O le urticaria, e taʻua foʻi o le maʻi fulafula, o se maʻi e tupu i le paʻu e iloga i le mūmū, mageso, ma fulafula o le paʻu.
E mafai ona māfua mai i le tele o vala, e aofia ai le aafia i le tino, maʻi pipisi, ma nisi o fualaau.
O le suʻesuʻeina o le urticaria e aofia ai le iloiloina o le talaaga o le maʻi, o le suʻesuʻeina o le tino, ma o nisi taimi o suʻesuʻega i le fale suesue.
1. Talaaga o le maʻi: E fesili le fomaʻi i le maʻi e faatatau i lona talaaga, e aofia ai ma ni mea e lē fiafia ai, maʻi na ia maua talu ai nei, ma fualaau na ia inuina.
E latou te fesili atu foʻi po o le ā le taimi na aliaʻe mai ai āuga o le maʻi, o le ā le umi na aliaʻe mai ai, ma po o ā foʻi ni māfuaaga na aliaʻe mai ai.
2. Suʻesuʻega o le tino: E suʻesuʻe e le fomaʻi le paʻu po o iai ni ila, po o le ā le telē ma le mea e maua ai.
E latou te ono siaki foʻi po o iai ni faailoga o le aafia i le tino, e pei o le fulafula o foliga, laugutu, po o le laulaufaiva.
3. Suʻesuʻega i le falesuesue: I nisi tulaga, e ono faatonuina e le fomaʻi ni suʻesuʻega o le toto e siaki ai po o iai ni mea e lē lelei ai le tino po o ni faamaʻi.
E mafai foʻi ona faia ni suʻesuʻega i le paʻu, e pei o le tuiina o le paʻu po o le suʻesuʻeina o le paʻu, ina ia iloa ai ni mea e māfua ai le aafia i le tino.
4. Suʻesuʻega o le tino e aafia ai mea e ono aafia ai le tino: Pe afai e masalomia e le fomaʻi ua aafia le tino i se mea e ono aafia ai le tino, e na te ono auina atu le tagata maʻi i se fomaʻi e faapitoa i mea e aafia ai le tino e faia nisi suʻesuʻega.
E aofia ai suʻesuʻega e faia i le paʻu, suʻesuʻega e faia i se vaega o le tino, po o suʻesuʻega o le toto ina ia iloa ai ni mea e māfua ai le aafia i le tino.
5. O le suʻesuʻeina o le maʻi: E iloiloina foʻi e le fomaʻi isi māfuaaga e ono māfua ai le tigā, e pei o isi maʻi o le paʻu po o isi maʻi, ma e ono faatonuina ai nisi suʻesuʻega ina ia iloa ai po o lē moni nei mea.
6. Suʻesuʻega e iloa ai le tulaga o le urticaria: I tulaga o le urticaria faaletino, lea e māfua ai le tupu o le maʻi i ni mea e pei o le vevela, mālūlū, po o le omiga, e ono faia e le fomaʻi se suʻesuʻega e iloa ai le tulaga o le maʻi ina ia faamautinoa ai le maʻi.
O le auala lea e faaaogā e iloa ai po o aafia le tino i le vailaau.
7. Suʻesuʻega o le tino e puipuia ai le tino mai faamaʻi: I le tulaga o le urticaria faaumiumi, e ono faatonuina e le fomaʻi ni suʻesuʻega e siaki ai le iai o ni faamaʻi e puipuia ai le tino mai faamaʻi, ona o nisi taimi e māfua ai le tulaga.
8. Suʻesuʻega e faaaogā ai ata: I nisi taimi, e lē masani ona faia ai ni suʻesuʻega e faaaogā ai ata e pei o le X-ray po o le CT scan, ina ia iloa ai po o iai nisi tulaga e ono māfua ai foʻi ni āuga faapena.
I se tulaga lautele, o le suʻesuʻeina o le urticaria e aofia ai le tuufaatasiga o le talaaga o le maʻi, suʻesuʻega faaletino, ma nisi taimi o suʻesuʻega i le fale suesue.
O le sini, ia iloa le pogai autū ma fuafua le togafitiga e sili ona lelei mo le tagata maʻi.
Torabi B, Ben-Shoshan M: The association of cholinergic and cold-induced urticaria: diagnosis and management. BMJ Case Rep. 2015, 2015 (): .
Schoepke N, Doumoulakis G, Maurer M: Diagnosis of urticaria. Indian J Dermatol. 2013, 58 (3): 211-8.
Hochstadter EF, Ben-Shoshan M: Cold-induced urticaria: challenges in diagnosis and management. BMJ Case Rep. 2013, 2013 (): .
Ensina LF, Brandão LS, Neto HC, Ben-Shoshan M: Urticaria and angioedema in children and adolescents: diagnostic challenge. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2022, 50 (S Pt 1): 17-29.
Silvestre Salvador JF, Giménez-Arnau AM, Gómez de la Fuente E, González Del Castillo J, Martínez Virto AM, Miguens Blanco I, Serra-Baldrich E, Llorens P: Managing urticaria in the emergency department: recommendations of a multidisciplinary expert panel. Emergencias. 2021, 33 (4): 299-308.
Visitsuntorn N, Tuchinda M, Arunyanark N, Kerdsomnuk S: Ice cube test in children with cold urticaria. Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol. 1992, 10 (2): 111-5.
['Faamatalaga: faafomaʻi']
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['E lē tatau ona faaaogā faamatalaga o loo maua mai ai e iloa ai po o le ā le maʻi o loo aafia ai, ma e tatau i ē o loo saʻili mo ni fautuaga faafomaʻi, ona talanoa atu i se fomaʻi ua agavaa.']
['Faamolemole ia mātau, o le neural net lea e maua ai tali i fesili, e lē saʻo pe a oo i fuainumera.']
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['O le DMCA e manaʻomia ai lau faʻasilasilaga o le faʻaleagaina o le puletaofia e aofia ai faʻamatalaga nei: (1) faʻamatalaga o le galuega faʻatagaina o loʻo faʻatatau i le faʻaleagaina o le puletaofia; (2) faʻamatalaga o le mea e ono solia ai ma faʻamatalaga lava e faʻatagaina ai matou ona maua le anotusi; (3) faʻamatalaga faʻafesoʻotaʻi mo oe, e aofia ai lau tuatusi, numera telefoni ma tuatusi imeli; (4) o se faʻamatalaga mai ia te oe o loʻo ia te oe le talitonuga lelei o le anotusi i le auala na faitio ai e le faʻatagaina e le pule o le puletaofia, poʻo lana sooupu, poʻo le faʻatinoina o soʻo se tulafono; ']
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['ma le (6) saini faaletino po o saini faaeletoroni a lē e ana le aiā tatau po o se tagata ua faatagaina e galue e fai ma sui o lē e ana le aiā tatau. ']
['Afai e lē o aofia uma faamatalaga o loo i luga, e ono faatuai ai ona iloilo lau faitioga.']
['Faafesootaʻi']
['Faamolemole lafo mai se imeli i so o se fesili / fautuaga.']
How is urticaria diagnosed?
Urticaria, also known as hives, is a skin condition characterized by the appearance of red, itchy, and swollen welts on the skin.
It can be caused by a variety of factors, including allergic reactions, infections, and certain medications.
Diagnosing urticaria involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and sometimes laboratory tests.
1. Medical history: The doctor will ask about the patient's medical history, including any known allergies, recent illnesses, and medications taken.
They will also inquire about the onset of symptoms, their duration, and any potential triggers.
2. Physical examination: The doctor will examine the skin for the presence of welts, their size, and distribution.
They may also check for other signs of an allergic reaction, such as swelling of the face, lips, or tongue.
3. Laboratory tests: In some cases, the doctor may order blood tests to check for the presence of allergies or infections.
Skin tests, such as a skin prick test or patch test, may also be performed to identify specific allergens.
4. Allergy tests: If the doctor suspects an allergic reaction, they may refer the patient to an allergist for further testing.
This may include skin prick tests, patch tests, or blood tests to identify specific allergens.
5. Differential diagnosis: The doctor will also consider other possible causes of the symptoms, such as other skin conditions or underlying medical conditions, and may order additional tests to rule these out.
6. Provocation tests: In cases of physical urticaria, where the hives are triggered by physical stimuli such as heat, cold, or pressure, the doctor may perform a provocation test to confirm the diagnosis.
This involves exposing the skin to the suspected trigger to see if a reaction occurs.
7. Autoimmune tests: In cases of chronic urticaria, the doctor may order tests to check for autoimmune disorders, as these can sometimes cause the condition.
8. Imaging tests: In rare cases, imaging tests such as an X-ray or CT scan may be ordered to rule out other conditions that may cause similar symptoms.
Overall, diagnosing urticaria involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and sometimes laboratory tests.
The goal is to identify the underlying cause and determine the best course of treatment for the patient.
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['Tagaʻi i le "Faamatalaga" ma le "Faamatalaga".']
