Ni enega samega vzroka za raka dojke, vendar lahko več dejavnikov poveča tveganje za nastanek bolezni.
Nekateri od teh dejavnikov vključujejo:
1. Starost: Tveganje za raka dojke se poveča, ko ženska postane starejša.
2. Družinska zgodovina: Ženska ima večje tveganje za raka na dojki, če ima bližnjega sorodnika (mamo, sestro ali hčerko), ki je imel raka na dojki.
3. Genetske mutacije: Nekatere podedovane genske mutacije, kot sta BRCA1 in BRCA2, povečujejo tveganje za raka dojke.
4. Reproduktivna zgodovina: Zgodnja menstruacija, pozna menopavza in to, da nimaš otrok ali imaš prvega otroka po 30. letu, lahko poveča tveganje za raka dojke.
5. Hormonsko nadomestno zdravljenje: Ženske, ki jemljejo hormonsko nadomestno zdravljenje zaradi menopavze, imajo večje tveganje za raka dojke.
6. Poraba alkohola: Pitje alkohola poveča tveganje za raka dojke.
7. Debelost: Prekomerna telesna teža ali debelost povečuje tveganje za raka dojke.
8. Fizična neaktivnost: Sedentarni življenjski slog lahko poveča tveganje za raka dojke.
9. Izpostavljenost sevanju: Izpostavljenost visokim odmerkom sevanja, zlasti v otroštvu, lahko poveča tveganje za raka dojke.
10. Gostota dojke: Ženske z gosto dojko imajo večje tveganje za raka dojke.
11. Menstrualna zgodovina: Ženske, ki so začele menstruirati zgodaj ali so pozno prešle v menopavzo, imajo nekoliko večje tveganje za raka dojke.
12. Dojenje: Ženske, ki nikoli niso dojile, imajo nekoliko večje tveganje za raka dojke.
13. Preprečevanje rojstva: Ženske, ki uporabljajo peroralne kontracepcijske pripomočke, imajo nekoliko večje tveganje za raka dojke.
Pomembno je omeniti, da prisotnost enega ali več teh dejavnikov tveganja ne pomeni, da bo ženska zagotovo razvila rak dojke, mnoge ženske, ki razvijejo rak dojke, pa nimajo znanih dejavnikov tveganja.
Poleg tega nekaterih dejavnikov tveganja, kot so starost in družinska zgodovina, ni mogoče spremeniti, medtem ko je mogoče druge, kot so dejavniki življenjskega sloga, spremeniti, da bi zmanjšali tveganje.
Yoneda T: Cellular and molecular basis of preferential metastasis of breast cancer to bone. J Orthop Sci. 2000, 5 (1): 75-81.
Demirci S, Eser E, Ozsaran Z, Tankisi D, Aras AB, Ozaydemir G, Anacak Y: Validation of the Turkish versions of EORTC QLQ-C30 and BR23 modules in breast cancer patients. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2011, 12 (5): 1283-7.
Kluttig A, Schmidt-Pokrzywniak A: Established and Suspected Risk Factors in Breast Cancer Aetiology. Breast Care (Basel). , 4 (2): 82-87.
Tabar L, Duffy SW, Yen MF, Warwick J, Vitak B, Chen HH, Smith RA: All-cause mortality among breast cancer patients in a screening trial: support for breast cancer mortality as an end point. J Med Screen. 2002, 9 (4): 159-62.
Gonzalez P, Lim JW, Wang-Letzkus M, Flores KF, Allen KM, Castañeda SF, Talavera GA: Breast Cancer Cause Beliefs: Chinese, Korean, and Mexican American Breast Cancer Survivors. West J Nurs Res. 2015, 37 (8): 1081-99.
Opozorilo: medicinsko
Ta spletna stran je namenjena samo izobraževalnim in informacijskim namenom in ne pomeni zagotavljanja zdravniških nasvetov ali strokovnih storitev.
Posredovani podatki se ne smejo uporabljati za diagnozo ali zdravljenje zdravstvenega problema ali bolezni, tisti, ki iščejo osebni zdravniški nasvet, pa se morajo posvetovati z licenciranim zdravnikom.
Upoštevajte, da je nevronska mreža, ki ustvarja odgovore na vprašanja, še posebej netočna, ko gre za številčno vsebino, na primer število ljudi, diagnosticiranih z določeno boleznijo.
Vedno poiščite nasvet svojega zdravnika ali drugega usposobljenega zdravstvenega delavca glede zdravstvenega stanja. Nikoli ne prezrite strokovnega zdravniškega nasveta ali odložite iskanja zaradi nečesa, kar ste prebrali na tej spletni strani. Če menite, da imate zdravniški nujen primer, pokličite 911 ali takoj pojdite v najbližjo urgenco. Ta spletna stran ali njena uporaba ne ustvarja nobenega odnosa med zdravnikom in bolnikom. Niti BioMedLib niti njeni zaposleni, niti kateri koli sodelavec na tej spletni strani ne daje nobenih izjav, izrecnih ali implicitnih, v zvezi z informacijami, ki so na voljo na tej spletni strani ali z njeno uporabo.
Opozorilo: avtorske pravice
Zakon o avtorskih pravicah za digitalno tisočletje iz leta 1998, 17 U.S.C. § 512 (DMCA) zagotavlja sredstva za lastnike avtorskih pravic, ki menijo, da material, ki se pojavlja na internetu, krši njihove pravice v skladu z ameriškim zakonom o avtorskih pravicah.
Če v dobri veri menite, da katera koli vsebina ali material, ki je na voljo v povezavi z našo spletno stranjo ali storitvami, krši vaše avtorske pravice, nam lahko (ali vašemu zastopniku) pošljete obvestilo, v katerem zahtevate odstranitev vsebine ali materiala ali blokiranje dostopa do njega.
Obvestila je treba poslati v pisni obliki po e-pošti (za e-poštni naslov glejte razdelek "Kontakt").
DMCA zahteva, da vaše obvestilo o domnevni kršitvi avtorskih pravic vključuje naslednje informacije: (1) opis avtorsko varovanega dela, ki je predmet domnevne kršitve; (2) opis domnevne vsebine, ki krši avtorske pravice, in informacije, ki so zadostne, da nam omogočijo iskanje vsebine; (3) kontaktne informacije za vas, vključno z vašim naslovom, telefonsko številko in e-poštnim naslovom; (4) izjavo, da imate v dobri veri prepričanje, da vsebina na način, o katerem se pritožujete, ni odobrena s strani imetnika avtorskih pravic ali njegovega zastopnika ali z delovanjem katerega koli zakona;
(5) vašo izjavo, podpisano pod kaznijo krivokletstva, da so informacije v uradnem obvestilu točne in da imate pooblastilo za uveljavljanje avtorskih pravic, ki naj bi bile kršene;
in (6) fizični ali elektronski podpis imetnika avtorskih pravic ali osebe, pooblaščene, da deluje v imenu imetnika avtorskih pravic.
Če ne vključite vseh zgornjih informacij, se lahko obravnava vaše pritožbe odloži.
Kontaktni podatki
Prosimo, pošljite nam e-pošto s kakršnim koli vprašanjem / predlogom.
What causes breast cancer?
There is no single cause of breast cancer, but several factors can increase the risk of developing the disease.
Some of these factors include:
1. Age: The risk of breast cancer increases as a woman gets older.
2. Family history: A woman's risk of breast cancer is higher if she has a close relative (mother, sister, or daughter) who has had breast cancer.
3. Genetic mutations: Certain inherited gene mutations, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2, increase the risk of breast cancer.
4. Reproductive history: Early menstruation, late menopause, and having no children or having the first child after age 30 can increase the risk of breast cancer.
5. Hormone replacement therapy: Women who take hormone replacement therapy for menopause have a higher risk of breast cancer.
6. Alcohol consumption: Drinking alcohol increases the risk of breast cancer.
7. Obesity: Being overweight or obese increases the risk of breast cancer.
8. Physical inactivity: A sedentary lifestyle can increase the risk of breast cancer.
9. Radiation exposure: Exposure to high doses of radiation, particularly during childhood, can increase the risk of breast cancer.
10. Breast density: Women with dense breasts have a higher risk of breast cancer.
11. Menstrual history: Women who started menstruating early or went through menopause late have a slightly higher risk of breast cancer.
12. Breastfeeding: Women who have never breastfed have a slightly higher risk of breast cancer.
13. Birth control: Women who use oral contraceptives have a slightly higher risk of breast cancer.
It is important to note that having one or more of these risk factors does not mean that a woman will definitely develop breast cancer, and many women who develop breast cancer have no known risk factors.
Additionally, some risk factors, such as age and family history, cannot be changed, while others, such as lifestyle factors, can be modified to reduce the risk.
Disclaimer: medical
This web site is provided for educational and informational purposes only and does not constitute providing medical advice or professional services.
The information provided should not be used for diagnosing or treating a health problem or disease, and those seeking personal medical advice should consult with a licensed physician.
Please note the neural net that generates answers to the questions, is specially inaccurate when it comes to numeric content. For example, the number of people diagnosed with a specific disease.
Always seek the advice of your doctor or other qualified health provider regarding a medical condition. Never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read on this website. If you think you may have a medical emergency, call 911 or go to the nearest emergency room immediately. No physician-patient relationship is created by this web site or its use. Neither BioMedLib nor its employees, nor any contributor to this web site, makes any representations, express or implied, with respect to the information provided herein or to its use.
Disclaimer: copyright
The Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998, 17 U.S.C. § 512 (the “DMCA”) provides recourse for copyright owners who believe that material appearing on the Internet infringes their rights under U.S. copyright law. If you believe in good faith that any content or material made available in connection with our website or services infringes your copyright, you (or your agent) may send us a notice requesting that the content or material be removed, or access to it blocked. Notices must be sent in writing by email (see 'Contact' section for email address) . The DMCA requires that your notice of alleged copyright infringement include the following information: (1) description of the copyrighted work that is the subject of claimed infringement; (2) description of the alleged infringing content and information sufficient to permit us to locate the content; (3) contact information for you, including your address, telephone number and email address; (4) a statement by you that you have a good faith belief that the content in the manner complained of is not authorized by the copyright owner, or its agent, or by the operation of any law; (5) a statement by you, signed under penalty of perjury, that the information in the notification is accurate and that you have the authority to enforce the copyrights that are claimed to be infringed; and (6) a physical or electronic signature of the copyright owner or a person authorized to act on the copyright owner’s behalf. Failure to include all of the above information may result in the delay of the processing of your complaint.
Približno
BioMedLib uporablja avtomatizirane računalnike (algoritme strojnega učenja) za ustvarjanje parov vprašanj in odgovorov.
Začeli smo s 35 milijoni biomedicinskih publikacij PubMed/Medline in spletnih strani RefinedWeb.
