Comente si faghet a ischire chi unu tenet s'alzheimer?
Sa maladia de Alzheimer est diagnosticada cun una cumbinatzione de mètodos, chi includint una valutatzione mèdica cumpleta, test cognitivos e neuropsicològicos, imaging de su cherbeddu e su protzessu de eliminatzione de àteras càusas possìbiles.
1. Anàlisi mèdica: unu dutore at a fàghere un'anàlisi fìsica e at a pigare un'istòrica mèdica a sa minuda pro escludere àteras càusas possìbiles de pèrdida de memòria o declinu cognitivu, comente a problemas de tiroide, mancàntzias de vitaminas o tumores de su cherbeddu.
2. Test cognitivos e neuropsicològicos: custos test avalorant sa memòria, su limbàgiu, sa risolutzione de problemas e àteras funtziones cognitivas pro determinare s'estensione de su deterioramentu cognitivu e pro diferentziare intre sa pèrdida de memòria normale ligada a s'edade e sa demèntzia.
3. Imaging de su cherbeddu: s'imaging cun risonàntzia magnètica (MRI) o sa tomografia computerizada (CT) podent agiudare a identificare cambiamentos istruturales in su cherbeddu chi podent inditare sa maladia de Alzheimer.
Sas iscansiones tomogràficas a emissione de positrones (PET) si podent usare fintzas pro medire sos livellos de tzertas proteinas assotziadas a sa maladia de Alzheimer.
4. Esames de sàmbene: Chircas reghentes ant mustradu chi tzertos esames de sàmbene podent agiudare a diagnosticare sa maladia de Alzheimer medende sos livellos de proteinas ispetzìficas o biomarcadores assotziados a sa maladia.
5. Protzessu de eliminatzione: sigomente non b'at una proa definitiva ùnica pro sa maladia de Alzheimer, sa diàgnosi a s'ispissu ìmplicat s'esclusione de àteras càusas possìbiles de sìntomos sìmiles a sa demèntzia.
Est de importu a notare chi una diàgnosi definitiva de sa maladia de Alzheimer podet èssere fata isceti a pustis de sa morte pro mèdiu de un'esàmine de su tessidu tzelebrale.
Mancari gasi, sos mètodos de diagnosi atuales podent frunire unu livellu artu de seguresa pro una diagnosi clìnica mentras sa persone est galu biva.
Sa diagnosi primidia est de importu pro cumintzare sa cura e pro progetare su venidore.
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[Blood Based Biomarker for Optimization of Early and Differential Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Dementia]. Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr. 2022, 90 (7-08): 326-335.
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Imabayashi E, Saitoh Y, Tsukamoto T, Sakata M, Takano H: Combination of Astrogliosis and Phosphorylated Tau for the Preclinical Diagnosis of Alzheimer Disease Using 3-Dimensional Stereotactic Surface Projection Images With 18 F-THK5351. Clin Nucl Med. 2022, 47 (12): 1066-1068.
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How is alzheimer diagnosed?
Alzheimer's disease is diagnosed through a combination of methods, including a thorough medical evaluation, cognitive and neuropsychological tests, brain imaging, and the process of elimination of other possible causes.
1. Medical evaluation: A doctor will perform a physical examination and take a detailed medical history to rule out other possible causes of memory loss or cognitive decline, such as thyroid problems, vitamin deficiencies, or brain tumors.
2. Cognitive and neuropsychological tests: These tests assess memory, language, problem-solving, and other cognitive functions to determine the extent of cognitive impairment and to differentiate between normal age-related memory loss and dementia.
3. Brain imaging: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) scans can help identify structural changes in the brain that may indicate Alzheimer's disease.
Positron emission tomography (PET) scans can also be used to measure the levels of certain proteins associated with Alzheimer's disease.
4. Blood tests: Recent research has shown that certain blood tests can help diagnose Alzheimer's disease by measuring the levels of specific proteins or biomarkers associated with the disease.
5. Process of elimination: Since there is no single definitive test for Alzheimer's disease, diagnosis often involves ruling out other possible causes of dementia-like symptoms.
It is important to note that a definitive diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease can only be made after death through an examination of brain tissue.
However, current diagnostic methods can provide a high level of certainty for a clinical diagnosis while the person is still alive.
Early diagnosis is important for starting treatment and planning for the future.
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