Rak debelega črevesa se diagnosticira s kombinacijo testov in postopkov, ki lahko vključujejo:
1. Telesni pregled: Zdravnik opravi telesni pregled, da preveri, ali obstajajo kakršne koli nepravilnosti ali znaki bolezni.
2. Krvni testi: Krvni testi lahko pomagajo ugotoviti, ali obstajajo kakršne koli nepravilnosti v krvi, ki bi lahko nakazovale na prisotnost raka.
3. Test iztrebkov: Test iztrebkov lahko odkrije prisotnost krvi v iztrebkih, kar je lahko znak raka debelega črevesa.
4. Kolonoskopija: To je postopek, pri katerem se za pregled debelega črevesa v rektum vstavi tanka, prožna cev s svetlobo in kamero na koncu.
Med kolonoskopijo lahko zdravnik vzame tudi vzorce tkiva (biopsije), ki jih pregleda za rakave celice.
5. Sigmoidoskopija: Podobno kot kolonoskopija, tudi sigmoidoskopija pregleda spodnji del debelega črevesa.
6. Virtualna kolonoskopija: To je CT skeniranje debelega črevesa, ki ustvarja tridimenzionalno sliko debelega črevesa in rektuma.
7. Test skrite krvi v blatu: Ta test preverja prisotnost krvi v blatu, kar lahko kaže na prisotnost raka.
8. Dvojni kontrastni bariumski klistir: To je rentgenski pregled debelega črevesa in rektuma, pri katerem se uporablja kontrastni material za poudarjanje morebitnih nepravilnosti.
9. Biopsija: Biopsija je odstranitev majhne količine tkiva iz debelega črevesa za pregled pod mikroskopom, da se ugotovi, ali so prisotne rakave celice.
10. Testiranje slikanja: CT skeniranje, MRI skeniranje in rentgenski pregled prsnega koša se lahko uporabijo za ugotovitev, ali se je rak razširil na druge dele telesa.
Ko je diagnoza raka debelega črevesa postavljena, bo zdravnik določil stopnjo raka, kar bo pomagalo določiti najboljši potek zdravljenja.
Stadiranje temelji na velikosti in lokaciji tumorja ter na tem, ali se je razširil na druge dele telesa.
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How is colon cancer diagnosed?
Colon cancer is diagnosed through a combination of tests and procedures, which may include:
1. Physical examination: A doctor will perform a physical examination to check for any abnormalities or signs of illness.
2. Blood tests: Blood tests can help determine if there are any abnormalities in the blood that may indicate the presence of cancer.
3. Stool tests: A stool test can detect the presence of blood in the stool, which may be a sign of colon cancer.
4. Colonoscopy: This is a procedure in which a thin, flexible tube with a light and camera on the end is inserted into the rectum to examine the colon.
During a colonoscopy, the doctor can also take tissue samples (biopsies) to be examined for cancer cells.
5. Sigmoidoscopy: Similar to a colonoscopy, a sigmoidoscopy examines the lower part of the colon.
6. Virtual colonoscopy: This is a CT scan of the colon that creates a 3D image of the colon and rectum.
7. Fecal occult blood test: This test checks for the presence of blood in the stool, which may indicate the presence of cancer.
8. Double-contrast barium enema: This is an x-ray examination of the colon and rectum, in which a contrast material is used to highlight any abnormalities.
9. Biopsy: A biopsy is the removal of a small amount of tissue from the colon for examination under a microscope to determine if cancer cells are present.
10. Imaging tests: CT scans, MRI scans, and chest x-rays may be used to determine if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.
Once a diagnosis of colon cancer is made, the doctor will determine the stage of the cancer, which helps determine the best course of treatment.
Staging is based on the size and location of the tumor, as well as whether it has spread to other parts of the body.
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