1. Sijarah kaluarga: Kok ado urang gaek atau dunsanak nan punyo diabetes, bisa maningkek risiko.
2. Umua: Risiko diabetes tipe 2 maningkek katiko umua makin lamo, tarutamo sasudah umua 45 taun.
3. Barek badan: Barek badan talalu atau taba maningkekkan risiko.
4. indak aktif sacaro fisik: kurang olahraga dapek maningkekan risiko.
5. Raso atau etnis: Kalompok etnis tatantu, sarupo Afrika Amerika, Hispanik Amerika, Pribumi Amerika, jo Asia Amerika, labiah barisiko untuak manganduang diabetes tipe 2.
6. Diabetes gestasional: Wanita nan alah punyo diabetes gestasional salamo manganduang labiah barisiko mandapek diabetes tipe 2 pado maso salanjuiknyo.
7. Sindrom ovary polikistik: Wanita nan punyo kondisi iko labiah barisiko manyebapkan diabetes tipe 2.
8. Sindrom metabolik: Sarupo tekanan darah tinggi, kolesterol tinggi, jo lingkar pinggang nan gadang, maningkekkan risiko diabetes tipe 2.
9. Mamak: Mamak dapek maningkekkan resistensi insulin, nan dapek manyababkan diabetes tipe 2.
10. Prediabetes: Kok ado prediabetes, atau kadar gulo darah nan labiah tinggi dari nan biaso, maningkekkan risiko tajadinyo diabetes tipe 2.
11. Barek badan ketek pado maso kalahiran: Bayi nan barek badan ketek pado maso kalahiran labiah barisiko manyebap diabetes tipe 2 pado maso salanjuiknyo.
12. Tekanan darah tinggi: Tekanan darah tinggi maningkekkan risiko tajadinyo diabetes tipe 2.
13. Tingkek kolesterol jo trigliserida nan indak normal: Tingkek trigliserida nan tinggi jo tingkek kolesterol HDL (baik) nan randah maningkekkan risiko diabetes tipe 2.
14. Sleep apnea: Urang nan punyo sleep apnea mampunyoi risiko labiah tinggi untuak manganduang diabetes tipe 2.
24. Tingkek homocysteine nan tinggi: Tingkek homocysteine nan tinggi, sabuah asam amino, dapek maningkekan risiko tajadinyo diabetes tipe 2.
25. Tingkek asam urek nan tinggi: Tingkek asam urek nan tinggi, produk limbah, dapek maningkekkan risiko tajadinyo diabetes tipe 2.
26. Tingkek tinggi protein C-reaktif: Tingkek tinggi protein C-reaktif, panando radang, dapek maningkekkan risiko tajadinyo diabetes tipe 2.
27. Tingkek fibrinogen nan tinggi: Tingkek fibrinogen nan tinggi, sabuah protein nan talibat dalam pambekuan darah, dapek maningkekkan risiko tajadinyo diabetes tipe 2.
28. Tingkek tinggi PAI-1: Tingkek tinggi PAI-1, sabuah protein nan talibat dalam pambekuan darah, dapek maningkekkan risiko tajadinyo diabetes tipe 2.
29. Tingkek leptin nan tinggi: Tingkek leptin nan tinggi, hormon nan talibat dalam pangaturan nafsu makan, dapek maningkekan risiko tajadinyo diabetes tipe 2.
30. Tingkek resistin nan tinggi: Tingkek resistin nan tinggi, hormon nan talibat dalam resistensi insulin, dapek maningkekkan risiko tajadinyo
King WM, Saseen JJ, Anderson SL: Characterization of diabetes risk factors in patients prescribed chronic statin therapy. Ther Adv Chronic Dis. 2014, 5 (5): 206-11.
Bielinski SJ, Pankow JS, Rasmussen-Torvik LJ, Bailey K, Li M, Selvin E, Couper D, Vazquez G, Brancati F: Strength of association for incident diabetes risk factors according to diabetes case definitions: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Am J Epidemiol. 2012, 175 (5): 466-72.
Gangwisch JE, Gross R, Malaspina D: Differential Associations Between Depression, Risk Factors for Insulin Resistance and Diabetes Incidence in a Large U.S. Sample. Isr J Psychiatry Relat Sci. 2015, 52 (2): 85-90.
Leiva AM, Martínez MA, Petermann F, Garrido-Méndez A, Poblete-Valderrama F, Díaz-Martínez X, Celis-Morales C: [Risk factors associated with type 2 diabetes in Chile]. Nutr Hosp. 2018, 35 (2): 400-407.
Chatterjee R, Maruthur NM, Edelman D: Novel Risk Factors for Type 2 Diabetes in African-Americans. Curr Diab Rep. 2015, 15 (12): 103.
Higa S, Maesato A, Ishigaki S, Suenari K, Chen YJ, Chen SA: Diabetes and Endocrine Disorders (Hyperthyroidism/Hypothyroidism) as Risk Factors for Atrial Fibrillation. Card Electrophysiol Clin. 2021, 13 (1): 63-75.
Brodalko B: [Diabetes risk factors in the Regional Railway Hospital in Lublin, described on the basis of medical documentation]. Wiad Lek. 2000, 53 (5-6): 255-61.
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What are the risk factors for diabetes?
There are several risk factors for diabetes, including:
1. Family history: Having a parent or sibling with diabetes increases your risk.
2. Age: The risk of type 2 diabetes increases as you get older, especially after age 45.
3. Weight: Being overweight or obese increases your risk.
4. Physical inactivity: Lack of exercise can increase your risk.
5. Race or ethnicity: Certain ethnic groups, such as African Americans, Hispanic Americans, Native Americans, and Asian Americans, have a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
6. Gestational diabetes: Women who have had gestational diabetes during pregnancy are at higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life.
7. Polycystic ovary syndrome: Women with this condition have a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
8. Metabolic syndrome: This cluster of conditions, including high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and large waist circumference, increases the risk of type 2 diabetes.
9. Smoking: Smoking can increase insulin resistance, which can lead to type 2 diabetes.
10. Prediabetes: Having prediabetes, or higher than normal blood sugar levels, increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
11. Low birth weight: Babies with low birth weight have a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life.
12. High blood pressure: Having high blood pressure increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
13. Abnormal cholesterol and triglyceride levels: High levels of triglycerides and low levels of HDL (good) cholesterol increase the risk of type 2 diabetes.
14. Sleep apnea: People with sleep apnea have an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
15. Stress: Chronic stress can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
16. Certain medications: Some medications, such as steroids and antipsychotics, can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
17. Inflammation: Chronic inflammation can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
18. Sedentary lifestyle: A sedentary lifestyle can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
19. High-fat, high-calorie diet: Consuming a diet high in unhealthy fats and calories can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
20. Alcohol consumption: Excessive alcohol consumption can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
21. Sleep deprivation: Inadequate sleep can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
22. Air pollution: Exposure to air pollution can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
23. Certain infections: Certain infections, such as hepatitis C, can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
24. High levels of homocysteine: High levels of homocysteine, an amino acid, can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
25. High levels of uric acid: High levels of uric acid, a waste product, can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
26. High levels of C-reactive protein: High levels of C-reactive protein, a marker of inflammation, can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
27. High levels of fibrinogen: High levels of fibrinogen, a protein involved in blood clotting, can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
28. High levels of PAI-1: High levels of PAI-1, a protein involved in blood clotting, can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
29. High levels of leptin: High levels of leptin, a hormone involved in appetite regulation, can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
30. High levels of resistin: High levels of resistin, a hormone involved in insulin resistance, can increase the risk of developing
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