Quæ a l"é a patofisiologia do cancao a-a prostata?
A patofisiologia do carcinoma da prostata a fa referimento a-i meccanismi e a-i proçesci che dan a-a base a-o sviluppo e a-a progrescion da mouttia.
O cancro da prostata o l"é un tumô maligno ch'o nasce da-e çellole da ghiandola da prostata, ch'a l"é un organo piccin à forma de noxe ch'o s'attreuva sotta a vescica di òmmi.
A ghiandola da prostata a produxe o liquido seminale, ch'o l'alimenta e o trasporta o sperma.
A caxon esatta do cancao a-a prostata a no l"é ben conosciua, ma se sa che tanti fattoî aumentan o reisego de sviluppâ a mouttia.
Sti chì comprendan l'etæ, a stöia da famiggia, a razza e çerte mutaçioin genetiche.
O cancao a-a prostata o l'é ciù commun inti òmmi ciù vegi, co-a ciù parte di caxi che s'attreuvan inte quelli ciù vegi de 65 anni.
Pe de ciù, i òmmi con unna stöia de famiggia de cancao à prostata en à un riscio ciù grande, coscì comme i òmmi afroamericæn e quelli de descendensa caraibica.
A patofixiologia do cancao a-a prostata a comprende a crescita e a divixon incontrolæ de çellole drento a ghiandola prostatica.
Sto fæto o peu vegnî apreuvo à de mutaçioin genetiche che pòrtan à unn'esprescion tròppo fòrte de çerti fattoî de crescita ò à l'inattivitæ de geni soppressô de tumô.
Ste mutaçioin peuan provocâ a crescita no regolâ de çellole, ch'a pòrta a-a formaçion de un tumô.
Quande o tumô o cresce, o peu invadde i tesciui e i òrgani vexin, comme a vescica, o retto e i linfonodi vexin.
Inte çerti caxi, e çellole do cancao peuan sciortî da-o tumô primäio e spantegâse inte de atre parte do còrpo pe mezo da corrente sanguigna ò do scistema linfatico, un processo conosciuo comme metastasi.
Quande o cancao o s'é spantegou, o peu ëse ciù diffiçile da curâ.
O cancro da prostata o peu ëse influensou ascì da di fattoî ormonali, in particolâ da l'ormone androgeno testosterone.
O testosterone o peu stimolâ a crescita de çellole de cancao a-a prostata, e tante terapie pe-o cancao a-a prostata an comme obiettivo de redue i livelli de st'ormone ò bloccâ i seu effetti.
Pe fâ un exempio, a patofisiologia do cancao a-a prostata a comprende a crescita e a divixon incontrolæ de çellole drento a ghiandola prostatica, che peuan ëse influensæ da di fattoî genetichi, ormonali e ambientæ.
A comprenscion di meccanismi sottostanti da mouttia a l'é de cruçiale importansa pe sviluppâ di trattamenti efficaxi e megioâ i exiti pe-i paçienti con cancao à prostata.
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Lim HY, Agarwal AM, Agarwal N, Ward JH: Recurrent epistaxis as a presenting sign of androgen-sensitive metastatic prostate cancer. Singapore Med J. 2009, 50 (5): e178-80.
Kohli M, Qin R, Jimenez R, Dehm SM: Biomarker-based targeting of the androgen-androgen receptor axis in advanced prostate cancer. Adv Urol. 2012, 2012 (): 781459.
Nelson JB, Hedican SP, George DJ, Reddi AH, Piantadosi S, Eisenberger MA, Simons JW: Identification of endothelin-1 in the pathophysiology of metastatic adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Nat Med. 1995, 1 (9): 944-9.
Msaouel P, Nandikolla G, Pneumaticos SG, Koutsilieris M: Bone microenvironment-targeted manipulations for the treatment of osteoblastic metastasis in castration-resistant prostate cancer. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2013, 22 (11): 1385-400.
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What is pathophysiology of prostate cancer?
The pathophysiology of prostate cancer refers to the underlying mechanisms and processes that lead to the development and progression of the disease.
Prostate cancer is a malignant tumor that arises from the cells of the prostate gland, which is a small, walnut-shaped organ located below the bladder in men.
The prostate gland produces seminal fluid, which nourishes and transports sperm.
The exact cause of prostate cancer is not fully understood, but several factors are known to increase the risk of developing the disease.
These include age, family history, race, and certain genetic mutations.
Prostate cancer is more common in older men, with the majority of cases occurring in men over the age of 65.
Additionally, men with a family history of prostate cancer are at an increased risk, as are African American men and men of Caribbean descent.
The pathophysiology of prostate cancer involves the uncontrolled growth and division of cells within the prostate gland.
This can occur due to genetic mutations that lead to the overexpression of certain growth factors or the inactivation of tumor suppressor genes.
These mutations can result in the unregulated growth of cells, leading to the formation of a tumor.
As the tumor grows, it can invade nearby tissues and organs, such as the bladder, rectum, and nearby lymph nodes.
In some cases, cancer cells can break away from the primary tumor and spread to other parts of the body through the bloodstream or lymphatic system, a process known as metastasis.
Once the cancer has spread, it can be more difficult to treat.
Prostate cancer can also be influenced by hormonal factors, particularly the androgen hormone testosterone.
Testosterone can stimulate the growth of prostate cancer cells, and many treatments for prostate cancer aim to reduce the levels of this hormone or block its effects.
In summary, the pathophysiology of prostate cancer involves the uncontrolled growth and division of cells within the prostate gland, which can be influenced by genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors.
Understanding the underlying mechanisms of the disease is crucial for developing effective treatments and improving outcomes for patients with prostate cancer.
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