Urtikaria, tambe konosí komo urtikaria, ta un kondishon di kueru karakterisá pa e aparensia di bruinanan kòrá, ku ta kousa pica i hinchamentu riba kueru.
E por ta causa pa varios factor, incluyendo reaccionnan alérgico, infeccion y cierto medicamento.
Diagnostiká urtikaria ta enserá un kombinashon di historia médiko, eksamen físiko i tin biaha tèstnan di laboratorio.
1. Historia médiko: E dòkter lo puntra tokante e historia médiko di e pashènt, inkluyendo kualke alergia konosí, malesa resiente i remedi ku e ta tumando.
Tambe nan lo puntra bo ki ora e sintomanan a cuminsa, cuanto tempo nan a dura y kico por a causa nan.
2. Eksamen físiko: E dòkter ta eksaminá e kueru pa wak si tin herida, nan grandura i nan distribushon.
Tambe nan por wak si tin otro señal di un reakshon alérgiko, manera hinchamentu di kara, lep òf lenga.
3. Tèst di laboratorio: Den sierto kaso, dòkter por manda hasi un tèst di sanger pa wak si tin alergia òf infekshon.
Tambe por hasi tèst di kueru, manera un tèst di pik òf tèst di patch, pa identifiká alergenonan spesífiko.
4. tèst di alergia: si dòkter sospechá ku tin un reakshon di alergia, e por manda e pashènt serka un alergólogo pa mas tèst.
Esaki por inkluí tèstnan di kueru, tèst di plachi òf tèst di sanger pa identifiká alergenonan spesífiko.
5. Diagnosis diferensial: E dòkter lo konsiderá tambe otro posibel kousa di e síntomanan, manera otro malesa di kueru òf otro malesa ku ta bou di tratamentu, i por ordená tèst adishonal pa por ekskluí esakinan.
6. tèst di provokashon: Den kaso di urtikaria físiko, kaminda e urtikaria ta ser kousá pa stimulonan físiko manera kalor, friu òf preshon, e dòkter por hasi un tèst di provokashon pa konfirmá e diagnóstiko.
Esaki ta enserá pone e kueru den kontakto ku e supstansia ku ta kousa e keintura pa wak si e ta reakshoná.
7. Testnan di sistema di inmunidat: Den kaso di urtikaria króniko, e dòkter por ordená pa hasi test pa wak si tin malesa di sistema di imunidat, pasobra tin biaha esaki por kousa e malesa.
8. Tèstnan di imágen: Den kasonan straño, por pidi pa hasi un tèst di imágen manera un rayos X òf un CT scan pa por ekskluí otro malesa ku por kousa síntoma similar.
Generalmente, diagnostika urtikaria ta enbolbí un kombinashon di historia médiko, eksamen físiko i tin biaha tèst di laboratorio.
E meta ta pa haña sa kiko ta e kousa i kua ta e mihó tratamentu pa e pashènt.
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Schoepke N, Doumoulakis G, Maurer M: Diagnosis of urticaria. Indian J Dermatol. 2013, 58 (3): 211-8.
Hochstadter EF, Ben-Shoshan M: Cold-induced urticaria: challenges in diagnosis and management. BMJ Case Rep. 2013, 2013 (): .
Ensina LF, Brandão LS, Neto HC, Ben-Shoshan M: Urticaria and angioedema in children and adolescents: diagnostic challenge. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2022, 50 (S Pt 1): 17-29.
Silvestre Salvador JF, Giménez-Arnau AM, Gómez de la Fuente E, González Del Castillo J, Martínez Virto AM, Miguens Blanco I, Serra-Baldrich E, Llorens P: Managing urticaria in the emergency department: recommendations of a multidisciplinary expert panel. Emergencias. 2021, 33 (4): 299-308.
Visitsuntorn N, Tuchinda M, Arunyanark N, Kerdsomnuk S: Ice cube test in children with cold urticaria. Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol. 1992, 10 (2): 111-5.
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How is urticaria diagnosed?
Urticaria, also known as hives, is a skin condition characterized by the appearance of red, itchy, and swollen welts on the skin.
It can be caused by a variety of factors, including allergic reactions, infections, and certain medications.
Diagnosing urticaria involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and sometimes laboratory tests.
1. Medical history: The doctor will ask about the patient's medical history, including any known allergies, recent illnesses, and medications taken.
They will also inquire about the onset of symptoms, their duration, and any potential triggers.
2. Physical examination: The doctor will examine the skin for the presence of welts, their size, and distribution.
They may also check for other signs of an allergic reaction, such as swelling of the face, lips, or tongue.
3. Laboratory tests: In some cases, the doctor may order blood tests to check for the presence of allergies or infections.
Skin tests, such as a skin prick test or patch test, may also be performed to identify specific allergens.
4. Allergy tests: If the doctor suspects an allergic reaction, they may refer the patient to an allergist for further testing.
This may include skin prick tests, patch tests, or blood tests to identify specific allergens.
5. Differential diagnosis: The doctor will also consider other possible causes of the symptoms, such as other skin conditions or underlying medical conditions, and may order additional tests to rule these out.
6. Provocation tests: In cases of physical urticaria, where the hives are triggered by physical stimuli such as heat, cold, or pressure, the doctor may perform a provocation test to confirm the diagnosis.
This involves exposing the skin to the suspected trigger to see if a reaction occurs.
7. Autoimmune tests: In cases of chronic urticaria, the doctor may order tests to check for autoimmune disorders, as these can sometimes cause the condition.
8. Imaging tests: In rare cases, imaging tests such as an X-ray or CT scan may be ordered to rule out other conditions that may cause similar symptoms.
Overall, diagnosing urticaria involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and sometimes laboratory tests.
The goal is to identify the underlying cause and determine the best course of treatment for the patient.
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