Uvei wo kanser wo vimo u limbukiwila poku linga akonomuiso amue ndeci:
1. Oku kũlĩhĩsa tete eci ci kasi vimo: Ndotolo o kũlĩhĩsa nda vimo muli otulumu, apongoloko amue ale kuli cimue ka ca sungulukile.
2. O mamografia: Yi lomboloka okupa ocinyi vimo oco ci limbuke nda li kuete uvei umue osimbu handi ka wa limbukiwile.
3. Oku kũlĩhĩsa leselula: Uloño waco u kuatisa oku limbuka nda oñaña yi kuete evalo ale ka yi kuete.
4. O MRI: Uloño waco u kuatisa oku limbuka ovina viosi vi kasi vimo liukãi.
5. Oku kũlĩhĩsa ombuto yimue yi kasi vimo: Poku linga upange waco, va nõla onepa yimue yitito yuveyi waco kuenje va yi konomuisa lomakina yimue yi tukuiwa hati, microscope oco va limbuke nda yi kuete uvei wo kanser.
6. Oku konomuisa osonde: Oku konomuisa osonde, ci kuatisa oku limbuka nda omunu o kuete uvei wo kanser ale sio.
7. Oku konomuisa eci catiamẽla ko DNA: Nda umue vepata wa kuatiwa luvei wo kanser, citava okuti o lingavo ekonomuiso liaco oco a limbuke nda o kuete uvei umue u pondola oku u tualavo kuvei waco.
8. Oku kũlĩhĩsa akepa, o tomografia, ale o PET: Ovihemba viaco vi kuatisa oku limbuka nda uveyi waco wa li sanduila kolonepa vikuavo vietimba.
Nda omunu wa limbuka okuti o kuete uveyi wo kanser, olondotolo vi linga akonomuiso akuavo oco vi limbuke nda o kuete uveyi waco ale sio.
Zahoor S, Lali IU, Khan MA, Javed K, Mehmood W: Breast Cancer Detection and Classification using Traditional Computer Vision Techniques: A Comprehensive Review. Curr Med Imaging. 2020, 16 (10): 1187-1200.
Dewar MA, Love N: Legal issues in managing breast disease. Postgrad Med. 1992, 92 (5): 137-40, 143-4, 149-51 passim.
Donepudi MS, Kondapalli K, Amos SJ, Venkanteshan P: Breast cancer statistics and markers. J Cancer Res Ther. , 10 (3): 506-11.
Sazuka T, Miyazawa Y, Tochigi T, Hirano A, Mori M, Kosugi C, Shuto K, Kasahara K, Hiroshima Y, Matsuo K, Tanaka K, Yamazaki K, Koda K, Matsubara H: [A Case of Rectal Metastasis from Breast Cancer Diagnosed Two Years after Surgery]. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho. 2017, 44 (12): 1254-1256.
Yan J, Liu Z, Du S, Li J, Ma L, Li L: Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer in the Precision Medicine Era. Methods Mol Biol. 2020, 2204 (): 53-61.
Cong J, Wei B, He Y, Yin Y, Zheng Y: A Selective Ensemble Classification Method Combining Mammography Images with Ultrasound Images for Breast Cancer Diagnosis. Comput Math Methods Med. 2017, 2017 (): 4896386.
Cui R, Wang C, Zhao Q, Wang Y, Li Y: Serum Carboxypeptidase N1 Serves as a Potential Biomarker Complementing CA15-3 for Breast Cancer. Anticancer Agents Med Chem. 2020, 20 (17): 2053-2065.
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['O Web site eyi, ya sandekiwila lika oku longisa omanu kuenda oku va ĩha olonumbi.']
['Nda o yongola oku sakuiwa, sandiliya ondotolo yi kuete uloño woku ci linga.']
['Kũlĩhĩsa okuti, uloño woku konomuisa atambululo apulilo, ka u pondola oku eca atambululo a suapo, ca piãla enene nda etendelo liaco ka lia suilepo.']
['Olonjanja viosi sandiliya ekuatiso liondotolo yove ale liondotolo yikuavo ya loñoloha kueci catiamẽla kocitangi cimue cuhayele. Lalimue eteke ku ka sepule ekuatiso liondotolo ale oku livala koku sandiliya omo liocina cimue wa tanga vo website yilo. Nda o sima okuti o kuete ocitangi cimue cuhayele, vilikiya lonjanga o 911 ale enda lonjanga kosipitali. Ka kuli ukamba umue pokati kondotolo lukuenje wa vela omo lio website yilo ale oku talavaya layo.']
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['(5) ukanda umue wa sinaliwa love okuti u lekisa okuti esapulo liaco liocili kuenda o kuete omoko yoku teyuila omoko yove yoku soneha.']
['Kuenda (6) ondimbukiso yocikuata ale yo komputador yomunu ukuete omoko yoku linga upange waco ale yomunu umue o kuete omoko yoku linga upange waco vonduko yomunu ukuete omoko yaco. ']
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['Tu tumise o email lapulilo ale ovisimĩlo viove.']
How is breast cancer diagnosed?
Breast cancer is diagnosed through a combination of tests and procedures, which may include:
1. Clinical breast exam: A healthcare professional will examine the breasts for any lumps, changes in size or shape, or other abnormalities.
2. Mammogram: An x-ray of the breast that can detect abnormalities even before they can be felt.
3. Ultrasound: A test that uses sound waves to create an image of the breast tissue, which can help determine if a lump is solid or filled with fluid.
4. MRI: A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan uses a magnetic field and radio waves to create detailed images of the breast tissue.
5. Biopsy: A small sample of breast tissue is removed and examined under a microscope to determine if cancer cells are present.
6. Blood tests: Certain blood tests, such as a complete blood count or tumor markers, may be done to help determine the stage of the cancer or to monitor treatment.
7. Genetic testing: If there is a family history of breast cancer, genetic testing may be done to determine if there is an inherited gene mutation that increases the risk of developing breast cancer.
8. Bone scan, CT scan, or PET scan: These imaging tests may be done to determine if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.
Once a diagnosis of breast cancer is made, further tests may be done to determine the stage and grade of the cancer, which helps guide treatment decisions.
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