Rak dojke se diagnosticira s kombinacijo testov in postopkov, ki lahko vključujejo:
1. Klinični pregled dojke: Zdravstveni delavec bo pregledal dojke za kakršne koli grudice, spremembe velikosti ali oblike ali druge nepravilnosti.
2. Mammografija: rentgenski posnetek dojke, ki lahko odkrije nepravilnosti, še preden jih je mogoče začutiti.
3. Ultrazvok: Test, ki uporablja zvočne valove za ustvarjanje slike prsnega tkiva, ki lahko pomaga ugotoviti, ali je nodula trdna ali napolnjena s tekočino.
4. MRI: Magnetno resonančno slikanje (MRI) uporablja magnetno polje in radijske valove za ustvarjanje podrobnih slik prsnega tkiva.
5. Biopsija: Vzeli so majhen vzorec tkiva dojke in ga pregledali pod mikroskopom, da bi ugotovili, ali so prisotne rakave celice.
6. Krvni testi: Za določitev stopnje raka ali za spremljanje zdravljenja se lahko opravijo določeni krvni testi, kot so popolna krvna slika ali tumorski markerji.
7. Genetsko testiranje: Če je v družini zgodovina raka dojke, se lahko izvede genetsko testiranje, da se ugotovi, ali obstaja podedovana genska mutacija, ki poveča tveganje za razvoj raka dojke.
8. Skeniranje kosti, CT skeniranje ali PET skeniranje: Ti slikovni testi se lahko opravijo, da se ugotovi, ali se je rak razširil na druge dele telesa.
Ko je diagnoza raka dojke postavljena, se lahko opravijo nadaljnji testi, da se določi stopnja in stopnja raka, kar pomaga pri odločanju o zdravljenju.
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Opozorilo: medicinsko
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How is breast cancer diagnosed?
Breast cancer is diagnosed through a combination of tests and procedures, which may include:
1. Clinical breast exam: A healthcare professional will examine the breasts for any lumps, changes in size or shape, or other abnormalities.
2. Mammogram: An x-ray of the breast that can detect abnormalities even before they can be felt.
3. Ultrasound: A test that uses sound waves to create an image of the breast tissue, which can help determine if a lump is solid or filled with fluid.
4. MRI: A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan uses a magnetic field and radio waves to create detailed images of the breast tissue.
5. Biopsy: A small sample of breast tissue is removed and examined under a microscope to determine if cancer cells are present.
6. Blood tests: Certain blood tests, such as a complete blood count or tumor markers, may be done to help determine the stage of the cancer or to monitor treatment.
7. Genetic testing: If there is a family history of breast cancer, genetic testing may be done to determine if there is an inherited gene mutation that increases the risk of developing breast cancer.
8. Bone scan, CT scan, or PET scan: These imaging tests may be done to determine if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.
Once a diagnosis of breast cancer is made, further tests may be done to determine the stage and grade of the cancer, which helps guide treatment decisions.
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