How is Colon cancer diagnosed?

Comente si faghet a ischire chi unu tenet su tumore a su colon?

Su tumore de su colon est diagnosticadu cun una cumbinatzione de proas e protzeduras, chi podent inclùdere:

1. Esàmine fìsicu: unu dutore at a fàghere un'esàmine fìsicu pro controllare si b'at carchi anomalia o sinnu de maladia.

2. Anàlisis de su sàmbene: Sas anàlisis de su sàmbene podent agiudare a determinare si b'at carchi anormalidade in su sàmbene chi podet indicare sa presèntzia de su tumore.

3. Esames de s'istàtua: Un'esame de s'istàtua podet rilevare sa presèntzia de sàmbene in s'istàtua, chi podet èssere unu sinnu de cancru de su colon.

4. Colonoscopia: Custa est una protzedura in sa chi unu tubu fine e flessibile cun una lughe e una telecamera in s'estremidade est insertadu in su rettu pro esaminare su colon.

Durante una colonoscopia, su dutore podet pigare fintzas campiones de tessidos (biòpsias) pro los esaminare pro tzèllulas tumorales.

5. Sigmoidoscopia: Simile a una colonoscopia, una sigmoidoscopia esàminat sa parte inferiore de su colon.

6. Colonoscopia virtuale: Custa est una TAC de su colon chi creat un'immàgine a 3D de su colon e de su rettu.

7. Esàmine de sàmbene ocultu in sas fecales: Custu esàmine at a averiguare sa presèntzia de sàmbene in sas fecales, chi podet inditare sa presèntzia de cancru.

8. Clistera a bàrriu a dòpiu cuntrastu: Custu est un'esàmine a ràgios X de su colon e de su rettu, in su cale s'usat unu materiale de cuntrastu pro marcare calesisiat anormalidade.

9. Biopsia: Una biopsia est sa bogada de una cantidade pitica de tessidu dae su colon pro l'esaminare a suta de su microscòpiu pro determinare si b'at tzèllulas tumorales.

10. Esames de imaging: is TAC, is RMN e is radiografias de su pettu podent èssere impreadas pro determinare si su tumore s'est ispartu a àteras partes de su corpus.

Una borta fata sa diàgnosi de su tumore a su colon, su dutore at a determinare s'istàdiu de su tumore, chi agiudat a determinare su mègius cursu de tratamentu.

S'istàdiu si fundat subra sa mannària e sa positzione de su tumore, e fintzas si s'est ispartu a àteras partes de su corpus.

['Referèntzias']

PubMed/Medline https://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/download/pubmed_medline.html

RefinedWeb https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.01116

Su Y, Tian X, Gao R, Guo W, Chen C, Chen C, Jia D, Li H, Lv X: Colon cancer diagnosis and staging classification based on machine learning and bioinformatics analysis. Comput Biol Med. 2022, 145 (): 105409.

Khan FA, Albalawi R, Pottoo FH: Trends in targeted delivery of nanomaterials in colon cancer diagnosis and treatment. Med Res Rev. 2022, 42 (1): 227-258.

Shi J, Fei J, Yi Q, Shen L, Wan B, Chen Y, Chang Q: Treatment of colon cancer in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus: a case report. BMC Cancer. 2018, 18 (1): 961.

Ren QG, Huang T, Yang SL, Hu JL: Colon cancer metastasis to the mandibular gingiva with partial occult squamous differentiation: A case report and literature review. Mol Clin Oncol. 2017, 6 (2): 189-192.

Feng HT, Zou S, Chen M, Xiong F, Lee MH, Fang L, Tang BZ: Tuning Push-Pull Electronic Effects of AIEgens to Boost the Theranostic Efficacy for Colon Cancer. J Am Chem Soc. 2020, 142 (26): 11442-11450.

Slattery ML, Kerber RA: The impact of family history of colon cancer on survival after diagnosis with colon cancer. Int J Epidemiol. 1995, 24 (5): 888-96.

Tada M: [Recent advances in diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer]. Rinsho Byori. 1990, 38 (4): 403-6.

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How is colon cancer diagnosed?

Colon cancer is diagnosed through a combination of tests and procedures, which may include:

1. Physical examination: A doctor will perform a physical examination to check for any abnormalities or signs of illness.

2. Blood tests: Blood tests can help determine if there are any abnormalities in the blood that may indicate the presence of cancer.

3. Stool tests: A stool test can detect the presence of blood in the stool, which may be a sign of colon cancer.

4. Colonoscopy: This is a procedure in which a thin, flexible tube with a light and camera on the end is inserted into the rectum to examine the colon.

During a colonoscopy, the doctor can also take tissue samples (biopsies) to be examined for cancer cells.

5. Sigmoidoscopy: Similar to a colonoscopy, a sigmoidoscopy examines the lower part of the colon.

6. Virtual colonoscopy: This is a CT scan of the colon that creates a 3D image of the colon and rectum.

7. Fecal occult blood test: This test checks for the presence of blood in the stool, which may indicate the presence of cancer.

8. Double-contrast barium enema: This is an x-ray examination of the colon and rectum, in which a contrast material is used to highlight any abnormalities.

9. Biopsy: A biopsy is the removal of a small amount of tissue from the colon for examination under a microscope to determine if cancer cells are present.

10. Imaging tests: CT scans, MRI scans, and chest x-rays may be used to determine if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.

Once a diagnosis of colon cancer is made, the doctor will determine the stage of the cancer, which helps determine the best course of treatment.

Staging is based on the size and location of the tumor, as well as whether it has spread to other parts of the body.

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