How is Lung cancer diagnosed?

A yeke hinga kobela ti cancer ti fufu tongana nyen?

A yeke gi nda ti kobela ti cancer ti fufu na lege ti ambeni ye nde nde so a yeke bâ ni na yâ ti gingo nda ti ye, so alingbi ti ndu aye tongana:

1. Kozo kobela ti mo nga na gingo nda ti tere ti mo: Wanganga ni ayeke hunda ande mo na ndo ti aye so afa so mo yeke na kobela ni, wala mo yeke nyon manga kozo awe, nga tongana mbeni zo ti sewa ti mo ayeke na kobela ti cancer ti fufu.

Ala yeke bâ nga tere ti mo ti bâ wala mo yeke na mbeni kobela ni.

2. A yeke bâ ambeni ye na yâ ti afufu ti zo: A yeke bâ ka bê ti zo na lege ti mbeni ordinateur (X-ray) nga na mbeni ordinateur (CT scan) ti bâ afufu ti zo ni nga na aye so angoro ni.

A-examen so alingbi ti mû maboko ti bâ ambeni ye so ayeke na lege ni pëpe, na tapande ambeni kota koro wala ambeni kete ye so alingbi ti fa so cancer ti fufu ayeke dä.

3. A yeke bâ yâ ti ngu ti yanga ti mo: A yeke bâ mbeni kete mbage ti ngu ti yanga ti mo (so ayeke mbeni ye so ayeke sigigi na yâ ti afufu ti mo) na lege ti mbeni masini so ayeke bâ ndo ayo ti bâ wala ambeni ye so ayeke na yâ ni ayeke cancer.

4. A yeke mû mbeni kete mbage ti bio ti fufu ti bâ wala a yeke na cancer.

A lingbi ti sala ni na lege ti mbeni ye so a hiri ni bronchoscopie, biopsie so a sala na yorö, wala biopsie so a sala na opération.

5. A yeke bâ yâ ti pupu ti zo na lege ti mbeni kete ye so ayeke tongana mbeni tube so lumière ayeke na yâ ni, na so mbeni masini ti bango na ye ayeke na yâ ni.

A lingbi nga ti sala kusala na kode so ti mû ambeni mênë ti tene a bâ ni.

6. A yeke sala kusala na mbeni kete suä ti yôro na yâ ti afun pendere ti tene a mû ambeni cellule ti bâ wala a lingbi ti sala mbeni ye dä.

7. A yeke sala kusala na mbeni yorö ti zi ngu na yâ place so ayeke na popo ti afufu na kate ti lo.

8. A-analyse ti mênë: Atä so gi a-analyse ti mênë alingbi pepe ti hinga kobela ti cancer ti fufu, ala lingbi ti mu maboko ti hinga seni ti zo ti kobela ni kue, na ti hinga aye kue so ayeke na lege ni pepe so alingbi ti fa na gigi cancer.

9. Gingo yâ ti abio, MRI, PET scan, nga na ambeni gingo nda ti ye nde: A lingbi ti sala kusala na agingo nda ti ye so ti bâ wala cancer ni amû ambeni mbage ti tele ti zo.

Tongana a wara kobela ti cancer ti fufu awe, a lingbi ti sala ambeni gingo nda ti ye ti hinga na stade ti kobela ni, na ye so ayeke mû maboko ti mû adesizion na ndo kode ti kaïngo kobela ni.

A lingbi ti hunda ti tene a bâ ambeni ye na yâ mongoli ti lo, na tapande scanner ti cerveau, scanner ti bio wala scanner ti tomographie par émission de positons (PET).

['Atënë so a bâ na ndo ni']

PubMed/Medline https://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/download/pubmed_medline.html

RefinedWeb https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.01116

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Nishiyama N, Nakatani S, Iwasa R, Taguchi S, Inoue K, Kinoshita H: [Differential diagnosis between peripheral lung cancer invading the chest wall and chest-wall tumors]. Kyobu Geka. 1997, 50 (10): 893-7.

Kang C, Wang D, Zhang X, Wang L, Wang F, Chen J: Construction and Validation of a Lung Cancer Diagnostic Model Based on 6-Gene Methylation Frequency in Blood, Clinical Features, and Serum Tumor Markers. Comput Math Methods Med. 2021, 2021 (): 9987067.

Heydari F, Rafsanjani MK: A Review on Lung Cancer Diagnosis Using Data Mining Algorithms. Curr Med Imaging. 2021, 17 (1): 16-26.

Li L, Feng T, Zhang W, Gao S, Wang R, Lv W, Zhu T, Yu H, Qian B: MicroRNA Biomarker hsa-miR-195-5p for Detecting the Risk of Lung Cancer. Int J Genomics. 2020, 2020 (): 7415909.

Li B, Yuan Q, Zou YT, Su T, Lin Q, Zhang YQ, Shi WQ, Liang RB, Ge QM, Li QY, Shao Y: CA-125, CA-153, and CYFRA21-1 as clinical indicators in male lung cancer with ocular metastasis. J Cancer. 2020, 11 (10): 2730-2736.

Magee ND, Villaumie JS, Marple ET, Ennis M, Elborn JS, McGarvey JJ: Ex vivo diagnosis of lung cancer using a Raman miniprobe. J Phys Chem B. 2009, 113 (23): 8137-41.

['Tënë ti ziango kamene na lê: tënë ti seni']

['A zia site so gi ti fa na ye na azo na ti mû wango na ala.']

['A lingbi a sala kusala pëpe na asango so a mû ti hinga wala ti kaï na mbeni kpale ti seni wala kobela, na a lingbi ala so aye ti wara wango ti kaïngo kobela teti ala mveni ahunda mbeni wanganga so ayeke na mbeti ti hinga ye na ndo ni.']

['Bâ so tongana a hunda na zo ti fa wungo ti azo so ayeke na mbeni kobela, a yeke ngangu ti tene lo fa tâ wungo ti azo ni.']

['Gi lakue wango ti wanganga ti mo wala mbeni wanganga so ahinga kua ti lo nzoni na ndo ti kobela ti mo. Zia lâ oko pëpe ti ke wango ti wanganga wala ti ku ti wara ni ndali ti mbeni ye so mo diko na ndo ti site so. Tongana mo bâ so mo yeke na yâ ti mbeni kpale ti seni, iri 911 wala gue hio na hôpital so ayeke nduru na mo.']

['Kengo tene: droit ti lo ti sala tene']

['Ndia ti Amerika na ndo droit ti sigingo na ambeti (Digital Millennium Copyright Act) ti ngu 1998, 17 U.S.C. § 512 (so a hiri ni DMCA) amû lege na azo so ayeke na droit ti sigingo na ambeti ti bâ wala ambeti so asigigi na ndo ti Internet ni adoro droit ti ala so ndia ti Amerika amû na ndo droit ti sigingo na ambeti amû lege na ala ti sala ni. ']

['Tongana mo pensé so mbeni ye so ayeke na ndo ti site ti e wala na yâ ti ambeni ye so e yeke sara andu droit ti mo ti batango ambeti ti e, mo (wala zo so mo sara kua na iri ti lo) alingbi ti tokua na e mbeni mbeti ti hunda ti tene a zi ni wala a kanga lege na mo ti wara ni.']

['A lingbi a tokua ambeti ni na lege ti mbeni lettre so a sû na ndo ti ordinateur wala na lege ti mbeni téléphone (bâ mbage "A-adresse ti téléphone").']

['Ndia ti DMCA ahunda ti tene na yâ ti mbeti ti mo so a tene mbeni zo asara mbeni ye so ake ndia ti droit ti batango ambeti, mo zia atënë so ge: (1) fango peko ti kua so ndia ti batango ambeti ni ake ni; (2) fango peko ti aye so a tene a sara ye ti ke ndia ti batango ambeti ni nga na atënë so alingbi ti mû lege na e ti wara aye ni so; (3) asango ti mo ti wara mo, so andu adresse ti mo, numéro ti téléphone ti mo nga na adresse ti e-mail ti mo; (4) mbeni tënë so mo tene na bê ti mo kue so tënë ti aye ni so mo dema tere dä so ayeke pëpe tënë ti zo so ayeke na droit ti batango ambeti ni, wala zo so ayeke sara kua na iri ti lo, wala ndia ti kodoro ti mo.']

['(5) Mo sû maboko ti mo na gbe ti ngbanga ti mvene na mo tene so atënë so ayeke na yâ ti mbeti ni ayeke tâ tënë nga so mo yeke na ngangu ti sara si a bata droit ti mo ti sigingo na ambeti so a tene a doro ni.']

['Nga (6) mbeni maboko ti zo so ayeke na droit ti sigingo na ambeti ni wala mbeni maboko ti mbeni zo so ayeke sara kua na iri ti zo ni.']

['Tongana mo sû atënë so kue pëpe, a lingbi ti sara si a mû ngoi mingi pëpe ti bâ lege ti tënë ti mo ni.']

['Tënë ti kiri ti bâ zo']

['Tongana mo yeke na mbeni hundango tënë wala mbeni tënë ti tene, tokua ni na e na lege ti mbeni lettre.']

How is lung cancer diagnosed?

Lung cancer is diagnosed through a combination of tests and procedures, which may include:

1. Medical history and physical examination: The doctor will ask about your symptoms, smoking history, and family history of lung cancer.

They will also perform a physical examination to check for any signs of the disease.

2. Imaging tests: Chest X-rays and computed tomography (CT) scans are commonly used to create detailed images of the lungs and surrounding structures.

These tests can help detect abnormalities, such as tumors or nodules, that may indicate the presence of lung cancer.

3. Sputum cytology: A sample of your sputum (mucus coughed up from the lungs) is examined under a microscope to look for cancer cells.

4. Biopsy: A sample of lung tissue is removed and examined under a microscope to determine if cancer cells are present.

This can be done through a bronchoscopy, needle biopsy, or surgical biopsy.

5. Bronchoscopy: A thin, lighted tube with a camera is inserted through the nose or mouth and down the throat to examine the airways and lungs.

This procedure can also be used to collect tissue samples for biopsy.

6. Fine-needle aspiration (FNA): A thin needle is inserted into the lung nodule or mass to collect a sample of cells for examination.

7. Thoracentesis: Fluid is removed from the space between the lungs and chest wall using a needle, and the fluid is then examined for cancer cells.

8. Blood tests: While blood tests alone cannot diagnose lung cancer, they can help determine the overall health of the patient and identify any abnormalities that may indicate the presence of cancer.

9. Bone scan, mri, pet scan, and other tests: These tests may be used to determine if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.

Once lung cancer is diagnosed, additional tests may be performed to determine the stage of the cancer, which helps guide treatment decisions.

These tests may include more imaging tests, such as a CT scan of the brain, bone scan, or positron emission tomography (PET) scan.

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