1. Zĩn dãmb sẽn toeem b rog-n-mikã: Zĩn dãmb kẽer sẽn toeem b rog-n-mikã, wala makre, BRCA1 la BRCA2 wã tõe n kɩtame tɩ pag paam kãnsɛɛrã.
Zĩn-kãensã tõe n yaa rogem-pʋɩɩr bɩ bũmb ned sẽn paam a vɩɩmã pʋgẽ.
2. Hormoon dãmbã sẽn pa zemsd taabã: Hormoon dãmbã, sẽn yɩɩd fãa ɛstɛɛrzɛn dãmbã tõe n talla yõod wʋsg bĩisim kãnsɛɛrã bɩ a bɩʋʋng pʋgẽ.
Hormoon dãmbã sẽn pa zems taab bɩ pʋg-sadb nins sẽn tar pʋg-sadb rog-wʋʋgã tõe n kɩtame tɩ b paam kãnsɛɛrã.
3. Wãoodo: Wãood sẽn kaoosd wʋsg sẽn be yẽgrã pʋgẽ tõe n kɩtame tɩ kãnsɛɛrã bɩ n paasdẽ, la kɩtdẽ tɩ kãnsɛɛrã selill dãmb pa kiidẽ ye.
4. Sũyã bãag zĩig sẽn yaa bilfã: Zĩig ning sẽn gũbg kãnsɛɛrã, tɩ selill dãmbã sẽn be a pʋgẽ wã, yĩn-wɩsgrã selill dãmbã, la zɩɩm daabã be sʋka, tõe n talla pãn-tusdg kãnsɛɛrã bɩʋʋng la a yalgr zugu.
5. Metastasis: Sũurã bãag tõe n yelga yĩngã babs a taab pʋsẽ ne lymphatic bɩ zɩɩmã maasem, tɩ wa ne kãnsɛɛr dãmb a taab wil sẽn zãr pʋsẽ.
Bãngr ning sẽn tɩ loe ne yẽgrã bãas sẽn wat ne bũmb ninsã tara yõod wʋsg sẽn na yɩl n tõog n gɩdg bãasã sõma, n bãng-b tao-tao, la d paam tɩbsg sẽn yaa sõma.
Underwood SM: Breast cancer in African American women: nursing essentials. ABNF J. , 17 (1): 3-14.
Paliwal SR, Paliwal R, Agrawal GP, Vyas SP: Liposomal nanomedicine for breast cancer therapy. Nanomedicine (Lond). 2011, 6 (6): 1085-100.
Rauch GM, Adrada BE: Comparison of Breast MR Imaging with Molecular Breast Imaging in Breast Cancer Screening, Diagnosis, Staging, and Treatment Response Evaluation. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 2018, 26 (2): 273-280.
Wei H, Wang H, Ji Q, Sun J, Tao L, Zhou X: NRBP1 is downregulated in breast cancer and NRBP1 overexpression inhibits cancer cell proliferation through Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Onco Targets Ther. 2015, 8 (): 3721-30.
Eden JA: Human breast cancer stem cells and sex hormones--a narrative review. Menopause. 2010, 17 (4): 801-10.
Schneider BP, Winer EP, Foulkes WD, Garber J, Perou CM, Richardson A, Sledge GW, Carey LA: Triple-negative breast cancer: risk factors to potential targets. Clin Cancer Res. 2008, 14 (24): 8010-8.
['Bãngr-gomde: logtoeemdã']
['Yaa zãmsg la kibay kũun yĩng bal la b yiisd sit kãngã, la pa logtoeemdã wɛɛngẽ sagls bɩ tʋʋm-sõng maaneg yĩng ye.']
['B pa segd n tũnug ne kɩbay nins b sẽn kõ wã n bao bãag bɩ zu-loɛɛg tɩɩm ye. Sẽn dat-b tɩbsg b toor segd n tɩ yãa logtor sẽn tar sor n tõe n tɩp-ba.']
['D tẽeg tɩ b sẽn maand to-to n leokd sogsgã to-to wã pa zems ye.']
['Y sã n wa karemd bũmb sẽn be sɩtã pʋgẽ, bɩ y ra tol n yĩm tɩ y segd n tɩ gesa logtor ye. Y sã n tagsdẽ tɩ y tara yĩn-wɩsgr yell bɩ y bool 911 wall y kẽng logtor yirã.']
['Bas-m-yam: sɛbã zãab wɛɛngẽ']
['Digital Millennium Copyright Act sẽn yaa yʋʋmd 1998 soabã, 17 U.S.C. § 512 (DMCA) kõta sor tɩ ned sã n tẽed tɩ bũmb sẽn be ẽntɛrnetã pʋgẽ kɩɩsda a sẽn tar sor n tõe n maan bũmb ninsã, a tõe n tɩ kos n paam n lebse.']
['Yãmb sã n tẽed ne pʋ-peelem tɩ bũmb sẽn be tõnd sɩt wɛɛbã pʋgẽ bɩ tõnd tʋʋm-noyã pʋsẽ n sãamd yãmb dʋrwa wã, yãmb (bɩ y tʋʋm-tʋmdã) tõe n toola tõnd koɛɛg n kos tɩ d yiis bũmbã wall d gɩdg tɩ y ra paam n kẽ ye.']
['B segd n tʋma koees ne ẽtɛrnetã (Ges-y ẽtɛrnetã adɛrs sẽn be babg ning sẽn yet tɩ "Tõnd sõsg zĩigã").']
['DMCA wã baoodame tɩ yãmb sẽn na n togs ned tɩ b maan-a-la bũmb sẽn kɩɩsd a sẽn tar sor n tõe n maan bũmb ningã, bɩ y wilg-a bũmb nins sẽn pʋgdã: 1) bũmb ning sẽn kɩt tɩ b maan-a bũmb ningã, 2) bũmb ning sẽn kɩt tɩ b maan-a bũmb ningã, la y wilg-d bũmb ning sẽn kɩt tɩ d tõe n bãng a sẽn be zĩig ninga. 3) y sẽn tõe n paam ned n gom ne-a to-to, n paas y adɛrsã, telefõnnã nimero, la y e-mailã. 4) y sã n yeel tɩ y kɩsa sɩd tɩ bũmb ning sẽn kɩt tɩ y maan bũmb ningã pa ned ning sẽn tar sor n tõe n maan bũmbã, bɩ a tʋm-tʋmdã, bɩ laloa wã sẽn kõ sor tɩ y maan ye.']
['5) Y sã n wa rat n wilg tɩ y pa tar sor n na n kɩɩs ned a to, bɩ y gʋls sebr n wilg tɩ y sẽn togsã yaa sɩda, la tɩ y tara sor n na n wilg tɩ nedã sẽn maan bũmb ning n kɩɩs yãmb dʋrwa rãmbã yaa sɩda.']
['La (6) sɛb nins sẽn tar-b sor n na n yiis sɛbã, bɩ ned sẽn tar sor n na n tʋm sɛbã yiisg yĩngã.']
['Y sã n pa gʋls kibay nins sẽn be yĩngrã, tõe n kɩtame tɩ y yẽgengã kaoos n pa sa ye.']
['Sõsg ne neda']
['Y sã n tar sokr bɩ y sẽn dat n bãnge, bɩ y gʋls-d lɛtr n tool-do.']
What is pathophysiology of breast cancer?
Pathophysiology of breast cancer refers to the abnormal changes in the normal physiological processes and mechanisms that occur in the development and progression of breast cancer.
It involves the study of the underlying biological and molecular mechanisms that lead to the uncontrolled growth and spread of cancer cells in the breast tissue.
This includes the genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors that contribute to the initiation, promotion, and progression of breast cancer.
Some of the key pathophysiological changes in breast cancer include:
1. Genetic mutations: Mutations in certain genes, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2, can increase the risk of developing breast cancer.
These mutations can be inherited or acquired during a person's lifetime.
2. Hormonal imbalances: Hormones, particularly estrogen, can play a role in the development and growth of breast cancer.
An imbalance in hormone levels or exposure to excess estrogen can increase the risk of breast cancer.
3. Inflammation: Chronic inflammation in the breast tissue can contribute to the development of breast cancer by promoting the growth and survival of cancer cells.
4. Tumor microenvironment: The environment surrounding the tumor, including the extracellular matrix, immune cells, and blood vessels, can influence the growth and spread of breast cancer.
5. Metastasis: Breast cancer can spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or bloodstream, leading to the formation of secondary tumors in distant organs.
Understanding the pathophysiology of breast cancer is crucial for developing effective prevention, early detection, and treatment strategies.
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['Sẽn zems']
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['D sɩngda ne sɛb milyõ 35 sẽn tik Biiblã zug n yiisd tɩbsg wɛɛngẽ.']
