and low levels of HDL (good) cholesterol can increase the risk of heart attack.
3. High blood pressure: Uncontrolled high blood pressure can damage the arteries and increase the risk of heart attack.
4. Diabetes: People with diabetes are at a higher risk of heart attack due to the damage high blood sugar can cause to blood vessels.
5. Being overweight or obese: Excess weight can increase the risk of heart attack by contributing to other risk factors such as high blood pressure and diabetes.
6. Not exercising: Lack of physical activity can contribute to the development of heart disease and increase the risk of heart attack.
7. Smoking: Smoking is a major risk factor for heart attack, as it damages the blood vessels and increases the risk of blood clots.
8. Family history: A family history of heart disease can increase the risk of heart attack.
9. Atrial fibrillation: This is an irregular heart rhythm that can increase the risk of heart attack and stroke.
10. Previous heart attack or stroke: People who have had a previous heart attack or stroke are at a higher risk of having another one.
11. Stress: Chronic stress can contribute to the development of heart disease and increase the risk of heart attack.
12. Autoimmune conditions: Conditions such as lupus and rheumatoid arthritis can increase the risk of heart disease in women.
13. Pregnancy-related health problems: Women who develop gestational diabetes or hypertension during pregnancy are at an increased risk of developing heart disease later in life.
14. Low estrogen levels: Women who have gone through menopause or had a hysterectomy have lower levels of estrogen, which can increase their risk of heart disease compared to women who have not.
It is important to note that while some risk factors, such as age and family history, cannot be changed, many others can be managed through lifestyle changes and medical interventions.
Regular check-ups, maintaining a healthy diet, exercising regularly, quitting smoking, and managing chronic conditions like high blood pressure and diabetes can help reduce the risk of heart attack.
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