Urticaria, yeo e tsebjago e le dikgofa, ke boemo bja letlalo bjo bo hlaolwago ke go hlohlona, go rotoga ga dišo tšeo di ka tšwelelago karolong le ge e le efe ya mmele.
E ka bakwa ke dilo tše di fapa-fapanego, go akaretša go ba le ditla-morago tša go se iketle mmeleng, go fetelwa ke malwetši goba maemo a mangwe a tša kalafo.
Kalafo ya urticaria e ithekgile ka go ba šoro ga boemo le sebaki sa bjona.
Tše ke tše dingwe tša dikgetho tše di tlwaelegilego tša kalafo:
1. Di-antihistamine: Dihlare tše di thuša go fokotša go hlohlona le go ruruga ka go thibela ditla-morago tša histamine, e lego khemikhale yeo e ntšhwago ke mmele nakong ya go ba le bolwetši bja go se iketle mmeleng.
Di-antihistamine tšeo di sa rekišwego ka ngaka tše bjalo ka diphenhydramine (Benadryl) goba loratadine (Claritin) di ka šoma gabotse mabakeng a bonolo.
Mabakeng a šoro kudu, ngaka e ka laela di-antihistamine tše matla kudu.
2. Di-corticosteroid: Mabakeng ao go ona di-antihistamine di sa šomego, di-corticosteroid tše bjalo ka prednisone di ka laelwa go fokotša go ruruga le go thibela tshepedišo ya go lwantšha malwetši.
Dihlare-tagi tše gantši di nwewa ka molomo gomme di ka imolla kapejana.
Dihlare tša go thibela malwetši: Mabakeng a urticaria e sa alafegego yeo e sa arabelego dikalafing tše dingwe, dihlare tša go thibela malwetši tše bjalo ka cyclosporine goba methotrexate di ka newa go thibela tshepedišo ya go lwantšha malwetši le go fokotša go ruruga.
4. Omalizumab: Se ke sehlare sa go hlabelwa sa monoclonal antibody seo se hlaselago le go thibela immunoglobulin E (IgE), e lego proteine yeo e akaretšwago go ditirišanong tša go se iketle mmeleng.
Gantši e dirišwa go urticaria ya ka mehla yeo e sa arabelego dikalafing tše dingwe.
5. Phema dilo tšeo di bakago: Go lemoga le go phema dilo tšeo di bakago urticaria go ka thuša go thibela go phatlalala ga bolwetši.
Dilo tše dingwe tšeo di ka bakago bolwetši bjo ke dijo tše itšego, dihlare, go longwa ke dikhunkhwane le go ba phišong, go tonya goba mahlaseding a letšatši.
6. Go phuthela ka seela se se tonyago: Go phuthela seela se se tonyago lefelong leo le gobetšego go ka thuša go fokotša go hlohlona le go ruruga.
7. Diširo tše di kolobilego: Diširo tše di kolobilego di ka dirišwa go okobatša go hlohlona le go fokotša go ruruga.
Go phuthwa lešela le le kolobilego go dikologa lefelo leo le gobetšego, ke moka go bewa lešela le le omilego go lona gore le boloke monola.
8. Kalafo ya seetša: Go ba seetšeng sa ultraviolet go ka thuša go fokotša tshepedišo ya go lwantšha malwetši le go fokotša go ruruga mabakeng a mangwe a urticaria e sa alafegego.
Go bohlokwa go boledišana le setsebi sa tša tlhokomelo ya tša maphelo bakeng sa go hwetša tlhahlobo le kalafo ya urticaria.
Ba ka thuša go hwetša sebaki sa motheo le go šišinya mokgwa o swanetšego kudu wa kalafo.
Deleanu D, Nedelea I, Petricau C, Leru P, Dumitrascu D, Muntean A: Clinical impact of omalizumab in refractory chronic urticaria: One centre experience. Exp Ther Med. 2019, 18 (6): 5078-5081.
Grundmann SA, Kiefer S, Luger TA, Brehler R: Delayed pressure urticaria - dapsone heading for first-line therapy? J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 2011, 9 (11): 908-12.
Staumont-Sallé D, Piette F, Delaporte E: [Etiological diagnosis and treatment of chronic urticaria]. Rev Med Interne. 2003, 24 (1): 34-44.
Akashi R, Ishiguro N, Shimizu S, Kawashima M: Clinical study of the relationship between Helicobacter pylori and chronic urticaria and prurigo chronica multiformis: effectiveness of eradication therapy for Helicobacter pylori. J Dermatol. 2011, 38 (8): 761-6.
Calogiuri G, Nettis E, Mandurino-Mirizzi A, Di Leo E, Macchia L, Foti C, Vacca A, Kounis NG: Omalizumab for the Treatment of Persistent Drug Induced Urticaria Elicited by Thienopyridines: A Case Report. Antiinflamm Antiallergy Agents Med Chem. 2020, 19 (3): 335-339.
['Boikano: bja tša kalafo']
['Wepesaete ye e neetšwe feela bakeng sa go ruta le go nea tsebišo gomme ga e nee keletšo ya tša kalafo goba ditirelo tša tša kalafo.']
['Tsebišo yeo e neilwego ga se ya swanela go dirišwa bakeng sa go hlahloba goba go alafa bothata bja tša maphelo goba bolwetši, gomme bao ba nyakago keletšo ya tša kalafo ya motho ka noši ba swanetše go boledišana le ngaka yeo e nago le tumelelo.']
['Ka kgopelo lemoga gore netweke ya methapo yeo e tšweletšago dikarabo tša dipotšišo, ga e nepagale kudu ge go tliwa go diteng tša dinomoro. Ka mohlala, palo ya batho bao ba hweditšwego ba na le bolwetši bjo bo itšego.']
['Ka mehla nyaka keletšo ya ngaka ya gago goba mofani yo mongwe wa tlhokomelo ya tša maphelo yo a nago le bokgoni mabapi le boemo bja tša kalafo. Le ka mohla o se ke wa hlokomologa keletšo ya tša kalafo goba wa diega go e nyaka ka baka la selo seo o se badilego wepesaeteng ye. Ge e ba o nagana gore o ka ba o le boemong bja tšhoganetšo bja tša kalafo, leletša 911 goba o ye phapošing ya tšhoganetšo ya kgauswi le wena kapejana. Ga go na tswalano ya ngaka le molwetši yeo e bopšago ke wepesaete ye goba go e diriša. BioMedLib goba bašomi ba yona, goba motho le ge e le ofe yo a tsenyago letsogo wepesaeteng ye, ga ba dire ditshepišo le ge e le dife, e ka ba tše di boletšwego ka go lebanya goba tše di sa hlaloswago gabotse, mabapi le tsebišo yeo e neilwego mo goba go e diriša.']
['Go se tšee karolo: tokelo ya ngwalollo']
['Molao wa Digital Millennium Copyright wa 1998, 17 U.S.C. § 512 (DMCA) o nea baamogedi ba tokelo ya ngwalollo bao ba dumelago gore dilo tšeo di tšwelelago ka go Inthanete di tshwenyana le ditokelo tša bona ka tlase ga molao wa U.S. wa tokelo ya ngwalollo. ']
['Ge e ba o dumela ka potego gore diteng goba dilo tšeo di lego mabapi le wepesaete ya rena goba ditirelo di tshwenyana le tokelo ya gago ya go gatiša, wena (goba moemedi wa gago) o ka re romela tsebišo ya gore o kgopele gore diteng goba dilo tšeo di tlošwe goba gore o thibelwe go di fihlelela. ']
["Ditsebišo di swanetše go romelwa ka go ngwala ka emeile (lebelela karolo ya 'Kgokagano' go hwetša aterese ya emeile). "]
['DMCA e nyaka gore tsebišo ya gago ya go pharwa ga molao wa tokelo ya ngwalollo e akaretše tshedimošo ye e latelago: (1) tlhaloso ya mošomo wa tokelo ya ngwalollo wo o pharwago ka molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa pharwa ga molao wa pharwa ga molao wa go pharwa ga molao wa pharwa ga molao wa pharwa ga molao wa pharwa ga molao wa pharwa ga molao wa pharwa ga molao wa pharwa ga molao wa pharwa ga molao wa pharwa ga molao wa pharwa ga molao wa pharwa ga molao wa pharwa ga molao wa pharwa ga molao wa pharwa ga molao wa pharwa ga molao wa pharwa ga molao wa pharwa ga molao wa pharwa ga molao wa pharwa ga molao wa pharwa ga molao wa pharwa ga molao.']
['(5) setatamente sa gago, seo se saennwego ka tlase ga kotlo ya go bolela maaka, gore tshedimošo yeo e lego tsebišong e nepagetše le gore o na le maatla a go phethagatša ditokelo tša mongwadi tšeo go thwego di a gatakelwa; ']
['le (6) tshaeno ya kgonthe goba ya elektroniki ya mong wa tokelo ya ngwalollo goba motho yo a dumeletšwego go dira legatong la mong wa tokelo ya ngwalollo. ']
['Go palelwa ke go akaretša tshedimošo ka moka ya ka godimo go ka dira gore go šongwa ga ngongorego ya gago go diege.']
['Go Ikgokaganya']
['Re romele imeile ka kgopelo le ge e le efe goba tšhišinyo.']
How to treat urticaria?
Urticaria, commonly known as hives, is a skin condition characterized by itchy, raised welts that can appear on any part of the body.
It can be caused by various factors, including allergic reactions, infections, or underlying medical conditions.
Treatment for urticaria depends on the severity of the condition and the underlying cause.
Here are some common treatment options:
1. Antihistamines: These medications help to reduce itching and swelling by blocking the effects of histamine, a chemical released by the body during an allergic reaction.
Over-the-counter antihistamines such as diphenhydramine (Benadryl) or loratadine (Claritin) can be effective in mild cases.
In more severe cases, a doctor may prescribe stronger antihistamines.
2. Corticosteroids: In cases where antihistamines are not effective, corticosteroids such as prednisone may be prescribed to reduce inflammation and suppress the immune system.
These medications are usually taken orally and can provide quick relief.
3. Immunosuppressants: In cases of chronic urticaria that do not respond to other treatments, immunosuppressant drugs such as cyclosporine or methotrexate may be prescribed to suppress the immune system and reduce inflammation.
4. Omalizumab: This medication is an injectable monoclonal antibody that targets and blocks immunoglobulin E (IgE), a protein involved in allergic reactions.
It is typically used for chronic urticaria that does not respond to other treatments.
5. Avoid triggers: Identifying and avoiding triggers that cause urticaria can help prevent outbreaks.
Common triggers include certain foods, medications, insect bites, and exposure to heat, cold, or sunlight.
6. Cold compress: Applying a cold compress to the affected area can help reduce itching and swelling.
7. Wet wraps: Wet wraps can be used to soothe itching and reduce inflammation.
A damp cloth is wrapped around the affected area, and then a dry cloth is placed over it to retain moisture.
8. Phototherapy: Exposure to ultraviolet light can help suppress the immune system and reduce inflammation in some cases of chronic urticaria.
It is important to consult a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment of urticaria.
They can help determine the underlying cause and recommend the most appropriate treatment plan.
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