He aha ngā āhuatanga mōrearea mō te whakaeke ngakau?
He maha ngā take mōrearea mō te whakaeke ngakau, tae atu ki:
1. Tau: Ka piki te mōrea o te whakaeke ngakau i te pakeke, i muri i te 45 tau mō ngā tāne, i te 55 tau mō ngā wāhine.
2. Nga taumata cholesterol teitei: Ko nga taumata tiketike o te LDL (kino) cholesterol me nga taumata iti o te HDL (pai) cholesterol ka taea te whakanui ake i te mate o te ngakau.
3. Te pēhanga toto tiketike: Ko te pēhanga toto tiketike e kore e whakahaerehia ka taea te kino i nga uaua me te whakanui ake i te mate o te ngakau.
4. Te mate huka: Ko nga taangata e mate huka ana ka nui ake te mate o te ngakau na te kino o te huka toto nui ki nga oko toto.
5. Te taumaha nui, te mōmona rānei: Ka taea e te taumaha nui te whakapiki ake i te mōrea o te whakaeke ngakau mā te āwhina ki ētahi atu take mōrea pēnei i te pēhanga toto tiketike me te mate huka.
6. Te kore mahi: Ko te kore mahi tinana ka whai wāhi atu ki te whanaketanga o te mate ngakau, me te whakapiki ake i te mōrea o te whakaeke ngakau.
7. Te kai hikareti: Ko te kai hikareti tētahi take mōrearea nui mō te whakaeke ngakau, nā te mea ka tūkino i ngā oko toto, ka nui ake te mōrearea o te toto.
8. Tuhinga o mua: Ko te hitori o te mate ngakau o te whanau ka whakapiki i te mate o te ngakau.
9. Atrial fibrillation: He auau kore o te ngakau ka taea te whakanui ake i te mate o te ngakau me te whiu.
10. Te whakaeke ngakau o mua, te whiu ranei: Ko te hunga kua pa ki te whakaeke ngakau o mua, ki te whiu ranei, he nui ake te tupono ka pa ano ki tetahi atu.
11. Te ahotea: Ka taea e te ahotea pūmau te āwhina ki te whanaketanga o te mate ngakau, me te whakapiki ake i te mōrea o te whakaeke ngakau.
12. Nga mate autoimmune: Ko nga mate penei i te lupus me te mate rumati ka nui ake te mate o te ngakau ki nga waahine.
13. Ngā raruraru hauora e pā ana ki te hapūtanga: Ko nga wahine e pā ana ki te mate huka hapūtanga, te toto toto rānei i te wā e hapū ana, ka nui ake te mōrearea o te pā ki te mate ngakau i muri mai i te ora.
14. Nga taumata estrogen iti: Ko nga waahine kua pahemo i te menopause, kua tangohia ranei te kopu, he iti ake te taumata o te estrogen, ka nui ake te mate o te mate ngakau ki nga wahine kaore ano kia puta.
He mea nui kia mōhio mēnā kāore e taea te huri i ētahi āhuatanga mōrearea, pēnei i te pakeke me te hītori whānau, he maha ētahi atu ka taea te whakahaere mā te huri i te āhua o te ora me ngā wawaotanga rongoā.
Ko te tirotiro auau, te pupuri i te kai hauora, te korikori tinana, te whakamutu i te momi hikareti, me te whakahaere i nga mate tuuturu penei i te toto toto me te mate huka ka awhina i te whakaiti i te mate ngakau.
Poomsrikaew O, Ryan CJ, Zerwic JJ: Knowledge of heart attack symptoms and risk factors among native Thais: a street-intercept survey method. Int J Nurs Pract. 2010, 16 (5): 492-8.
Ahmed AAA, Al-Shami AM, Jamshed S, Zawiah M, Elnaem MH, Mohamed Ibrahim MI: Awareness of the Risk Factors for Heart Attack Among the General Public in Pahang, Malaysia: A Cross-Sectional Study. Risk Manag Healthc Policy. 2020, 13 (): 3089-3102.
Fussman C, Rafferty AP, Reeves MJ, Zackery S, Lyon-Callo S, Anderson B: Racial disparities in knowledge of stroke and heart attack risk factors and warning signs among Michigan adults. Ethn Dis. 2009, 19 (2): 128-34.
Ahmed AAA, Al-Shami AM, Jamshed S, Fata Nahas AR: Development of questionnaire on awareness and action towards symptoms and risk factors of heart attack and stroke among a Malaysian population. BMC Public Health. 2019, 19 (1): 1300.
Hwang SY, Ryan CJ, Zerwic JJ: Korean immigrants' knowledge of heart attack symptoms and risk factors. J Immigr Minor Health. 2008, 10 (1): 67-72.
Fukuoka Y, Oh YJ: Perceived Heart Attack Likelihood in Adults with a High Diabetes Risk. Heart Lung. , 52 (): 42-47.
Poomsrikaew O, Ryan CJ, Zerwic JJ: Knowledge of heart attack symptoms and risk factors among native Thais. West J Nurs Res. 2009, 31 (8): 1088-9.
['Whakakahoretanga: hauora']
['Ko tenei paetukutuku e whakaratohia ana mo nga kaupapa ako me nga korero anake, kaore hoki e whakarato i nga tohutohu hauora, i nga ratonga ngaio ranei.']
['Kaua e whakamahia ngā mōhiohio e whakaratohia ana hei tātaritanga, hei whakaora rānei i tētahi raruraru hauora, mate rānei, ā, ko te hunga e rapu ana i te tohutohu hauora whaiaro me kōrero ki tētahi tākuta whai raihana.']
['Kia mōhio mai koe ko te whatunga pūtau e whakaputa ana i ngā whakautu ki ngā pātai, he tino hē ina tae mai ki te ihirangi tau. Hei tauira, ko te tokomaha o ngā tāngata kua tohua he mate tauwhāiti.']
['Me rapu tonu i te tohutohu a tō tākuta, i tētahi atu kaiwhakarato hauora whai tohu rānei e pā ana ki tētahi mate hauora. Kaua rawa e whakahawea ki te tohutohu hauora ngaio, te whakaroa rānei ki te rapu i te mea nā tētahi mea i pānuihia e koe i tēnei paetukutuku. Ki te whakaaro koe he mate hauora ohorere pea koe, waea atu ki te 911 ka haere ki te rūma ohorere tata tonu. Kāore he hononga tākuta-tūroro i hangaia e tēnei paetukutuku, i tōna whakamahinga rānei. Kāore a BioMedLib, ōna kaimahi rānei, tētahi kaitohutohu rānei ki tēnei paetukutuku, e whakaatu ana, e tohu ana rānei, e pā ana ki ngā mōhiohio e whakaratohia ana i konei, ki tōna whakamahinga rānei.']
['Whakakahoretanga: mana pupuri']
['Ko te Ture Mana pupuri Mamati Mamati o te tau 1998, 17 U.S.C. § 512 (te DMCA) e whakarato ana i te whakahoki mo nga rangatira mana pupuri e whakapono ana ko nga rauemi e puta ana i runga i te Ipurangi e takahi ana i o raatau mana i raro i te ture mana pupuri a US. ']
['Mēnā e whakapono pono ana koe e takahi ana tētahi ihirangi, rauemi rānei e wātea ana i runga i tō mātou paetukutuku, ratonga rānei i tō mana pupuri, ka taea e koe (tō māngai rānei) te tuku pānui ki a mātou e tono ana kia tangohia te ihirangi, rauemi rānei, kia āraia rānei te uru atu ki a ia. ']
["Me tuku ngā whakamōhiotanga ā-tuhi mā te īmēra (tirohia te wāhanga 'Whakapā' mō te wāhitau īmēra). "]
['E hiahiatia ana e te DMCA kia whakaurua ki tō whakamōhiotanga mō te whakawātea mana pupuri i ngā mōhiohio e whai ake nei: (1) whakaahuatanga o te mahi mana pupuri e pā ana ki te whakawātea e whakapaetia ana; (2) whakaahuatanga o te ihirangi e whakapaetia ana e takahi ana me ngā mōhiohio e tika ana kia taea ai e mātou te kimi i te ihirangi; (3) mōhiohio whakapā mōu, tae atu ki tō wāhitau, tau waea me tō wāhitau īmēra; (4) he tauākī nāu e whakapono pono ana koe kāore te ihirangi i te āhua e amuamutia ana i whakamanahia e te kaipupuri mana pupuri, e tana māngai rānei, e te whakahaerenga rānei o tētahi ture; ']
['(5) he tauākī nāu i haina, i raro i te whiu o te whakapae teka, e tika ana ngā mōhiohio i roto i te whakamōhiotanga, ā, kei a koe te mana ki te whakatinana i ngā mana pupuri e kīia ana kua takahia;']
['me te (6) he waitohu ā-tinana, ā-rorohiko rānei a te kaipupuri mana pupuri, a tētahi tangata rānei kua whakamanahia ki te mahi mō te kaipupuri mana pupuri. ']
['Ki te kore e whakaurua ngā mōhiohio katoa i runga ake nei, ka whakaroa pea te tukatuka o tō amuamu.']
['Whakapā']
['Tena koa tukuna mai he imeera ki a maatau me tetahi patai / whakaaro.']
What are the risk factors for heart attack?
There are several risk factors for heart attack, including:
1. Age: The risk of heart attack increases with age, especially after the age of 45 for men and 55 for women.
2. High cholesterol levels: High levels of LDL (bad) cholesterol and low levels of HDL (good) cholesterol can increase the risk of heart attack.
3. High blood pressure: Uncontrolled high blood pressure can damage the arteries and increase the risk of heart attack.
4. Diabetes: People with diabetes are at a higher risk of heart attack due to the damage high blood sugar can cause to blood vessels.
5. Being overweight or obese: Excess weight can increase the risk of heart attack by contributing to other risk factors such as high blood pressure and diabetes.
6. Not exercising: Lack of physical activity can contribute to the development of heart disease and increase the risk of heart attack.
7. Smoking: Smoking is a major risk factor for heart attack, as it damages the blood vessels and increases the risk of blood clots.
8. Family history: A family history of heart disease can increase the risk of heart attack.
9. Atrial fibrillation: This is an irregular heart rhythm that can increase the risk of heart attack and stroke.
10. Previous heart attack or stroke: People who have had a previous heart attack or stroke are at a higher risk of having another one.
11. Stress: Chronic stress can contribute to the development of heart disease and increase the risk of heart attack.
12. Autoimmune conditions: Conditions such as lupus and rheumatoid arthritis can increase the risk of heart disease in women.
13. Pregnancy-related health problems: Women who develop gestational diabetes or hypertension during pregnancy are at an increased risk of developing heart disease later in life.
14. Low estrogen levels: Women who have gone through menopause or had a hysterectomy have lower levels of estrogen, which can increase their risk of heart disease compared to women who have not.
It is important to note that while some risk factors, such as age and family history, cannot be changed, many others can be managed through lifestyle changes and medical interventions.
Regular check-ups, maintaining a healthy diet, exercising regularly, quitting smoking, and managing chronic conditions like high blood pressure and diabetes can help reduce the risk of heart attack.
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['Mō te']
['Ka whakamahi a BioMedLib i nga rorohiko aunoa (nga hātepe ako-mīhini) hei whakaputa takirua pātai-me-whakautu.']
['Ka tīmata mātou ki te 35 miriona ngā tānga rongoā koiora o PubMed/Medline.']
['Tirohia te "Whakaputanga" hoki "Whakakahoretanga".']
