1. Gyae sigaretnom anaa mfi ase nnom: Sigaretnom ne ade titiriw a ɛde ahurututu mu kokoram ba, enti sigaretnom a wobegyae anaa wobɛtwe wo ho afi ho ne ade a ɛho hia sen biara a wubetumi ayɛ de asiw ahurututu mu kokoram ano.
2. Nsu a obi nom no, nnom no pii: Sɛ wuhyia obi a ɔnom sigaret a, twe wo ho fi ne ho efisɛ ebetumi ama woanya ahurututu mu kokoram.
3. Kwati mframa a wɔfrɛ no radon a ebetumi ama wo ho atɔ wo: Radon yɛ mframa a ɛwɔ abɔde mu a etumi kɔ mframa mu a ebetumi ama ahurututu mu kokoram.
Ma wɔnhwehwɛ radon a ɛwɔ wo fie mu no mu na sɛ ɛho hia a, yɛ ho biribi.
4. Nsu a wɔhome a wɔremma mframa mfa wɔn: Mframa a wɔhome a emu yɛ fĩ, titiriw wɔ nkurow akɛse mu no betumi ama ahurututu mu kokoram ayɛ nnipa pii.
Bɔ mmɔden sɛ wobɛkwati mmeae a mframa a wɔhome wom no ano yɛ den, na sɛ ɛho hia a, hyɛ biribi a wɔde kata w'anim.
5. Nnya asbestos ne nneɛma foforo a ɛde kokoram ba ho kwan: Asbestos, arsenic, nickel, ne chromium betumi ama ahurututu mu kokoram ayɛ nnipa pii.
Hwɛ yiye na woamma saa nneɛma yi amfa wo ankɔ adwuma mu.
6. Di aduan a ahoɔden wom: Aduan a nnuaba, afumduan, ne awi pii wom betumi aboa ma woagyae ahurututu mu kokoram.
7. Teɛteɛ w'apɔw mu daa: Apɔw mu a wobɛteɛteɛ w'apɔw mu daa no betumi aboa ma woagyae ahurututu mu kokoram.
8. Ma wo so ntew: Sɛ obi yɛ kɛse boro so anaa ɔyɛ kɛse boro so a, ebetumi ama wanya ahurututu mu kokoram, enti ɛho hia sɛ odi aduan pa na ɔtenetene n'apɔw mu.
9. Bɔ wo ho ban fi HPV ho: Nipadua mu kokoram (HPV) betumi ama woanya ahurututu mu kokoram, enti sɛ wobɔ wo ho ban a ebetumi aboa ma woabɔ wo ho ban afi yare no ho.
10. Nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ no daa: Nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ daa wɔ oduruyɛfo bi hɔ no betumi aboa ma wɔahu ahurututu mu kokoram ntɛm, bere a ɛyɛ mmerɛw sɛ wɔbɛsa no no.
11. Susuw ahurututu mu kokoram a wɔbɛhwehwɛ mu: Sɛ woyɛ obi a wonom sigaret kɛse seesei anaa kan no a, wo ne w'ayaresafo nka ahurututu mu kokoram a wobetumi ahwehwɛ mu ho asɛm, te sɛ kɔmputa mu afiri a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma a ɛwɔ wo ho a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma a ɛwɔ wo ho no.
12. Kwati baabi a wɔhyew nnipa: Ɛhɔ a wɔhyew nnipa no betumi ama obi anya honam mu kokoram a ebetumi atrɛw akɔ ahurututu mu, enti sɛ wugyae hɔ a ebetumi aboa ma woakwati ahurututu mu kokoram.
13. Tew nsã a wonom so: Nsã dodow a obi nom betumi ama wanya ahurututu mu kokoram, enti ɛho hia sɛ ɔtew nsã a ɔnom so.
14. Kwati asiane ahorow a ɛwɔ adwumam: Adwuma ahorow bi te sɛ nea wɔyɛ wɔ nnadeban mu ne nnade mu no betumi ama ahurututu mu kokoram a ɛma obi nya bi no ayɛ kɛse.
Hwɛ yiye na woamma nneɛma a ɛte saa anto wo.
15. Kɔ so sua: Sua nhwehwɛmu a wɔayɛ ne nyansahyɛ ahorow a wɔde ama wɔ ahurututu mu kokoram a wobɛtumi asiw ano ho ade, na sɛ wowɔ nsɛmmisa bi a, wo ne w'ayaresafo nka ho asɛm.
Risser NL: Prevention of lung cancer: the key is to stop smoking. Semin Oncol Nurs. 1996, 12 (4): 260-9.
Lim JU, Yoon HK: Narrative review: association between lung cancer development and ambient particulate matter in never-smokers. J Thorac Dis. 2022, 14 (2): 553-563.
Zhang Z, Lu S, Dunmall LSC, Wang Z, Cheng Z, Zhang Z, Yan W, Chu Y, Gao D, Wang N, Li Y, Wang J, Li Y, Ji Y, Shan D, Li K, Wang P, Dong Y, Dong J, Lemoine NR, Pei D, Zhang L, Wang Y: Treatment and Prevention of Lung Cancer Using a Virus-Infected Reprogrammed Somatic Cell-Derived Tumor Cell Vaccination (VIReST) Regime. Front Immunol. 2020, 11 (): 1996.
Astrup AV, Sandström B: [Antioxidative primary prevention with beta-carotene: does it prevent or cause lung cancer and ischemic heart disease in smokers?]. Ugeskr Laeger. 1994, 156 (23): 3510-1.
Shankar A, Dubey A, Saini D, Singh M, Prasad CP, Roy S, Bharati SJ, Rinki M, Singh N, Seth T, Khanna M, Sethi N, Kumar S, Sirohi B, Mohan A, Guleria R, Rath GK: Environmental and occupational determinants of lung cancer. Transl Lung Cancer Res. 2019, 8 (Suppl 1): S31-S49.
Krawczyk P, Duchnowska R, Nicoś M, Kowalski D, Wojas-Krawczyk K: Preventing central nervous system metastases in non-small cell lung cancer. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther. 2018, 18 (11): 1077-1083.
Ren G, Ye J, Fan Y, Wang J, Sun Z, Jia H, Du X, Hou C, Wang Y, Zhao Y, Zhou Q: [Survey and analysis of awareness of lung cancer prevention and control in a LDCT lung cancer screening project in Tianjin Dagang Oilfield of China]. Zhongguo Fei Ai Za Zhi. 2014, 17 (2): 163-70.
['Nsɛm a Ɛnsɛ sɛ Wɔka:']
['Wɔayɛ wɛbsaet yi sɛ wɔmfa nkyerɛkyerɛ na wɔmfa nkyerɛkyerɛ afoforo, na ɛnyɛ sɛ wɔde rema aduruyɛ ho afotu anaa wɔde rema adwuma.']
['Ɛnsɛ sɛ wɔde nsɛm a wɔde ama no di dwuma de hwehwɛ yare bi ho yare anaa wɔde sa yare, na ɛsɛ sɛ wɔn a wɔrehwehwɛ ayaresa ho afotu no kohu oduruyɛfo a ɔwɔ tumi krataa.']
['Yɛsrɛ wo hyɛ no nsow sɛ, sɛnea wɔhwɛ nsɛmmisa no so no, sɛ ɛba sɛ wɔrekyerɛw nnipa dodow a wɔanya yare bi ho asɛm a, ɛntaa nsi yiye.']
['Hwehwɛ afotu fi wo duruyɛfo anaa ɔyaresafo foforo a ɔfata hɔ bere biara wɔ yare bi ho. Nnya adwene sɛ wo nsa bɛka oduruyɛfo afotu anaasɛ wubetwa so esiane biribi a woakenkan wɔ wɛbsaet yi so nti. Sɛ wususuw sɛ ebia wo ho behia wo wɔ ayaresa mu a, frɛ 911 anaa kɔ ayaresabea a ɛbɛn wo paa ntɛm ara.']
['Nsɛm a wɔmmɔ ho ban:']
['Digital Millennium Copyright Act a wɔhyɛe wɔ afe 1998 mu, 17 U.S.C. § 512 (DMCA) no ma wɔn a wɔwɔ hokwan sɛ wɔyɛ wɔn nneɛma no kwan sɛ wɔyɛ nea wɔpɛ biara.']
["Sɛ wugye di sɛ nsɛm anaa nneɛma a ɛwɔ yɛn wɛbsaet anaa yɛn dwumadibea no mu bi to wo mmara a wode bɔɔ nneɛma ho ban no a, wo (anaa w'ananmusifo) betumi de krataa akɔma yɛn de aka sɛ yɛnyi nsɛm anaa nneɛma no, anaa yɛmmɔ kwan mma wonnya bi."]
["Ɛsɛ sɛ wɔde krataa ne email na ɛbɔ amanneɛ (hwɛ 'Contact' afã hɔ na wubehu email address)."]
['DMCA hwehwɛ sɛ wo amanneɛbɔ a ɛfa nea wɔkyerɛ sɛ ɛyɛ mmara a wobu so ho no de nsɛm a edidi so yi ka ho: (1) adwuma a mmara bɔ ho ban a wɔkyerɛ sɛ wɔadi so no ho asɛm; (2) nsɛm a wɔkyerɛ sɛ wɔadi so no ho asɛm ne nsɛm a ɛbɛboa yɛn ma yɛahu baabi a ɛwɔ; (3) wo ho nsɛm a yɛde bedi nkitaho, a wo address, telefon nɔma ne email address ka ho; (4) wo nsɛm a ɛkyerɛ sɛ wugye di sɛ nea wɔabɔ ho sobo no nyɛ nea mmara ma ho kwan; ']
['(5) wo nsahyɛ a ɛkyerɛ sɛ nsɛm a ɛwɔ amanneɛbɔ no mu yɛ nokware, na wowɔ tumi sɛ wode nea wɔkyerɛ sɛ woadi ho dwuma no bedi dwuma; ']
['ne (6) nea ɔwɔ tumi sɛ ɔyɛ biribi ma obi a ɔwɔ tumi sɛ ɔyɛ biribi ma no no nsaano nkyerɛwee.']
['Sɛ woamfa nsɛm a yɛaka yi nyinaa anka ho a, ebetumi ama wo ka no akyɛ.']
['Nkitahodi']
['Yɛsrɛ wo, fa nsɛmmisa anaa nyansahyɛ biara a wowɔ brɛ yɛn wɔ e-mail so.']
How to prevent lung cancer?
1. Quit smoking or don't start smoking: Smoking is the leading cause of lung cancer, so quitting or avoiding smoking is the most important measure to prevent lung cancer.
2. Limit exposure to secondhand smoke: Avoid being around people who are smoking, as secondhand smoke can also increase your risk of lung cancer.
3. Avoid exposure to radon gas: Radon gas is a naturally occurring radioactive gas that can cause lung cancer.
Have your home tested for radon levels and take steps to reduce them if necessary.
4. Limit exposure to air pollution: Air pollution, especially in urban areas, can increase the risk of lung cancer.
Try to avoid areas with high levels of air pollution and wear a mask if necessary.
5. Limit exposure to asbestos and other carcinogens: Exposure to asbestos, arsenic, nickel, and chromium can increase the risk of lung cancer.
Take precautions to limit exposure to these substances in the workplace.
6. Eat a healthy diet: A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains can help reduce the risk of lung cancer.
7. Exercise regularly: Regular physical activity can help reduce the risk of lung cancer.
8. Maintain a healthy weight: Being overweight or obese can increase the risk of lung cancer, so maintaining a healthy weight through diet and exercise is important.
9. Get vaccinated against HPV: The human papillomavirus (HPV) can increase the risk of lung cancer, so getting vaccinated can help prevent infection.
10. Regular check-ups: Regular check-ups with your healthcare provider can help detect lung cancer early, when it is most treatable.
11. Consider lung cancer screening: If you are a current or former heavy smoker, talk to your healthcare provider about lung cancer screening options, such as low-dose computed tomography (CT) scans.
12. Avoid tanning beds: Tanning beds can increase the risk of skin cancer, which can spread to the lungs, so avoiding them can help prevent lung cancer.
13. Limit alcohol consumption: Excessive alcohol consumption can increase the risk of lung cancer, so limiting alcohol intake is important.
14. Avoid occupational hazards: Certain occupations, such as mining and metalworking, can increase the risk of lung cancer due to exposure to carcinogens.
Take precautions to limit exposure in these situations.
15. Stay informed: Stay up-to-date on the latest research and recommendations for lung cancer prevention and talk to your healthcare provider about any concerns or questions you may have.
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['Ɛfa ho']
['BioMedLib de kɔmputa a wɔde di dwuma (mfidie a wɔde sua ade) na ɛma nsɛmmisa ne mmuae.']
['Yɛde nhoma ahorow a ɛfa nnuruyɛ mu ɔpepem 35 a ɛwɔ PubMed/Medline ne RefinedWeb mu na efii ase.']
