Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zimene zingachititse kuti munthu akhale ndi khansa ya m'mawere?
Pali zinthu zingapo zimene zingachititse kuti munthu akhale ndi khansa ya m'mawere, zina mwa izo zingasinthidwe ndipo zina sizingasinthidwe.
Nazi zina mwa zinthu zimene zimayambitsa matendawa:
1. msinkhu: Chiopsezo cha kansa ya m'mawere chimawonjezeka ndi msinkhu, ndipo milandu yambiri imachitika mwa akazi a zaka zopitirira 50.
2. Mbiri ya m'banja: Kukhala ndi wachibale wapamtima, monga mayi, mlongo, kapena mwana wamkazi, amene ali ndi khansa ya m'mawere kumawonjezera chiopsezo chanu.
3. Kusintha kwa majini: Kusintha kwa majini ena, monga BRCA1 ndi BRCA2, kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha kukhala ndi khansa ya m'mawere.
4. Mbiri ya kubala: Kuyamba msinkhu msanga, kutha msinkhu mochedwa, kusakhala ndi ana kapena kukhala ndi mwana woyamba pambuyo pa zaka 30 kungawonjezere chiopsezo.
5. Mankhwala a mahomoni: Kugwiritsira ntchito kwa nthaŵi yaitali mankhwala a mahomoni a estrogen ndi progesterone pambuyo pa kutha kwa msambo kungawonjezere chiopsezocho.
6. Kumwa mowa: Kumwa mowa kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha khansa ya m'mawere.
7. Kunenepa kwambiri: Kunenepa kwambiri kapena kunenepa kwambiri kumawonjezera chiopsezo, makamaka pambuyo pa kutha msinkhu.
9. Kuwonetsedwa ndi cheza: Kuonetsedwa ndi cheza chochuluka, makamaka m'nthawi ya ubwana, kungawonjezere chiopsezocho.
10. Kuchuluka kwa mabere: Akazi okhala ndi mabere ochuluka ali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu cha kukhala ndi khansa ya m'mawere.
11. Mbiri ya kusamba: Akazi amene anayamba kusamba msanga (asanafike zaka 12) kapena amene anasiya kusamba msanga (pambuyo pa zaka 55) ali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu pang'ono.
12. Kuyamwitsa: Akazi amene sanayamwitsepo ali ndi chiopsezo chochuluka cha kukhala ndi khansa ya m'mawere.
Nkofunika kudziŵa kuti kukhala ndi chinthu chimodzi kapena zingapo zoika munthu pangozi sikutanthauza kuti munthu adzakhala ndi kansa ya m'mawere, ndipo kusakhala ndi chinthu chilichonse choika munthu pangozi sikutanthauza kuti munthu sadzakhala ndi kansa ya m'mawere.
Wung SF, Hepworth JT, Sparenga D, Merkle CJ: Cardiovascular Disease Risk and Breast Cancer Outcomes: A Pilot Study. Oncol Nurs Forum. 2015, 42 (5): E330-8.
Frankl G: Risk factors in breast cancer: are they important, are they the same in pre- and post-menopausal breast cancer patients? Oncology. 1980, 37 (1): 41-5.
Ho PJ, Lau HSH, Ho WK, Wong FY, Yang Q, Tan KW, Tan MH, Chay WY, Chia KS, Hartman M, Li J: Incidence of breast cancer attributable to breast density, modifiable and non-modifiable breast cancer risk factors in Singapore. Sci Rep. 2020, 10 (1): 503.
Barnard ME, Boeke CE, Tamimi RM: Established breast cancer risk factors and risk of intrinsic tumor subtypes. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2015, 1856 (1): 73-85.
Hines LM, Risendal B, Slattery ML, Baumgartner KB, Giuliano AR, Sweeney C, Rollison DE, Byers T: Comparative analysis of breast cancer risk factors among Hispanic and non-Hispanic white women. Cancer. 2010, 116 (13): 3215-23.
Rosner B, Glynn RJ, Eliassen AH, Hankinson SE, Tamimi RM, Chen WY, Holmes MD, Mu Y, Peng C, Colditz GA, Willett WC, Tworoger SS: A Multi-State Survival Model for Time to Breast Cancer Mortality among a Cohort of Initially Disease-Free Women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2022, 31 (8): 1582-1592.
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Chonde titumizireni imelo ndi funso / lingaliro lililonse.
What are the risk factors for breast cancer?
There are several risk factors for breast cancer, some of which are modifiable and others that are not.
Here are some of the most common risk factors:
1. Age: The risk of developing breast cancer increases with age, with most cases occurring in women over the age of 50.
2. Family history: Having a close relative, such as a mother, sister, or daughter, with breast cancer increases your risk.
3. Genetic mutations: Certain inherited gene mutations, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2, increase the risk of developing breast cancer.
4. Reproductive history: Early menarche (start of menstruation), late menopause, and having no children or having the first child after age 30 can increase the risk.
5. Hormone replacement therapy: Long-term use of combined estrogen and progesterone hormone therapy after menopause can increase the risk.
6. Alcohol consumption: Drinking alcohol increases the risk of breast cancer.
7. Obesity: Being overweight or obese increases the risk, especially after menopause.
8. Physical activity: Lack of physical activity can increase the risk.
9. Radiation exposure: Exposure to high doses of radiation, particularly during childhood, can increase the risk.
10. Breast density: Women with dense breasts have a higher risk of developing breast cancer.
11. Menstrual history: Women who started menstruating early (before age 12) or went through menopause late (after age 55) have a slightly higher risk.
12. Breastfeeding: Women who have never breastfed have a slightly higher risk of developing breast cancer.
It is important to note that having one or more risk factors does not mean that a person will definitely develop breast cancer, and not having any risk factors does not guarantee that a person will not develop breast cancer.
However, understanding these risk factors can help individuals make informed decisions about their health and potentially reduce their risk.
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