How is Heart attack diagnosed?

Comente si faghet a ischire chi unu est patende un'infartu?

Un'atacu de coro est diagnosticadu pro mèdiu de una cumbinatzione de s'istòria mèiga de su patziente, esàmine fìsicu e proas diagnòsticas.

Sos esàmenes diagnòsticos prus comunos impreados pro diagnosticare un'atacu de coro includint:

1. Eletrocardiogramma (ECG): Custu esàmine medit s'atividade elètrica de su coro e podet rilevare anomalias chi podent inditare un'atacu de coro.

2. Anàlisis de su sàmbene: Sas anàlisis de su sàmbene podent medire sos livellos de tzertos enzimas e proteinas chi sunt liberados in su flussu sanguignu cando su mùsculu de su coro est dannadu.

Sos esames de su sàmbene prus comunos usados pro diagnosticare un'atacu de coro sunt sos de troponina e creatina chinasi (CK-MB).

3. Ecocardiogramma: Custu esàmine impreat undas sonoras pro creare un'immàgine in movimentu de su coro, chi podet agiudare sos dotores a valutare su funtzionamentu de su coro e identificare sas zonas de dannu.

4. Angiografia coronària: Custa proa interessat s'innetzione de una tintura in sas artèrias coronàrias e sa pigada de immàgines a ràgios X pro identificare cale si siat blocu o restringimentu de sas artèrias.

5. TAC o RMN cardìaca: Custos esàmenes podent frunire immàgines a sa minuda de su coro e de sos vasos sanguignos, chi podent agiudare sos dotores a identificare sos dannos o sos blocos.

6. Test de s'istress: Custu test cumportat s'esertzìtziu in unu tapis roulant o in una bitzicleta istatzionale mentras su coro est controlladu pro bìdere comente rispondet a s'istress.

Podet agiudare a identificare calesisiat abnormalidade in sa funtzione de su coro.

7. Cateterismu cardìacu: Custu esàmine invasivu cumportat s'insertada de unu catetere in unu bìculu de su bratzu o de sa camba e su ghiamentu a su coro.

A pustis si pigat una pigmenta e si ponet in sas artèrias coronàrias pro chircare de bìdere si b'at blocos o restringimentos.

Una cumbinatzione de custas proas, paris cun sos sìntomos e s'istòria mèdica de su malàidu, podet agiudare sos dotores a diagnosticare un'atacu de coro e determinare su mègius cursu de tratamentu.

['Referèntzias']

PubMed/Medline https://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/download/pubmed_medline.html

RefinedWeb https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.01116

Narcisse MR, Rowland B, Long CR, Felix H, McElfish PA: Heart Attack and Stroke Symptoms Knowledge of Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders in the United States: Findings From the National Health Interview Survey. Health Promot Pract. 2021, 22 (1): 122-131.

Atar D: [How to diagnose a heart attack in 2012?]. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 2012, 132 (3): 265-6.

Kriszbacher I, Bódis J, Boncz I, Koppan A, Koppan M: The time of sunrise and the number of hours with daylight may influence the diurnal rhythm of acute heart attack mortality. Int J Cardiol. 2010, 140 (1): 118-20.

New ultrafast MRI promises faster diagnosis of heart attack and stroke. J Cardiovasc Manag. , 10 (5): 17-9.

Duijts SFA, van der Beek AJ, Bleiker EMA, Smith L, Wardle J: Cancer and heart attack survivors' expectations of employment status: results from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. BMC Public Health. 2017, 17 (1): 640.

Kriszbacher I, Csoboth I, Boncz I, Bódis J: [The daily rhythm of heart attack morbidity and mortality may be influenced by the time of sunrise]. Orv Hetil. 2008, 149 (46): 2183-7.

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How is heart attack diagnosed?

A heart attack is diagnosed through a combination of the patient's medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests.

The most common diagnostic tests used to diagnose a heart attack include:

1. Electrocardiogram (ECG): This test measures the electrical activity of the heart and can detect abnormalities that may indicate a heart attack.

2. Blood tests: Blood tests can measure the levels of certain enzymes and proteins that are released into the bloodstream when the heart muscle is damaged.

The most common blood tests used to diagnose a heart attack are troponin and creatine kinase (CK-MB) tests.

3. Echocardiogram: This test uses sound waves to create a moving image of the heart, which can help doctors assess the function of the heart and identify any areas of damage.

4. Coronary angiography: This test involves injecting a dye into the coronary arteries and taking X-ray images to identify any blockages or narrowing of the arteries.

5. Cardiac CT or MRI: These imaging tests can provide detailed images of the heart and its blood vessels, which can help doctors identify any damage or blockages.

6. Stress test: This test involves exercising on a treadmill or stationary bike while the heart is monitored to see how it responds to stress.

It can help identify any abnormalities in the heart's function.

7. Cardiac catheterization: This invasive test involves inserting a catheter into a blood vessel in the arm or leg and guiding it to the heart.

Dye is then injected into the coronary arteries to identify any blockages or narrowing.

A combination of these tests, along with the patient's symptoms and medical history, can help doctors diagnose a heart attack and determine the best course of treatment.

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