Ci sunnu diversi opzioni di trattamentu pû tumuri dâ prostata, a secunnu dû stadiu e dâ malignitati dû tumuri, comu puru dâ saluti ginirali e dî prifirenzi pirsunali dû malatu.
Certi trattamenti cumuni cumprènninu:
1. Survigghianza attiva: Chistu approcciu cumporta na survigghianza stritta dû tumuri cu cuntrolli e esami rigulari, mmeci di accuminciari subitu lu trattamentu.
Pò èssiri adattu pi l'òmini cu nu cancru dâ prostata a risicu vasciu.
2. Chirurgia: A prostatectomia è na prucidura chirurgica pi livari la ghiànnula prutàtica.
Si pò fari cu chirurgia aperta o cu laparoscopia (usannu picculi incisioni e strumenti specializzati).
3. Radioterapia: Chista cura usa radiazzioni di granni enirgìa pi ammazzari li celluli cancerusi.
Pò èssiri misu di fora (di na màchina fora dû corpu) o di dintra (pi menzu di impianti misi vicinu ô tumuri).
4. Terapia urmonali: Chista cura arriduci li livelli di urmoni maschili (androgeni) ntô corpu, ca ponnu rallintari o fermari la crisciuta dû tumuri dâ prostata.
Pò èssiri usatu sulu o nzemmula a àutri trattamenti.
5. Chimioterapia: Stu trattamentu usa midicini pi ammazzari li celluli cancerusi.
Pò èssiri usatu pi nu tumuri dâ prostata avanzatu ca si diffunnìu a àutri parti dû corpu.
6. Immunoterapia: Stu trattamentu aiuta lu sistema immunitariu a cummattiri lu tumuri.
Pò èssiri usatu pi lu tumuri dâ prostata avanzatu ca nun rispunni a àutri trattamenti.
7. Terapia mirata: Chista cura mira a geni o prutiini spicìfichi ca aiutanu li celluli cancerusi a crisciri e supravviviri.
Pò èssiri usatu pi lu tumuri dâ prostata avanzatu ca nun rispunni a àutri trattamenti.
8. Crioterapia: Stu trattamentu usa lu friddu estremu pi ghiacciari e ammazzari li celluli cancerusi.
Pò èssiri usatu pi lu tumuri dâ prostata 'n fasi nizziali o pi lu tumuri ca è ricurrutu doppu àutri trattamenti.
9. Ultrasuoni cuncintrati di àuta intensità (HIFU): Stu trattamentu usa onde sonori di àuta friquenza pi scaldari e distruggiri li celluli cancerusi.
Pò èssiri usatu pi lu tumuri dâ prostata 'n fasi nizziali o pi lu tumuri ca è ricurrutu doppu àutri trattamenti.
10. Aspettazzioni attenta: Chistu approcciu cumporta lu monitoraggiu strittu dû tumuri cu cuntrolli e provi rigulari, ma nun accuminzari lu trattamentu a menu ca nun cumpariscinu o nun cancianu li sintomi.
Pò èssiri adattu pi l'òmini anziani cu cancru dâ prostata ca crisci a picca a picca e àutri malatii gravi.
È mpurtanti parrari di tutti li opzioni di trattamentu cu nu gruppu di cura pi ditirminari lu megghiu modu di trattari ogni casu.
Wang Y, Chen J, Wu Z, Ding W, Gao S, Gao Y, Xu C: Mechanisms of enzalutamide resistance in castration-resistant prostate cancer and therapeutic strategies to overcome it. Br J Pharmacol. 2021, 178 (2): 239-261.
Talkar SS, Patravale VB: Gene Therapy for Prostate Cancer: A Review. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets. 2021, 21 (3): 385-396.
Šamija I, Fröbe A: CHALLENGES IN MANIPULATING IMMUNE SYSTEM TO TREAT PROSTATE CANCER. Acta Clin Croat. 2019, 58 (Suppl 2): 76-81.
Akaza H, Hinotsu S, Usami M, Ogawa O, Kagawa S, Kitamura T, Tsukamoto T, Naito S, Hirao Y, Murai M, Yamanaka H, Namiki M: The case for androgen deprivation as primary therapy for early stage disease: results from J-CaP and CaPSURE. J Urol. 2006, 176 (6 Pt 2): S47-9.
Abraham-Miranda J, Awasthi S, Yamoah K: Immunologic disparities in prostate cancer between American men of African and European descent. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2021, 164 (): 103426.
de Vrij J, Willemsen RA, Lindholm L, Hoeben RC, Bangma CH, Barber C, Behr JP, Briggs S, Carlisle R, Cheng WS, Dautzenberg IJ, de Ridder C, Dzojic H, Erbacher P, Essand M, Fisher K, Frazier A, Georgopoulos LJ, Jennings I, Kochanek S, Koppers-Lalic D, Kraaij R, Kreppel F, Magnusson M, Maitland N, Neuberg P, Nugent R, Ogris M, Remy JS, Scaife M, Schenk-Braat E, Schooten E, Seymour L, Slade M, Szyjanowicz P, Totterman T, Uil TG, Ulbrich K, van der Weel L, van Weerden W, Wagner E, Zuber G: Adenovirus-derived vectors for prostate cancer gene therapy. Hum Gene Ther. 2010, 21 (7): 795-805.
Lee E, Ha S, Logan SK: Divergent Androgen Receptor and Beta-Catenin Signaling in Prostate Cancer Cells. PLoS One. 2015, 10 (10): e0141589.
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How to treat prostate cancer?
There are several treatment options available for prostate cancer, depending on the stage and aggressiveness of the cancer, as well as the patient's overall health and personal preferences.
Some common treatments include:
1. Active surveillance: This approach involves closely monitoring the cancer with regular checkups and tests, rather than immediately starting treatment.
It may be suitable for men with low-risk prostate cancer.
2. Surgery: A prostatectomy is a surgical procedure to remove the prostate gland.
It can be done through open surgery or laparoscopically (using small incisions and specialized tools).
3. Radiation therapy: This treatment uses high-energy radiation to kill cancer cells.
It can be delivered externally (from a machine outside the body) or internally (through implants placed near the tumor).
4. Hormone therapy: This treatment reduces the levels of male hormones (androgens) in the body, which can slow or stop the growth of prostate cancer.
It can be used alone or in combination with other treatments.
5. Chemotherapy: This treatment uses drugs to kill cancer cells.
It may be used for advanced prostate cancer that has spread to other parts of the body.
6. Immunotherapy: This treatment helps the immune system fight cancer.
It may be used for advanced prostate cancer that has not responded to other treatments.
7. Targeted therapy: This treatment targets specific genes or proteins that help cancer cells grow and survive.
It may be used for advanced prostate cancer that has not responded to other treatments.
8. Cryotherapy: This treatment uses extreme cold to freeze and kill cancer cells.
It may be used for early-stage prostate cancer or for cancer that has come back after other treatments.
9. High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU): This treatment uses high-frequency sound waves to heat and destroy cancer cells.
It may be used for early-stage prostate cancer or for cancer that has come back after other treatments.
10. Watchful waiting: This approach involves closely monitoring the cancer with regular checkups and tests, but not starting treatment unless symptoms appear or change.
It may be suitable for older men with slow-growing prostate cancer and other serious health conditions.
It is important to discuss all treatment options with a healthcare team to determine the best course of action for each individual case.
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