1. Kati te kai paipa, kaua rānei e tīmata ki te kai paipa: Ko te kai paipa te take matua o te mate pukupuku o te pūkahukahu, nō reira ko te whakamutu, te karo rānei i te kai paipa te tikanga tino nui hei ārai i te mate pukupuku o te pūkahukahu.
2. Whakaitihia te noho ki te paowa paowa: A ape i te noho tata ki nga tangata e momi ana, na te mea ka taea e te paowa paowa te whakanui ake i to tupono mo te mate pukupuku o te manawa.
3. Aukati i te whakaputanga ki te hau radon: Ko te hau radon he hau irirangi e puta noa ana ka taea te mate pukupuku o te pūkahukahu.
Me whakamātauria tō kāinga mō ngā taumata o te radon, me te mahi i ngā mahi hei whakaiti i a rātau mēnā e tika ana.
4. Whakaitihia te whakaatu ki te parahanga hau: Ko te parahanga hau, ina koa i nga taone nui, ka piki ake te mate pukupuku o te manawa.
Ngana ki te karo i nga waahi e nui ana te poke o te hau me te whakakakahu i te kopare mena e tika ana.
5. Whakaitihia te kitenga i te asbestos me etahi atu mate pukupuku: Ko te kitenga i te asbestos, te arsenic, te nickel, me te chromium ka nui ake te mate pukupuku o te pūkahukahu.
Me whakarite kia iti te pānga ki ēnei matū i te wāhi mahi.
6. Kai i te kai hauora: Ko te kai e nui ana i nga hua, i nga huawhenua, i nga huawhenua katoa, ka taea te awhina i te whakaiti i te mate pukupuku o te pukupuku.
7. Whakamahia te mahi tinana: Ka taea e te mahi tinana auau te awhina i te whakaiti i te mate pukupuku o te pukupuku.
8. Kia mau ki te taumaha hauora: Ko te taumaha nui, te momona ranei ka nui ake te mate o te mate pukupuku o te manawa, no reira he mea nui te pupuri i te taumaha hauora ma te kai me te korikori.
9. Whiwhi kano ārai mate ki te HPV: Ka taea e te huaketo papilloma tangata (HPV) te whakapiki i te mōrea o te mate pukupuku pūkahukahu, nō reira ko te werohanga ka ārai i te mate.
10. Nga tirotiro auau: Ko nga tirotiro auau me to kaiwhakarato hauora ka awhina i te kitenga wawe o te mate pukupuku o te manawa, i te wa e tino rongoa ana.
11. Whakaarohia te tirotiro mate pukupuku o te manawa: Mena he kai paipa koe i mua, i mua ranei, korero atu ki to kaiwhakarato hauora mo nga whiringa tirotiro mate pukupuku o te manawa, penei i te iti o te rorohiko rorohiko (CT) scans.
12. Aukati i nga moenga tanning: Ka taea e nga moenga tanning te whakanui ake i te mate pukupuku kiri, ka horapa atu ki nga pūkahukahu, na reira ko te karo i a raatau ka awhina i te aukati i te mate pukupuku o te pūkahukahu.
13. Whakaitihia te inu waipiro: Ma te nui o te inu waipiro ka nui ake te mate pukupuku o te pūkahukahu, no reira he mea nui te whakaiti i te inu waipiro.
14. Aukati i nga morearea mahi: Ko etahi mahi, penei i te maina me te mahi whakarewa, ka piki ake te mate pukupuku o te pūkahukahu na te pa atu ki nga mate pukupuku.
Tangohia nga whakatupatotanga hei whakaiti i te whakaaturanga i enei ahuatanga.
15. Kia mōhio tonu: Kia mōhio tonu ki ngā rangahau hou me ngā tūtohutanga mō te ārai mate pukupuku pūkahukahu, me te kōrero ki tō kaiwhakarato hauora mō ngā āwangawanga, pātai rānei kei a koe.
Risser NL: Prevention of lung cancer: the key is to stop smoking. Semin Oncol Nurs. 1996, 12 (4): 260-9.
Lim JU, Yoon HK: Narrative review: association between lung cancer development and ambient particulate matter in never-smokers. J Thorac Dis. 2022, 14 (2): 553-563.
Zhang Z, Lu S, Dunmall LSC, Wang Z, Cheng Z, Zhang Z, Yan W, Chu Y, Gao D, Wang N, Li Y, Wang J, Li Y, Ji Y, Shan D, Li K, Wang P, Dong Y, Dong J, Lemoine NR, Pei D, Zhang L, Wang Y: Treatment and Prevention of Lung Cancer Using a Virus-Infected Reprogrammed Somatic Cell-Derived Tumor Cell Vaccination (VIReST) Regime. Front Immunol. 2020, 11 (): 1996.
Astrup AV, Sandström B: [Antioxidative primary prevention with beta-carotene: does it prevent or cause lung cancer and ischemic heart disease in smokers?]. Ugeskr Laeger. 1994, 156 (23): 3510-1.
Shankar A, Dubey A, Saini D, Singh M, Prasad CP, Roy S, Bharati SJ, Rinki M, Singh N, Seth T, Khanna M, Sethi N, Kumar S, Sirohi B, Mohan A, Guleria R, Rath GK: Environmental and occupational determinants of lung cancer. Transl Lung Cancer Res. 2019, 8 (Suppl 1): S31-S49.
Krawczyk P, Duchnowska R, Nicoś M, Kowalski D, Wojas-Krawczyk K: Preventing central nervous system metastases in non-small cell lung cancer. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther. 2018, 18 (11): 1077-1083.
Ren G, Ye J, Fan Y, Wang J, Sun Z, Jia H, Du X, Hou C, Wang Y, Zhao Y, Zhou Q: [Survey and analysis of awareness of lung cancer prevention and control in a LDCT lung cancer screening project in Tianjin Dagang Oilfield of China]. Zhongguo Fei Ai Za Zhi. 2014, 17 (2): 163-70.
['Whakakahoretanga: hauora']
['Ko tenei paetukutuku e whakaratohia ana mo nga kaupapa ako me nga korero anake, kaore hoki e whakarato i nga tohutohu hauora, i nga ratonga ngaio ranei.']
['Kaua e whakamahia ngā mōhiohio e whakaratohia ana hei tātaritanga, hei whakaora rānei i tētahi raruraru hauora, mate rānei, ā, ko te hunga e rapu ana i te tohutohu hauora whaiaro me kōrero ki tētahi tākuta whai raihana.']
['Kia mōhio mai koe ko te whatunga pūtau e whakaputa ana i ngā whakautu ki ngā pātai, he tino hē ina tae mai ki te ihirangi tau. Hei tauira, ko te tokomaha o ngā tāngata kua tohua he mate tauwhāiti.']
['Me rapu tonu i te tohutohu a tō tākuta, i tētahi atu kaiwhakarato hauora whai tohu rānei e pā ana ki tētahi mate hauora. Kaua rawa e whakahawea ki te tohutohu hauora ngaio, te whakaroa rānei ki te rapu i te mea nā tētahi mea i pānuihia e koe i tēnei paetukutuku. Ki te whakaaro koe he mate hauora ohorere pea koe, waea atu ki te 911 ka haere ki te rūma ohorere tata tonu. Kāore he hononga tākuta-tūroro i hangaia e tēnei paetukutuku, i tōna whakamahinga rānei. Kāore a BioMedLib, ōna kaimahi rānei, tētahi kaitohutohu rānei ki tēnei paetukutuku, e whakaatu ana, e tohu ana rānei, e pā ana ki ngā mōhiohio e whakaratohia ana i konei, ki tōna whakamahinga rānei.']
['Whakakahoretanga: mana pupuri']
['Ko te Ture Mana pupuri Mamati Mamati o te tau 1998, 17 U.S.C. § 512 (te DMCA) e whakarato ana i te whakahoki mo nga rangatira mana pupuri e whakapono ana ko nga rauemi e puta ana i runga i te Ipurangi e takahi ana i o raatau mana i raro i te ture mana pupuri a US. ']
['Mēnā e whakapono pono ana koe e takahi ana tētahi ihirangi, rauemi rānei e wātea ana i runga i tō mātou paetukutuku, ratonga rānei i tō mana pupuri, ka taea e koe (tō māngai rānei) te tuku pānui ki a mātou e tono ana kia tangohia te ihirangi, rauemi rānei, kia āraia rānei te uru atu ki a ia. ']
["Me tuku ngā whakamōhiotanga ā-tuhi mā te īmēra (tirohia te wāhanga 'Whakapā' mō te wāhitau īmēra). "]
['E hiahiatia ana e te DMCA kia whakaurua ki tō whakamōhiotanga mō te whakawātea mana pupuri i ngā mōhiohio e whai ake nei: (1) whakaahuatanga o te mahi mana pupuri e pā ana ki te whakawātea e whakapaetia ana; (2) whakaahuatanga o te ihirangi e whakapaetia ana e takahi ana me ngā mōhiohio e tika ana kia taea ai e mātou te kimi i te ihirangi; (3) mōhiohio whakapā mōu, tae atu ki tō wāhitau, tau waea me tō wāhitau īmēra; (4) he tauākī nāu e whakapono pono ana koe kāore te ihirangi i te āhua e amuamutia ana i whakamanahia e te kaipupuri mana pupuri, e tana māngai rānei, e te whakahaerenga rānei o tētahi ture; ']
['(5) he tauākī nāu i haina, i raro i te whiu o te whakapae teka, e tika ana ngā mōhiohio i roto i te whakamōhiotanga, ā, kei a koe te mana ki te whakatinana i ngā mana pupuri e kīia ana kua takahia;']
['me te (6) he waitohu ā-tinana, ā-rorohiko rānei a te kaipupuri mana pupuri, a tētahi tangata rānei kua whakamanahia ki te mahi mō te kaipupuri mana pupuri. ']
['Ki te kore e whakaurua ngā mōhiohio katoa i runga ake nei, ka whakaroa pea te tukatuka o tō amuamu.']
['Whakapā']
['Tena koa tukuna mai he imeera ki a maatau me tetahi patai / whakaaro.']
How to prevent lung cancer?
1. Quit smoking or don't start smoking: Smoking is the leading cause of lung cancer, so quitting or avoiding smoking is the most important measure to prevent lung cancer.
2. Limit exposure to secondhand smoke: Avoid being around people who are smoking, as secondhand smoke can also increase your risk of lung cancer.
3. Avoid exposure to radon gas: Radon gas is a naturally occurring radioactive gas that can cause lung cancer.
Have your home tested for radon levels and take steps to reduce them if necessary.
4. Limit exposure to air pollution: Air pollution, especially in urban areas, can increase the risk of lung cancer.
Try to avoid areas with high levels of air pollution and wear a mask if necessary.
5. Limit exposure to asbestos and other carcinogens: Exposure to asbestos, arsenic, nickel, and chromium can increase the risk of lung cancer.
Take precautions to limit exposure to these substances in the workplace.
6. Eat a healthy diet: A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains can help reduce the risk of lung cancer.
7. Exercise regularly: Regular physical activity can help reduce the risk of lung cancer.
8. Maintain a healthy weight: Being overweight or obese can increase the risk of lung cancer, so maintaining a healthy weight through diet and exercise is important.
9. Get vaccinated against HPV: The human papillomavirus (HPV) can increase the risk of lung cancer, so getting vaccinated can help prevent infection.
10. Regular check-ups: Regular check-ups with your healthcare provider can help detect lung cancer early, when it is most treatable.
11. Consider lung cancer screening: If you are a current or former heavy smoker, talk to your healthcare provider about lung cancer screening options, such as low-dose computed tomography (CT) scans.
12. Avoid tanning beds: Tanning beds can increase the risk of skin cancer, which can spread to the lungs, so avoiding them can help prevent lung cancer.
13. Limit alcohol consumption: Excessive alcohol consumption can increase the risk of lung cancer, so limiting alcohol intake is important.
14. Avoid occupational hazards: Certain occupations, such as mining and metalworking, can increase the risk of lung cancer due to exposure to carcinogens.
Take precautions to limit exposure in these situations.
15. Stay informed: Stay up-to-date on the latest research and recommendations for lung cancer prevention and talk to your healthcare provider about any concerns or questions you may have.
Disclaimer: medical
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['Mō te']
['Ka whakamahi a BioMedLib i nga rorohiko aunoa (nga hātepe ako-mīhini) hei whakaputa takirua pātai-me-whakautu.']
['Ka tīmata mātou ki te 35 miriona ngā tānga rongoā koiora o PubMed/Medline.']
['Tirohia te "Whakaputanga" hoki "Whakakahoretanga".']
