How is Prostate cancer diagnosed?

Prostata saratoni qanday tashxis qo'yiladi?

Prostat saratoni tekshiruvlar va protseduralar kombinatsiyasi orqali aniqlanadi, ularga quyidagilar kirishi mumkin:

1. Raqamli rektal tekshiruv (DRE): Shifokor prostatani har qanday g'ayritabiiy holatlarni aniqlash uchun rektumga qo'lqopli, moylangan barmoqni kiritadi.

2. Prostata o'ziga xos antigeni (PSA) testi: Bu prostat bezi tomonidan ishlab chiqariladigan oqsil bo'lgan PSA darajasini o'lchaydigan qon testidir.

PSA darajasining koʻtarilishi prostata saratoni mavjudligini koʻrsatishi mumkin.

3. Transrektal ultratovush (TRUS): tovush to'lqinlari yordamida prostataning tasvirini yaratish uchun rektumga kichik zond kiritiladi.

Bu prostat bezidagi har qanday g'ayritabiiy holatlarni aniqlashga yordam beradi.

4. Biopsiya: Prostata to'qimalarining kichik namunasi olib tashlanadi va saraton hujayralari bor-yo'qligi uchun mikroskop ostida tekshiriladi.

Bu prostata saratoni tashxisini qo'yishning yagona aniq usuli.

5. Magnetik rezonans tasvirlash (MRI): Prostata MRI skaneri har qanday g'ayritabiiy holatlarni aniqlashga va biopsiya protsedurasiga yo'naltirishga yordam beradi.

6. Genomik testlar: Ba'zi shifokorlar saratonning tajovuzkorligini aniqlash va davolash to'g'risidagi qarorlarni qabul qilish uchun genomik testlardan foydalanishlari mumkin.

7. Suyaklarni skanerlash: saraton kasalligi suyaklarga tarqalgan- tarqalmaganligini tekshirish uchun suyaklarni skanerlash mumkin.

8. Kompyuter tomografiyasi (KT) Skaneri: Kanker boshqa organlar yoki to'qimalarga tarqalganligini tekshirish uchun KT skaneridan foydalanish mumkin.

Shuni ta'kidlash kerakki, PSA darajasi ko'tarilgan yoki DRE natijalari g'ayrioddiy bo'lgan barcha erkaklarda prostata saratoni bo'lmaydi va barcha prostata saratoni PSA darajasi ko'tarilgan bo'lmaydi.

Shuning uchun tashxisni tasdiqlash uchun biopsiya qilish kerak.

Bundan tashqari, biopsiya o'tkazish to'g'risidagi qaror ushbu testlarning natijalari va shaxsning xavf omillari va afzalliklarini ko'rib chiqgandan so'ng qabul qilinadi.

Ma'lumotlar

PubMed/Medline https://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/download/pubmed_medline.html

RefinedWeb https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.01116

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Marenco J, Kasivisvanathan V, Emberton M: New standards in prostate biopsy. Arch Esp Urol. 2019, 72 (2): 142-149.

Moradi M, Mousavi P, Abolmaesumi P: Computer-aided diagnosis of prostate cancer with emphasis on ultrasound-based approaches: a review. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2007, 33 (7): 1010-28.

Cuperlovic-Culf M, Belacel N, Davey M, Ouellette RJ: Multi-gene biomarker panel for reference free prostate cancer diagnosis: determination and independent validation. Biomarkers. 2010, 15 (8): 693-706.

McGrath SE, Michael A, Morgan R, Pandha H: EN2: a novel prostate cancer biomarker. Biomark Med. 2013, 7 (6): 893-901.

An Y, Chang W, Wang W, Wu H, Pu K, Wu A, Qin Z, Tao Y, Yue Z, Wang P, Wang Z: A novel tetrapeptide fluorescence sensor for early diagnosis of prostate cancer based on imaging Zn²⁺ in healthy versus cancerous cells. J Adv Res. 2020, 24 (): 363-370.

[Consensus of Chinese experts on the application of molecular imaging targeting prostate specific membrane antigen in prostate cancer patients]. Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2018, 56 (2): 91-94.

Zhong WD, He HC, Bi XC, Ou RB, Jiang SA, Liu LS: cDNA macroarray for analysis of gene expression profiles in prostate cancer. Chin Med J (Engl). 2006, 119 (7): 570-3.

Mas'uliyatdan voz kechish: tibbiy

Ushbu veb-sayt faqat ta'lim va axborot maqsadlari uchun mo'ljallangan bo'lib, tibbiy maslahat yoki professional xizmatlar ko'rsatmaydi.

Ma'lumotlardan sog'liqni saqlash muammolari yoki kasalliklarni tashxislash yoki davolash uchun foydalanmaslik kerak va shaxsiy tibbiy maslahat so'raganlar litsenziyaga ega bo'lgan shifokor bilan maslahatlashishlari kerak.

Iltimos, savollarga javoblarni ishlab chiqaradigan neyron tarmog'i, ayniqsa, raqamli tarkibga kelganda noto'g'ri ekanligiga e'tibor bering. Masalan, ma'lum bir kasallik bilan kasallangan odamlar soni.

Har doim shifokoringiz yoki boshqa malakali sog'liqni saqlash provayderining maslahatini so'rang. Hech qachon professional tibbiy maslahatni e'tiborsiz qoldirmang yoki ushbu veb-saytda o'qiganingiz sababli uni so'rashni kechiktirmang. Agar siz tibbiy favqulodda vaziyatga duchor bo'lishingiz mumkin deb o'ylasangiz, darhol 911 ga qo'ng'iroq qiling yoki eng yaqin favqulodda vaziyatlar bo'limiga boring. Ushbu veb-sayt yoki uning ishlatilishi bilan hech qanday shifokor- bemor munosabatlari yaratilmaydi. BioMedLib ham, uning xodimlari ham, ushbu veb-saytga hech qanday hissa qo'shuvchi, bu erda taqdim etilgan ma'lumot yoki uning ishlatilishi bilan bog'liq hech qanday bayonot bermaydi.

Mas'uliyatdan voz kechish: mualliflik huquqi

1998-yilgi raqamli ming yillik mualliflik huquqi to'g'risidagi qonun, 17 U.S.C. 512-moddasi (DMCA) Internetda paydo bo'lgan materiallar AQSh mualliflik huquqi to'g'risidagi qonun bo'yicha o'z huquqlarini buzadi deb hisoblaydigan mualliflik huquqi egalari uchun choralar ko'rsatadi.

Agar siz bizning veb-saytimiz yoki xizmatlarimiz bilan bog'liq bo'lgan har qanday tarkib yoki material sizning mualliflik huquqingizni buzadi deb yaxshi ishonchga ega bo'lsangiz, siz (yoki sizning vakilingiz) bizga tarkib yoki materialni olib tashlashni yoki unga kirishni to'xtatishni so'rab xabar yuborishingiz mumkin.

Xabarlar yozma ravishda elektron pochta orqali yuborilishi kerak (elektron pochta manzili uchun "Muloqot" bo'limiga qarang).

DMCA sizning da'vo qilingan mualliflik huquqi buzilganligi to'g'risidagi xabarnomangizda quyidagi ma'lumotlarni o'z ichiga olishini talab qiladi: (1) da'vo qilingan mualliflik huquqi buzilgan asarning tavsifi; (2) da'vo qilingan mualliflik huquqi buzilgan tarkibning tavsifi va bizga tarkibni topishga imkon beradigan etarli ma'lumotlar; (3) siz uchun aloqa ma'lumotlari, shu jumladan sizning manzilingiz, telefon raqami va elektron pochta manzili; (4) siz tomonidan da'vo qilingan tarzda tarkib mualliflik huquqi egasi yoki uning vakili yoki har qanday qonun tomonidan ruxsat berilmaganligiga ishonchingiz borligi to'g'risidagi bayonot;

(5) siz tomonidan yolg'on guvohlik berish jazosi ostida imzolangan, bildirishnomadagi ma'lumotlar to'g'ri ekanligi va siz buzilgan deb da'vo qilingan mualliflik huquqlarini amalga oshirish vakolatiga ega ekanligingiz to'g'risidagi bayonot;

va (6) mualliflik huquqi egasining yoki mualliflik huquqi egasi nomidan harakat qilishga vakolatli shaxsning jismoniy yoki elektron imzosi.

Yuqoridagi barcha ma'lumotlarni kiritmaslik sizning shikoyatingizni ko'rib chiqishni kechiktirishi mumkin.

Aloqa qilish

Iltimos, har qanday savol / taklif bilan bizga elektron pochta xabarini yuboring.

How is prostate cancer diagnosed?

Prostate cancer is diagnosed through a combination of tests and procedures, which may include:

1. Digital Rectal Exam (DRE): A doctor inserts a gloved, lubricated finger into the rectum to feel the prostate for any abnormalities.

2. Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Test: This is a blood test that measures the level of PSA, a protein produced by the prostate gland.

Elevated PSA levels may indicate the presence of prostate cancer.

3. Transrectal Ultrasound (TRUS): A small probe is inserted into the rectum to create an image of the prostate using sound waves.

This can help identify any abnormalities in the prostate gland.

4. Biopsy: A small sample of prostate tissue is removed and examined under a microscope for the presence of cancer cells.

This is the only definitive way to diagnose prostate cancer.

5. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): An MRI scan of the prostate can help identify any abnormalities and guide the biopsy procedure.

6. Genomic Testing: Some doctors may use genomic tests to help determine the aggressiveness of the cancer and guide treatment decisions.

7. Bone Scan: A bone scan may be performed to check if the cancer has spread to the bones.

8. Computed Tomography (CT) Scan: A CT scan may be used to check if the cancer has spread to other organs or tissues.

It is important to note that not all men with elevated PSA levels or abnormal DRE results will have prostate cancer, and not all prostate cancers will cause elevated PSA levels.

Therefore, a biopsy is necessary to confirm the diagnosis.

Additionally, the decision to undergo a biopsy is made after considering the results of these tests and the individual's risk factors and preferences.

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