D'r zeen versjillende risicofactoren veur 'n hartaanval, wie:
1. Laeftied: 't Risico op 'n hartaanval kump mèt de laeftied veur, veural nao de leeftied vaan 45 veur manslui en 55 veur vrouwlui.
2. Hoeg cholesterol: Hoeg LDL (slech) cholesterol en lieg HDL (good) cholesterol kinne 't risico op 'n hartaanval vergroete.
3. Hoeg bloeddruk: Onger controle höbbe vaan hoeg bloeddruk kin de slagare besjadige en 't risico op 'n hartaanval vergroete.
4. Diabetes: Lui mèt diabetes höbbe 'n hoeger risico op 'n hartaanval vaanwege de sjaaj die hoeg bloodsuiker aon de bloodvaten kin doen.
5. Euvergewich of obesitas: Euvergewich kin 't risico op 'n hartaanval vergroete door bij te drage tot aandere risicofactoren wie hoeg bloeddruk en diabetes.
6. Gein oefening: 't Gebrek aon fysieke activiteit kin bijdrage tot 't oontwikkele vaan hartkrenkdes en 't risico op 'n hartaanval vergroete.
7. Roken: Roken is 'ne groete risicofactor veur 'n hartaanval, umtot 't de bloodvaten beschadigt en 't risico op bloodklonte verhoogt.
8. Familiegesjiedenis: 'n Familiegesjiedenis vaan hartkrenkdes kin 't risico op 'n hartaanval vergroete.
9. Atriumfibrillatie: Dit is 'n oonregelmaoteg hartritme wat 't risico op 'n hartaanval en 'n beroerte kin vergroete.
10. Eerdere hartaanval of beroerte: Lui die al 'n eerdere hartaanval of beroerte höbbe gehad, höbbe 'n hoeger risico op 'n volgende.
11. Stress: Chronische stress kin bijdrage tot de oontwikkeling vaan hartkrenkdes en 't risico op 'n hartaanval vergroete.
12. Auto-immuun aandoeningen: Aandoeningen wie lupus en reumatoïde artritis kinne 't risico op hartkrenkde bij vrouwlui vergroete.
13. Zwangersjapsgerelateerde gezoondheidsprobleme: Vrouwe die tijdens de zwangersjap zwangersjapsdiabetes of hypertensie kriege, höbbe e hoeger risico op 't kriege vaan hartkrenkdes later in 't leve.
14. Laege oestrogeen niveaus: Vrouwe die de menopauze höbbe doorgemaak of 'n hysterectomie höbbe gehad höbbe lieger oestrogeen niveaus, wat hun risico op hartkrenkde kin vergroete in vergelieking mèt vrouwe die dat neet höbbe gehad.
't Is belangriek te merke dat, hoewel sommige risicofactoren, wie leeftied en femiliegesjiedenis, neet kinne weure veranderd, väöl aandere kinne weure beheerd door veranderinge in leefstijl en medische ingrepe.
Regelmaoteg controle's, 'n gezond dieet, regelmaoteg oefene, ophoupe mèt rouke en 't beheersje vaan chronische krenkdes wie hoeg bloeddruk en diabetes kinne helpe 't risico op 'n hartaanval te vermindere.
Poomsrikaew O, Ryan CJ, Zerwic JJ: Knowledge of heart attack symptoms and risk factors among native Thais: a street-intercept survey method. Int J Nurs Pract. 2010, 16 (5): 492-8.
Ahmed AAA, Al-Shami AM, Jamshed S, Zawiah M, Elnaem MH, Mohamed Ibrahim MI: Awareness of the Risk Factors for Heart Attack Among the General Public in Pahang, Malaysia: A Cross-Sectional Study. Risk Manag Healthc Policy. 2020, 13 (): 3089-3102.
Fussman C, Rafferty AP, Reeves MJ, Zackery S, Lyon-Callo S, Anderson B: Racial disparities in knowledge of stroke and heart attack risk factors and warning signs among Michigan adults. Ethn Dis. 2009, 19 (2): 128-34.
Ahmed AAA, Al-Shami AM, Jamshed S, Fata Nahas AR: Development of questionnaire on awareness and action towards symptoms and risk factors of heart attack and stroke among a Malaysian population. BMC Public Health. 2019, 19 (1): 1300.
Hwang SY, Ryan CJ, Zerwic JJ: Korean immigrants' knowledge of heart attack symptoms and risk factors. J Immigr Minor Health. 2008, 10 (1): 67-72.
Fukuoka Y, Oh YJ: Perceived Heart Attack Likelihood in Adults with a High Diabetes Risk. Heart Lung. , 52 (): 42-47.
Poomsrikaew O, Ryan CJ, Zerwic JJ: Knowledge of heart attack symptoms and risk factors among native Thais. West J Nurs Res. 2009, 31 (8): 1088-9.
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What are the risk factors for heart attack?
There are several risk factors for heart attack, including:
1. Age: The risk of heart attack increases with age, especially after the age of 45 for men and 55 for women.
2. High cholesterol levels: High levels of LDL (bad) cholesterol and low levels of HDL (good) cholesterol can increase the risk of heart attack.
3. High blood pressure: Uncontrolled high blood pressure can damage the arteries and increase the risk of heart attack.
4. Diabetes: People with diabetes are at a higher risk of heart attack due to the damage high blood sugar can cause to blood vessels.
5. Being overweight or obese: Excess weight can increase the risk of heart attack by contributing to other risk factors such as high blood pressure and diabetes.
6. Not exercising: Lack of physical activity can contribute to the development of heart disease and increase the risk of heart attack.
7. Smoking: Smoking is a major risk factor for heart attack, as it damages the blood vessels and increases the risk of blood clots.
8. Family history: A family history of heart disease can increase the risk of heart attack.
9. Atrial fibrillation: This is an irregular heart rhythm that can increase the risk of heart attack and stroke.
10. Previous heart attack or stroke: People who have had a previous heart attack or stroke are at a higher risk of having another one.
11. Stress: Chronic stress can contribute to the development of heart disease and increase the risk of heart attack.
12. Autoimmune conditions: Conditions such as lupus and rheumatoid arthritis can increase the risk of heart disease in women.
13. Pregnancy-related health problems: Women who develop gestational diabetes or hypertension during pregnancy are at an increased risk of developing heart disease later in life.
14. Low estrogen levels: Women who have gone through menopause or had a hysterectomy have lower levels of estrogen, which can increase their risk of heart disease compared to women who have not.
It is important to note that while some risk factors, such as age and family history, cannot be changed, many others can be managed through lifestyle changes and medical interventions.
Regular check-ups, maintaining a healthy diet, exercising regularly, quitting smoking, and managing chronic conditions like high blood pressure and diabetes can help reduce the risk of heart attack.
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