Nneɛma pii na ebetumi ama obi anya komayare, a ebi ne:
1. Mfe a obi adi: Sɛ obi nyin a, ɛma otumi nya komayare, titiriw bere a wadi mfe 45 ama mmarima ne mfe 55 ama mmea no.
2. Kokoram a ɛwɔ mogya mu dɔɔso: Kokoram a LDL (bɔne) wɔ pii ne kokoram a HDL (papa) wɔ kakraa bi betumi ama komayare ayɛ kɛse.
3. Mogya mmoroso: Mogya mmoroso a wɔhwɛ no yiye no betumi asɛe ntini a mogya fa mu no na ama komayare ayɛ kɛse.
4. Asikreyare: Esiane sɛ asikre pii a ɛwɔ mogya mu tumi sɛe ntini a mogya fa mu nti, nnipa a wɔwɔ asikreyare no betumi anya komayare.
5. Sɛ́ obi yɛ kɛse boro so anaa ɔyɛ kɛse boro so: Sɛ obi yɛ kɛse boro so a, ebetumi ama wanya komayare efisɛ ɛma onya nneɛma foforo te sɛ mogya mmoroso ne asikreyare.
6. Apɔwmuteɛteɛ a wɔnyɛ: Apɔwmuteɛteɛ a wɔnyɛ betumi ama wɔanya komayare na ama wɔn a wɔwɔ komayare ho asiane ayɛ kɛse.
7. Sigaretnom: Sigaretnom yɛ ade titiriw a ɛma komayare ba, efisɛ ɛsɛe mogya ntini ahorow no na ɛma mogya tumi bɔ.
8. Abusua mu abakɔsɛm: Sɛ obi abusuafo anya komayare a, ebetumi ama wanya komayare.
9. Atrial fibrillation: Eyi yɛ koma a ɛrebɔ denneennen a ebetumi ama komayare ne yare a ɛma obi fã dwudwo ayɛ kɛse.
10. Komayare anaa yare a ɛma obi fã dwudwo a wanya pɛn: Nnipa a wɔanya komayare anaa yare a ɛma obi fã dwudwo pɛn no betumi anya bi bio.
11. Adwennwen: Adwennwen a enni ano betumi ama obi anya komayare na ama wanya komayare.
12. Akwaa a ɛko tia nyarewa a nipadua no ankasa nya: Nyarewa te sɛ lupus ne ɔkwaha betumi ama mmea anya komayare.
13. Akokoaa a wɔawo wɔn yare: Mmea a wonya asikreyare anaa mogya mmoroso wɔ wɔn nyinsɛn mu no betumi anya komayare daakye.
14. Estrogen a enni ahoɔden: Mmea a wɔatwa bra anaasɛ wɔayi wɔn yafunu afi ɔbea bi yam no mu no, estrogen a ɛwɔ wɔn mu no so tew, na ebetumi ama wɔanya komayare asen mmea a wɔnnya nnii saa no.
Ɛho hia sɛ wubehu sɛ bere a wontumi nsesa nneɛma bi a ɛde yare ba te sɛ mfe ne abusua mu abakɔsɛm no, wobetumi adi afoforo pii ho dwuma denam asetra kwan a wɔbɛsesa ne nnuru a wɔde di dwuma so.
Sɛ wokɔ ayaresabea kɔhwɛ wo nipadua daa, di aduan pa, teɛteɛ w'apɔw mu daa, gyae sigaretnom, na wohwɛ wo yare te sɛ mogya mmoroso ne asikreyare a, ebetumi aboa ma woatumi atew komayare so.
Poomsrikaew O, Ryan CJ, Zerwic JJ: Knowledge of heart attack symptoms and risk factors among native Thais: a street-intercept survey method. Int J Nurs Pract. 2010, 16 (5): 492-8.
Ahmed AAA, Al-Shami AM, Jamshed S, Zawiah M, Elnaem MH, Mohamed Ibrahim MI: Awareness of the Risk Factors for Heart Attack Among the General Public in Pahang, Malaysia: A Cross-Sectional Study. Risk Manag Healthc Policy. 2020, 13 (): 3089-3102.
Fussman C, Rafferty AP, Reeves MJ, Zackery S, Lyon-Callo S, Anderson B: Racial disparities in knowledge of stroke and heart attack risk factors and warning signs among Michigan adults. Ethn Dis. 2009, 19 (2): 128-34.
Ahmed AAA, Al-Shami AM, Jamshed S, Fata Nahas AR: Development of questionnaire on awareness and action towards symptoms and risk factors of heart attack and stroke among a Malaysian population. BMC Public Health. 2019, 19 (1): 1300.
Hwang SY, Ryan CJ, Zerwic JJ: Korean immigrants' knowledge of heart attack symptoms and risk factors. J Immigr Minor Health. 2008, 10 (1): 67-72.
Fukuoka Y, Oh YJ: Perceived Heart Attack Likelihood in Adults with a High Diabetes Risk. Heart Lung. , 52 (): 42-47.
Poomsrikaew O, Ryan CJ, Zerwic JJ: Knowledge of heart attack symptoms and risk factors among native Thais. West J Nurs Res. 2009, 31 (8): 1088-9.
['Nsɛm a Ɛnsɛ sɛ Wɔka:']
['Wɔayɛ wɛbsaet yi sɛ wɔmfa nkyerɛkyerɛ na wɔmfa nkyerɛkyerɛ afoforo, na ɛnyɛ sɛ wɔde rema aduruyɛ ho afotu anaa wɔde rema adwuma.']
['Ɛnsɛ sɛ wɔde nsɛm a wɔde ama no di dwuma de hwehwɛ yare bi ho yare anaa wɔde sa yare, na ɛsɛ sɛ wɔn a wɔrehwehwɛ ayaresa ho afotu no kohu oduruyɛfo a ɔwɔ tumi krataa.']
['Yɛsrɛ wo hyɛ no nsow sɛ, sɛnea wɔhwɛ nsɛmmisa no so no, sɛ ɛba sɛ wɔrekyerɛw nnipa dodow a wɔanya yare bi ho asɛm a, ɛntaa nsi yiye.']
['Hwehwɛ afotu fi wo duruyɛfo anaa ɔyaresafo foforo a ɔfata hɔ bere biara wɔ yare bi ho. Nnya adwene sɛ wo nsa bɛka oduruyɛfo afotu anaasɛ wubetwa so esiane biribi a woakenkan wɔ wɛbsaet yi so nti. Sɛ wususuw sɛ ebia wo ho behia wo wɔ ayaresa mu a, frɛ 911 anaa kɔ ayaresabea a ɛbɛn wo paa ntɛm ara.']
['Nsɛm a wɔmmɔ ho ban:']
['Digital Millennium Copyright Act a wɔhyɛe wɔ afe 1998 mu, 17 U.S.C. § 512 (DMCA) no ma wɔn a wɔwɔ hokwan sɛ wɔyɛ wɔn nneɛma no kwan sɛ wɔyɛ nea wɔpɛ biara.']
["Sɛ wugye di sɛ nsɛm anaa nneɛma a ɛwɔ yɛn wɛbsaet anaa yɛn dwumadibea no mu bi to wo mmara a wode bɔɔ nneɛma ho ban no a, wo (anaa w'ananmusifo) betumi de krataa akɔma yɛn de aka sɛ yɛnyi nsɛm anaa nneɛma no, anaa yɛmmɔ kwan mma wonnya bi."]
["Ɛsɛ sɛ wɔde krataa ne email na ɛbɔ amanneɛ (hwɛ 'Contact' afã hɔ na wubehu email address)."]
['DMCA hwehwɛ sɛ wo amanneɛbɔ a ɛfa nea wɔkyerɛ sɛ ɛyɛ mmara a wobu so ho no de nsɛm a edidi so yi ka ho: (1) adwuma a mmara bɔ ho ban a wɔkyerɛ sɛ wɔadi so no ho asɛm; (2) nsɛm a wɔkyerɛ sɛ wɔadi so no ho asɛm ne nsɛm a ɛbɛboa yɛn ma yɛahu baabi a ɛwɔ; (3) wo ho nsɛm a yɛde bedi nkitaho, a wo address, telefon nɔma ne email address ka ho; (4) wo nsɛm a ɛkyerɛ sɛ wugye di sɛ nea wɔabɔ ho sobo no nyɛ nea mmara ma ho kwan; ']
['(5) wo nsahyɛ a ɛkyerɛ sɛ nsɛm a ɛwɔ amanneɛbɔ no mu yɛ nokware, na wowɔ tumi sɛ wode nea wɔkyerɛ sɛ woadi ho dwuma no bedi dwuma; ']
['ne (6) nea ɔwɔ tumi sɛ ɔyɛ biribi ma obi a ɔwɔ tumi sɛ ɔyɛ biribi ma no no nsaano nkyerɛwee.']
['Sɛ woamfa nsɛm a yɛaka yi nyinaa anka ho a, ebetumi ama wo ka no akyɛ.']
['Nkitahodi']
['Yɛsrɛ wo, fa nsɛmmisa anaa nyansahyɛ biara a wowɔ brɛ yɛn wɔ e-mail so.']
What are the risk factors for heart attack?
There are several risk factors for heart attack, including:
1. Age: The risk of heart attack increases with age, especially after the age of 45 for men and 55 for women.
2. High cholesterol levels: High levels of LDL (bad) cholesterol and low levels of HDL (good) cholesterol can increase the risk of heart attack.
3. High blood pressure: Uncontrolled high blood pressure can damage the arteries and increase the risk of heart attack.
4. Diabetes: People with diabetes are at a higher risk of heart attack due to the damage high blood sugar can cause to blood vessels.
5. Being overweight or obese: Excess weight can increase the risk of heart attack by contributing to other risk factors such as high blood pressure and diabetes.
6. Not exercising: Lack of physical activity can contribute to the development of heart disease and increase the risk of heart attack.
7. Smoking: Smoking is a major risk factor for heart attack, as it damages the blood vessels and increases the risk of blood clots.
8. Family history: A family history of heart disease can increase the risk of heart attack.
9. Atrial fibrillation: This is an irregular heart rhythm that can increase the risk of heart attack and stroke.
10. Previous heart attack or stroke: People who have had a previous heart attack or stroke are at a higher risk of having another one.
11. Stress: Chronic stress can contribute to the development of heart disease and increase the risk of heart attack.
12. Autoimmune conditions: Conditions such as lupus and rheumatoid arthritis can increase the risk of heart disease in women.
13. Pregnancy-related health problems: Women who develop gestational diabetes or hypertension during pregnancy are at an increased risk of developing heart disease later in life.
14. Low estrogen levels: Women who have gone through menopause or had a hysterectomy have lower levels of estrogen, which can increase their risk of heart disease compared to women who have not.
It is important to note that while some risk factors, such as age and family history, cannot be changed, many others can be managed through lifestyle changes and medical interventions.
Regular check-ups, maintaining a healthy diet, exercising regularly, quitting smoking, and managing chronic conditions like high blood pressure and diabetes can help reduce the risk of heart attack.
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['Ɛfa ho']
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['Yɛde nhoma ahorow a ɛfa nnuruyɛ mu ɔpepem 35 a ɛwɔ PubMed/Medline ne RefinedWeb mu na efii ase.']
