Cale sunt sos fatores de arriscu pro un'atacu cardìacu?
Esistint medas fatores de arriscu pro s'atacu de coro, intre sos cales:
1. Edade: Su riscu de atacu de coro creschet cun s'edade, mescamente a pustis de sos 45 annos pro sos òmines e sos 55 pro sas fèminas.
2. Livellos artos de colesterolu: Livellos artos de colesterolu LDL (male) e livellos bassos de colesterolu HDL (bene) podent crèschere su riscu de atacu de coro.
3. Pressione arta: Sa pressione arta non controllada podet danneggiare sas artèrias e crèschere su riscu de atacu de coro.
4. Diabete: Sas persones cun diabete sunt a arriscu prus mannu de atacu de coro pro more de sos dannos chi s'iscala arta de su tzùcaru in su sàmbene podet causare a sos vasos sanguignos.
5. èssere subrapesu o obesu: s'eccessu de pesu podet crèschere su riscu de atacu de coro contribuende a àteros fatores de arriscu comente a s'ipertensione e su diabete.
6. Non fàghere esertzìtzios: Sa mancàntzia de atividade fìsica podet contribuire a s'isvilupu de sa maladia de su coro e aumentare su riscu de atacu de coro.
7. Fumare: Fumare est unu fatore de arriscu pro s'atacu de coro, ca dannàgiat sos vasos sanguignos e creschet su riscu de trombos.
8. Istòria familiare: un'istòria familiare de maladia a su coro podet crèschere su riscu de atacu de coro.
9. Fibrillation atriale: Custu est unu ritmu cardìacu irregulare chi podet crèschere su riscu de atacu de coro e istròlicu.
10. Atacu de coro o istròlicu: Sas persones chi ant tentu unu atacu de coro o un'istròlicu in antis sunt a arriscu prus mannu de nde tènnere un'àteru.
11. Stress: S'istress crònicu podet contribuire a s'isvilupu de sas maladias de su coro e aumentare su riscu de atacu de coro.
12. cunditziones autoimmunes: cunditziones comente a su lupus e s'artrite reumatoide podent crèschere su riscu de maladia a su coro in sas fèminas.
13. Problemas de salude ligados a sa gravidade: Sas fèminas chi isvilupant diabete gestatzionale o ipertensione durante sa gravidade sunt in arriscu prus mannu de isvilupare maladias de su coro in sa vida.
14. Livellos bassos de estrogenu: Sas fèminas chi ant coladu sa menopàusi o si sunt isteractomizadas tenent livellos bassos de estrogenu, chi podent crèschere su riscu issoro de maladia a su coro in raportu a sas fèminas chi non l'ant fatu.
Est de importu a notare chi mentras b'at fatores de arriscu, comente s'edade e s'istòria familiare, chi non si podent cambiare, medas àteros si podent gestire cun càmbios de istile de vida e interventos mèdicos.
Controllare sos datos a manera regulare, mantènnere una dieta sana, esertzitare a manera regulare, acabare de fumare e gestire sas cunditziones crònicas comente a s'ipertensione e su diabete podet agiudare a minimare su riscu de atacu de coro.
Poomsrikaew O, Ryan CJ, Zerwic JJ: Knowledge of heart attack symptoms and risk factors among native Thais: a street-intercept survey method. Int J Nurs Pract. 2010, 16 (5): 492-8.
Ahmed AAA, Al-Shami AM, Jamshed S, Zawiah M, Elnaem MH, Mohamed Ibrahim MI: Awareness of the Risk Factors for Heart Attack Among the General Public in Pahang, Malaysia: A Cross-Sectional Study. Risk Manag Healthc Policy. 2020, 13 (): 3089-3102.
Fussman C, Rafferty AP, Reeves MJ, Zackery S, Lyon-Callo S, Anderson B: Racial disparities in knowledge of stroke and heart attack risk factors and warning signs among Michigan adults. Ethn Dis. 2009, 19 (2): 128-34.
Ahmed AAA, Al-Shami AM, Jamshed S, Fata Nahas AR: Development of questionnaire on awareness and action towards symptoms and risk factors of heart attack and stroke among a Malaysian population. BMC Public Health. 2019, 19 (1): 1300.
Hwang SY, Ryan CJ, Zerwic JJ: Korean immigrants' knowledge of heart attack symptoms and risk factors. J Immigr Minor Health. 2008, 10 (1): 67-72.
Fukuoka Y, Oh YJ: Perceived Heart Attack Likelihood in Adults with a High Diabetes Risk. Heart Lung. , 52 (): 42-47.
Poomsrikaew O, Ryan CJ, Zerwic JJ: Knowledge of heart attack symptoms and risk factors among native Thais. West J Nurs Res. 2009, 31 (8): 1088-9.
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What are the risk factors for heart attack?
There are several risk factors for heart attack, including:
1. Age: The risk of heart attack increases with age, especially after the age of 45 for men and 55 for women.
2. High cholesterol levels: High levels of LDL (bad) cholesterol and low levels of HDL (good) cholesterol can increase the risk of heart attack.
3. High blood pressure: Uncontrolled high blood pressure can damage the arteries and increase the risk of heart attack.
4. Diabetes: People with diabetes are at a higher risk of heart attack due to the damage high blood sugar can cause to blood vessels.
5. Being overweight or obese: Excess weight can increase the risk of heart attack by contributing to other risk factors such as high blood pressure and diabetes.
6. Not exercising: Lack of physical activity can contribute to the development of heart disease and increase the risk of heart attack.
7. Smoking: Smoking is a major risk factor for heart attack, as it damages the blood vessels and increases the risk of blood clots.
8. Family history: A family history of heart disease can increase the risk of heart attack.
9. Atrial fibrillation: This is an irregular heart rhythm that can increase the risk of heart attack and stroke.
10. Previous heart attack or stroke: People who have had a previous heart attack or stroke are at a higher risk of having another one.
11. Stress: Chronic stress can contribute to the development of heart disease and increase the risk of heart attack.
12. Autoimmune conditions: Conditions such as lupus and rheumatoid arthritis can increase the risk of heart disease in women.
13. Pregnancy-related health problems: Women who develop gestational diabetes or hypertension during pregnancy are at an increased risk of developing heart disease later in life.
14. Low estrogen levels: Women who have gone through menopause or had a hysterectomy have lower levels of estrogen, which can increase their risk of heart disease compared to women who have not.
It is important to note that while some risk factors, such as age and family history, cannot be changed, many others can be managed through lifestyle changes and medical interventions.
Regular check-ups, maintaining a healthy diet, exercising regularly, quitting smoking, and managing chronic conditions like high blood pressure and diabetes can help reduce the risk of heart attack.
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