PSA wã sã n yaa wʋsgo, tõe n wilgdame tɩ raoã tara kãnsɛɛre.
3. Sull ning sẽn get pʋg-yoodrã ne masĩn sẽn boond tɩ ultrason (TRUS): B ningda masĩn-bil pʋg-yoodrã pʋgẽ, sẽn na yɩl n dɩk masĩnã n maan fot ne bʋrg sẽn yit yĩngrã.
Woto tõe n sõngame tɩ b bãng bũmb ning sẽn pa zems pʋg-yoodrã pʋgẽ.
4. B yãkda kõs-kʋdgã kõab n ges ne masĩn sẽn get bõn-kɩds n na n bãng sã n pa kãnsɛɛrã.
Yaa woto bal la b tõe n bãng kãnsɛɛrã sã n sɩd beeme.
5. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): B sã n maan wãoodã MRI, tõe n sõngame tɩ b bãng bũmb ning sẽn pa zems a zĩigẽ wã, la b bãng b sẽn na n maan wãoodã n ges a sã n ket n yaa sõma.
6. Bãngdbã vaeesda ninsaal yĩngã kõab sẽn yaa to-to wã: Logtoɛɛmb kẽer tõe n maana vaeesg n bãng kãnsɛɛrã sã n tara pãng n tõe n kʋ ned n são, la b bãng b sẽn na n tɩp-a to-to.
7. Sãntral kõab gesgo: B tõe n maana kõab gesgo, sẽn na yɩl n bãng kãnsɛɛrã sã n kẽe kõabã.
8. Sãntrasiõ (tomographie): B tõe n maana sãntrasiõ n ges kãnsɛɛrã sã n pa piuug n kẽ yĩngã will a taab bɩ yĩngã zĩis a taaba.
Yaa tɩlɛ tɩ d bãng tɩ pa rap nins PSA wã sẽn yaa wʋsgã, bɩ b sẽn vaees n yã tɩ b pa tar bãagã n são wã fãa n na n wa bẽed kãnsɛɛr ye.
Woto yĩnga, yaa tɩlae tɩ b maan wopeere n bãng bãagã sã n sɩd tara pãnga.
Sẽn paase, b sã n wa yãk yam n na n maan wopeere, b rengd n tagsa vaees-kãensã sẽn baas to-to wã zugu, la b ges bãagã sẽn tõe n wa ne yɛl ninsã, la ned kam fãa sẽn dat n maan bũmb ninsã.
Saldova R, Fan Y, Fitzpatrick JM, Watson RW, Rudd PM: Core fucosylation and alpha2-3 sialylation in serum N-glycome is significantly increased in prostate cancer comparing to benign prostate hyperplasia. Glycobiology. 2011, 21 (2): 195-205.
Marenco J, Kasivisvanathan V, Emberton M: New standards in prostate biopsy. Arch Esp Urol. 2019, 72 (2): 142-149.
Moradi M, Mousavi P, Abolmaesumi P: Computer-aided diagnosis of prostate cancer with emphasis on ultrasound-based approaches: a review. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2007, 33 (7): 1010-28.
Cuperlovic-Culf M, Belacel N, Davey M, Ouellette RJ: Multi-gene biomarker panel for reference free prostate cancer diagnosis: determination and independent validation. Biomarkers. 2010, 15 (8): 693-706.
McGrath SE, Michael A, Morgan R, Pandha H: EN2: a novel prostate cancer biomarker. Biomark Med. 2013, 7 (6): 893-901.
An Y, Chang W, Wang W, Wu H, Pu K, Wu A, Qin Z, Tao Y, Yue Z, Wang P, Wang Z: A novel tetrapeptide fluorescence sensor for early diagnosis of prostate cancer based on imaging Zn2+ in healthy versus cancerous cells. J Adv Res. 2020, 24 (): 363-370.
[Consensus of Chinese experts on the application of molecular imaging targeting prostate specific membrane antigen in prostate cancer patients]. Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2018, 56 (2): 91-94.
Zhong WD, He HC, Bi XC, Ou RB, Jiang SA, Liu LS: cDNA macroarray for analysis of gene expression profiles in prostate cancer. Chin Med J (Engl). 2006, 119 (7): 570-3.
['Bãngr-gomde: logtoeemdã']
['Yaa zãmsg la kibay kũun yĩng bal la b yiisd sit kãngã, la pa logtoeemdã wɛɛngẽ sagls bɩ tʋʋm-sõng maaneg yĩng ye.']
['B pa segd n tũnug ne kɩbay nins b sẽn kõ wã n bao bãag bɩ zu-loɛɛg tɩɩm ye. Sẽn dat-b tɩbsg b toor segd n tɩ yãa logtor sẽn tar sor n tõe n tɩp-ba.']
['D tẽeg tɩ b sẽn maand to-to n leokd sogsgã to-to wã pa zems ye.']
['Y sã n wa karemd bũmb sẽn be sɩtã pʋgẽ, bɩ y ra tol n yĩm tɩ y segd n tɩ gesa logtor ye. Y sã n tagsdẽ tɩ y tara yĩn-wɩsgr yell bɩ y bool 911 wall y kẽng logtor yirã.']
['Bas-m-yam: sɛbã zãab wɛɛngẽ']
['Digital Millennium Copyright Act sẽn yaa yʋʋmd 1998 soabã, 17 U.S.C. § 512 (DMCA) kõta sor tɩ ned sã n tẽed tɩ bũmb sẽn be ẽntɛrnetã pʋgẽ kɩɩsda a sẽn tar sor n tõe n maan bũmb ninsã, a tõe n tɩ kos n paam n lebse.']
['Yãmb sã n tẽed ne pʋ-peelem tɩ bũmb sẽn be tõnd sɩt wɛɛbã pʋgẽ bɩ tõnd tʋʋm-noyã pʋsẽ n sãamd yãmb dʋrwa wã, yãmb (bɩ y tʋʋm-tʋmdã) tõe n toola tõnd koɛɛg n kos tɩ d yiis bũmbã wall d gɩdg tɩ y ra paam n kẽ ye.']
['B segd n tʋma koees ne ẽtɛrnetã (Ges-y ẽtɛrnetã adɛrs sẽn be babg ning sẽn yet tɩ "Tõnd sõsg zĩigã").']
['DMCA wã baoodame tɩ yãmb sẽn na n togs ned tɩ b maan-a-la bũmb sẽn kɩɩsd a sẽn tar sor n tõe n maan bũmb ningã, bɩ y wilg-a bũmb nins sẽn pʋgdã: 1) bũmb ning sẽn kɩt tɩ b maan-a bũmb ningã, 2) bũmb ning sẽn kɩt tɩ b maan-a bũmb ningã, la y wilg-d bũmb ning sẽn kɩt tɩ d tõe n bãng a sẽn be zĩig ninga. 3) y sẽn tõe n paam ned n gom ne-a to-to, n paas y adɛrsã, telefõnnã nimero, la y e-mailã. 4) y sã n yeel tɩ y kɩsa sɩd tɩ bũmb ning sẽn kɩt tɩ y maan bũmb ningã pa ned ning sẽn tar sor n tõe n maan bũmbã, bɩ a tʋm-tʋmdã, bɩ laloa wã sẽn kõ sor tɩ y maan ye.']
['5) Y sã n wa rat n wilg tɩ y pa tar sor n na n kɩɩs ned a to, bɩ y gʋls sebr n wilg tɩ y sẽn togsã yaa sɩda, la tɩ y tara sor n na n wilg tɩ nedã sẽn maan bũmb ning n kɩɩs yãmb dʋrwa rãmbã yaa sɩda.']
['La (6) sɛb nins sẽn tar-b sor n na n yiis sɛbã, bɩ ned sẽn tar sor n na n tʋm sɛbã yiisg yĩngã.']
['Y sã n pa gʋls kibay nins sẽn be yĩngrã, tõe n kɩtame tɩ y yẽgengã kaoos n pa sa ye.']
['Sõsg ne neda']
['Y sã n tar sokr bɩ y sẽn dat n bãnge, bɩ y gʋls-d lɛtr n tool-do.']
How is prostate cancer diagnosed?
Prostate cancer is diagnosed through a combination of tests and procedures, which may include:
1. Digital Rectal Exam (DRE): A doctor inserts a gloved, lubricated finger into the rectum to feel the prostate for any abnormalities.
2. Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Test: This is a blood test that measures the level of PSA, a protein produced by the prostate gland.
Elevated PSA levels may indicate the presence of prostate cancer.
3. Transrectal Ultrasound (TRUS): A small probe is inserted into the rectum to create an image of the prostate using sound waves.
This can help identify any abnormalities in the prostate gland.
4. Biopsy: A small sample of prostate tissue is removed and examined under a microscope for the presence of cancer cells.
This is the only definitive way to diagnose prostate cancer.
5. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): An MRI scan of the prostate can help identify any abnormalities and guide the biopsy procedure.
6. Genomic Testing: Some doctors may use genomic tests to help determine the aggressiveness of the cancer and guide treatment decisions.
7. Bone Scan: A bone scan may be performed to check if the cancer has spread to the bones.
8. Computed Tomography (CT) Scan: A CT scan may be used to check if the cancer has spread to other organs or tissues.
It is important to note that not all men with elevated PSA levels or abnormal DRE results will have prostate cancer, and not all prostate cancers will cause elevated PSA levels.
Therefore, a biopsy is necessary to confirm the diagnosis.
Additionally, the decision to undergo a biopsy is made after considering the results of these tests and the individual's risk factors and preferences.
Disclaimer: medical
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['Sẽn zems']
['BioMedLib tũnugda ne ordinatɛɛr dãmb sẽn maand b toor n maand sogsg la b leokd taaba.']
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